Ese wigeze wumva umuntu avuga ati “Amazi yahagaritse kuva amaraso ” mu gihe cyo kubagwa? Cyangwa wigeze ubona umuganga ashyira igikoresho gito muri ako gace kugira ngo akureho ikintu nk'ikibyimba cyangwa ikibyimba? Ubu buryo bwo kuvura, buteye ubwoba gato iyo wumvise izina, bwitwa ‘Electrosurgery’ mu buvuzi. Nubwo iri zina rishobora kumvikana nk'ikintu gikomeye, mu by'ukuri ni uburyo bukoreshwa cyane kandi bwizewe mu kubaga hirya no hino ku isi. Reka tubiganireho neza kandi mu buryo bworoshye uyu munsi.
Mu magambo make, Electrosurgery ni iki?
Kubaga hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi ni uburyo bwo kubaga bukoresha amashanyarazi menshi kugira ngo buce ingingo, busenