Ese twavuga ku bibazo by'amaso bikunze kugaragara mu myaka?

Rero, uko tugenda dusaza, imibiri yacu itangira guhinduka, si byo se? Hari igihe amaso yacu abyumva. Ese wumva utabona neza nk'uko wabikoraga mbere? Ese biragoye gusoma inyandiko nto cyangwa gusoma ibinyamakuru? Ntugahangayike, byinshi muri ibi bintu bishobora kuba ibintu bisanzwe bizana n'imyaka. Ariko kubimenya no gufata ingamba ku gihe bishobora gufasha amaso yawe kugumana ubuzima bwiza igihe kirekire.

Ni ibihe bibazo by'amaso bikunze kubaho uko tugenda dusaza?

Sawa, reka turebere hamwe ibibazo bigira ingaruka ku maso yacu uko tugenda dusaza. Bimwe muri byo ushobora kuba warumvise.

Ibi ni byo bintu by'ingenzi bigaragara:

• Kugabanuka k'amagufwa y'amaso bifitanye isano n'imyaka (AMD): Iki ni cyo gihe macula, igice cy'ingenzi cyane cy'ijisho gitanga kureba neza, yangirika. Mu magambo make, hagati y'ibyo ubona haba hatagaragara neza kandi hatazwi neza. Bishobora kugorana kumenya amasura cyangwa gusoma igitabo.
• Indwara z'amaso: Iki ni ikintu abantu benshi bazi. Iki ni cyo gihe indorerwamo mu jisho iba irimo ibicu cyangwa ikagira igihu. Hanyuma ibintu bishobora kugaragara nk'ibidasobanutse neza kandi bihinduka ibara. Ni nko kureba mu kirahuri cyanduye.
• Retinopathy ifitanye isano na diyabete: Ibi ni ingenzi cyane cyane iyo urwaye diyabete. Diyabete ishobora kwangiza imiyoboro y'amaraso yoroshye iri mu jisho, bigatuma ubona neza.
• Glaucoma: Iyi ni indwara idasobanutse neza. Ibi biterwa no kwiyongera k'umuvuduko mu jisho, byangiza imitsi y'amaso, ikaba ari ingenzi ku kureba kwacu. Nubwo nta bimenyetso bikomeye bishobora kugaragara mu ntangiriro, kureba bishobora kugenda bitagaragara buhoro buhoro.

Uretse ibi by'ingenzi, hari n'ubundi bwoko bw'ibibazo by'amaso bushobora kubaho uko ugenda ukura. Dore ingero nke:

• Presbyopia: Iki ni ikintu kibaho ku bantu benshi nyuma y'imyaka 40. Bivuze ko ibintu byegeranye, nk'inyuguti nto, bidasobanutse neza. Fata ikinyamakuru hejuru gato, maze bikagorana kugishyira ku rushinge, sibyo? Nibyo.
• Astigmatisme: Iyo ijisho ritashyize urumuri neza, ibintu bisa nkaho byarambuye gato kandi bitagaragara neza.
• Amaso yumye: Iyo amarira agabanutse, amaso ashobora kuma, kurakara, no kumva nk'aho hari umucanga mu maso.
• Udupira two mu maso: Hari igihe ubona utudomo duto tw'umukara cyangwa udupira duto tugenda imbere y'amaso yawe ? Ibi ni byo. Nubwo akenshi atari akaga, iyo twiyongereye mu buryo butunguranye, ni byiza kujya kwa muganga.
• Kureba kure cyane: Kubona ibintu biri kure neza, ariko ukabona ibintu biri hafi bitagaragara neza.
• Imirasire y'urumuri: Imirasire y'urumuri itunguranye imbere y'amaso.
• Kutabona neza:Hari aho amaso adashobora kugaruka neza nubwo haba hari indorerwamo cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo kuvura.
• Myopia: Kureba hafi: Kubona ibintu hafi neza, ariko ukabona ibintu kure nk'aho bitagaragara neza.
• Gutandukanya amaso: Iki ni ikibazo cyihutirwa. Retina, urwego rw'ijisho rushobora kwitabwaho n'urumuri, iracika. Ishobora gutuma umuntu atabona neza.
• Amaso afite amazi: Gushwanyagurika cyane.

Ariko ibuka ko nta mpamvu yo gutinya ibi byose. Abaganga b'amaso bashobora kuvura byinshi muri ibi bibazo. Bimwe bishobora gukira burundu, mu gihe ibindi bishobora kugabanya ibimenyetso no kugumisha amaso yawe meza uko bishoboka kose igihe kirekire gishoboka. Ni gake cyane, indwara ziba zikomeye ku buryo zishobora gutuma utabona neza.

Igikuru ni ugusuzuma amaso yawe buri gihe . Hanyuma, niba hari ikibazo, gishobora kumenyekana hakiri kare maze ubuvuzi bugatangira.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ibi bibazo by'amaso?

Akenshi, izi ndwara z'amaso ziterwa n'ubusaza ntabwo zitera ibimenyetso bikomeye mu ntangiriro. Niyo mpamvu ziteye ubwoba gato. Ariko, bitewe n'uburwayi, ibimenyetso bitandukanye bishobora kugaragara. Reba niba ufite kimwe muri ibi:

• Amaso arareba nabi kandi ntagaragara neza.
• Kubabara mu maso, gushya no kuruma.
• Amaso asharira cyane cyangwa yumye.
• Kubona utudomo tw'umukara cyangwa imigozi ireremba imbere y'amaso yawe, cyangwa kubona amatara mu buryo butunguranye.
• Kutabona urumuri rwinshi, kugorwa no kureba urumuri rw'izuba.
• Kugorwa no gutandukanya no kumenya amabara (urugero, ubururu bwijimye n'umukara bisa nkaho bitazwi).
• Kureba biba bito, nk'aho ureba mu muyoboro (kubura ubushobozi bwo kureba mu mpande).

Ibi bimenyetso bishobora gutuma bigorana gukora imirimo yawe ya buri munsi. Tekereza kuri ibi bikurikira:

• Inyandiko nto, ntashobora gusoma amakuru arambuye ku binyamakuru.
• Kurwara umutwe.
• Kudashobora gupima intera neza (urugero: iyo umanuka ku madarajya).
• Biragoye kwibandaho iyo urebye ikintu hafi hanyuma ukareba ikintu kiri kure.
• Kutabona neza nijoro, bigatuma bigoye gutwara imodoka nijoro.
• Amaso yumva ananiwe.

Niba wumva ibintu nk'ibi, nta kabuza shaka umuganga w'amaso.

Kuki amaso akora ibi uko tugenda dusaza?

Ushobora kuba wibaza impamvu amaso yawe ahangayikishijwe n'iki gihe. Kimwe n'ibindi bice by'umubiri wacu, amaso yacu na yo ahinduka uko tugenda dusaza. Ni ibisanzwe.

• Nyuma y'imyaka 40: Abantu benshi barira gake. Amarira afasha mu gutuma amaso ahora atose, asukuye, kandi akabarinda kwandura. Bityo iyo amarira agabanutse, amaso aruma, ababara, kandi ararakara.
• Poroteyine ziri mu mboni y'ijisho: Uko tugenda dusaza, poroteyine ziri mu mboni y'ijisho zitangira gusenyuka. Iyi ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru itera cataract. Imboni igenda yiyongera buhoro buhoro ikagira ibicu.
• Ikintu kiri hagati mu jisho: Hari ikintu gisa n'umusemburo witwa `(Vitreous)` mu maso yacu. Uko tugenda dusaza, ibi bitangira kugabanuka gato. Ni bwo ibyo `bireremba` bitangira kugaragara imbere y'amaso. Hari igihe ibi bishobora gutera `Gutandukanya retinal`.
• Guhinduka kw'ijisho: Ijisho ry'ijisho rihinduka cyane iyo ukiri muto. Ibi bivuze ko rishobora kumenyera kureba hafi no kureba kure. Ariko, uko ugenda usaza, ubwo buryo bworoshye buragabanuka. Aha niho indwara yitwa "Presbyopia" ibaho, aho udashobora kubona ibintu hafi.

Ese ibibazo by'amaso bifitanye isano n'izabukuru bishobora gutera izindi ngorane?

Yego, ibibazo by'amaso rimwe na rimwe bishobora gutera ibindi bibazo. Urugero, iyo utabona neza, uba ushobora kugwa no kugira impanuka.

Nanone, iyo umuganga w'amaso agusuzumye, ashobora no gushaka ibimenyetso ku zindi ndwara zitajyanye n'amaso. Ese ntibitangaje? Amaso yawe ashobora kukubwira byinshi ku buzima bwawe muri rusange.

Hari igihe ibibazo by'amaso bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'izindi ndwara, nko:

• Indwara isa n'iyaturitse umuyoboro w'amaraso (`Aneurysm`)
• Kanseri
• Diyabete
• Indwara z'umutima
• Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso (Hypertension)
• Sclerosis nyinshi (MS)
• Sjögren's Syndrome (indwara itera amaso n'umunwa kuma)
• Kubura Vitamine A
• Igisebe cy'imitsi
• Ibibyimba

Niyo mpamvu bivugwa ko ibizamini by'amaso atari ukugira indorerwamo gusa, ahubwo ni ingenzi ku buzima muri rusange.

Ni gute wamenya ibi bibazo by'amaso bifitanye isano n'izabukuru?

Abaganga b'amaso bakoresha ibizamini bitandukanye kugira ngo bapime kandi bavure ibibazo by'amaso. Kimwe mu bice by'ingenzi by'isuzuma ryuzuye ry'amaso ni ugusuzuma umwobo w'umukara w'ijisho (`Ophthalmoscopy cyangwa Fundoscopy`). Ibi kandi byitwa `kwaguka kw'amaso`.

Ibi ni byo bibaho:

1. Muganga agushyira ibitonyanga mu maso.

2. Hanyuma ugomba gutegereza iminota 15 kugeza kuri 20 kugeza igihe imboni yawe yagutse neza.

3. Muganga azakoresha urumuri rwihariye kugira ngo asuzume imbere mu jisho ryawe, cyane cyane rétine. Ibi bizafasha gusuzuma indwara iyo ari yo yose y'amaso cyangwa ibindi bibazo.

Iyo cornea imaze kwaguka nyuma yo gukoresha uyu muti, amaso ashobora kwangirika gato ku mucyo mu gihe cy'amasaha make, bivuze ko bishobora kugorana kureba izuba cyangwa amatara yaka. Niyo mpamvu abaganga bakugira inama yo kwambara indorerwamo z'izuba. Biragoye gutwara imodoka muri iki gihe, bityo ni byiza kugira umuntu ukujyana.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura ibi?

Ubuvuzi bugenwa hashingiwe ku kibazo cy'amaso n'icyo kureba urimo guhura nacyo.

Hari igihe, iyo amaso yawe atabona neza, ushobora gukenera gukoresha amatara menshi cyane mu mirimo yo mu rugo, gusoma, cyangwaGukoresha igikoresho gikuza amaso bishobora gufasha. Muganga wawe ashobora kandi kukugira inama yo kujya usuzuma amaso buri gihe kugira ngo akurikirane uko umerewe.

Indorerwamo z'amaso, ibikoresho byo mu maso, ibindi bikoresho byongera ubushobozi bwo kureba , cyangwa kubaga amaso neza bishobora kugufasha kureba neza. Ibi bishobora kunoza ubuzima bwawe n'ubwisanzure bwawe.

Ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe byoroheje bishobora koroherwa n'ibitonyanga mu maso n'amarira y'ubukorano .

Uburyo bwo kuvura ibibazo bikomeye by'amaso

Ku ndwara z'amaso zikomeye cyane ziterwa n'izabukuru, inzobere mu by'amaso ishobora kukugira inama y'ibintu nk'ibi:

• Ubuvuzi bufasha mu kutabona neza cyangwa kuvura indwara zo mu mutwe.
• Umuti (uterwa mu kanwa cyangwa uterwa mu inshinge).
• Inyongeramusaruro: Urugero, inyongeramusaruro yihariye yitwa AREDS2 ifasha mu kugenzura ubusembwa bwo kutabona ku bantu bafite ikibazo cyo kwangirika k'amaso kijyanye n'imyaka (AMD).
• Kubaga amaso: Kubaga bishobora gukorwa ku ndwara nka Glaucoma, Cataracts, cyangwa Retinal Detachment.

Bigenda bite iyo mfite ikibazo cy'amaso gishingiye ku myaka?

Kenshi na kenshi, umuganga w'amaso ashobora kugufasha kubungabunga cyangwa kunoza icyerekezo cyawe. Ariko, zimwe mu ndwara, nka glaucoma, ntizishobora gusubiza inyuma ibyangiritse zitera. Bityo rero, ganira na muganga wawe ku buryo bwo gucunga ibimenyetso byawe no guhangana n'ikibazo cyo kutabona neza. Bashobora kukwemerera ubufasha n'inkunga.

Ni gute wakwirinda ibibazo by'amaso bifitanye isano n'izabukuru?

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane ugomba gukora kugira ngo wirinde ibibazo by'amaso no kurinda amaso yawe n'amaso yawe ni ugusuzuma amaso yawe buri gihe . Ibi ni ingenzi cyane cyane niba ufite izindi ndwara, nka diyabete. Nubwo waba utabonye impinduka nini mu maso yawe cyangwa nta bimenyetso ufite, jya kwa muganga w'amaso buri gihe.

Ishuri Rikuru ry’Abanyamerika ry’Ubuvuzi bw’Amaso rikugira inama yo gusuzumisha amaso yawe na muganga w’amaso nibura rimwe mu mwaka nyuma y’imyaka 50. Baza muganga wawe inshuro wagombye gusuzumisha amaso yawe.

Ni gute nakwita ku maso yanjye no ku kureba neza?

Hari ibintu ushobora gukora kugira ngo urinde amaso yawe kandi wirinde ko yangirika:

• Kurya ibiryo bifite intungamubiri: Kurya imbuto n'imboga nyinshi buri munsi bizaguha amaso yawe n'amaso yawe intungamubiri akeneye. Kurya amafi (nk'amafi ya salmon, mackerel, na herring) n'imbuto (nk'amande na walnuts) zirimo aside irike ya 'Omega-3' na 'Omega-6' ni byiza cyane ku buzima bw'amaso.
• Menya amateka y'indwara z'amaso mu muryango wawe: Indwara zimwe na zimwe z'amaso zishobora kugaragara mu miryango, bityo niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe wagize ibibazo by'amaso, ni ngombwa kubimenyesha muganga wawe.
• Kugenzura diyabete n'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso: Iyo izi ndwara zidakemuwe, zishobora gutera ibibazo by'amaso.
• Ambara indorerwamo z'izuba n'ingofero nini: Rinda amaso yawe imirasire yangiza ya ultraviolet (UV). Iyi mirasire yongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'amaso.
• Reka kunywa itabi: Kunywa itabi byongera cyane ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'amaso nka cataract na AMD. Kureka kunywa itabi bishobora kugabanya ibi byago. Saba muganga wawe ubufasha kuri ibi.

Ni ryari nkwiye gushaka ubuvuzi bwihutirwa?

Niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso mu buryo butunguranye, hita ubonana na muganga w'amaso, cyangwa ujye mu ishami ryita ku bibazo byihutirwa mu bitaro:

• Kutabona neza mu buryo butunguranye.
• Gutangira kubona mu buryo bubiri (`Double vision`).
• Igikomere cyo mu jisho.
• Ububabare bukomeye bw'amaso.
• Utangiye kubona ibintu birebire cyangwa urumuri imbere y'amaso.
• Gutukura kw'ijisho cyangwa kubyimba kw'ijisho.
• Gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba butunguranye.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka

Ni ibisanzwe ko amaso yawe ahinduka uko ugenda usaza. Ushobora gusanga bigoye gutwara imodoka nijoro, cyangwa bigatwara igihe kirekire kwibanda ku bintu biri hafi. Ariko, kwipimisha amaso buri gihe bitangwa na muganga w’amaso bishobora kugufasha gukomeza kubona neza no kugira ubuzima bwiza bw’amaso. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane cyane niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe warwaye indwara z’amaso. Niba ibibazo by’amaso bifitanye isano n’izabukuru byagaragaye hakiri kare, bishobora kuvurwa neza. Hanyuma ushobora kubona iyi si nziza neza igihe kirekire. Ntugatinye, menya neza, kandi ufate ingamba zikwiye.

Ibibazo by'amaso bifitanye isano n'imyaka , indwara ya kataract, glaucoma, kwangirika kwa macular, presbyopia, ubuzima bw'amaso, kutabona neza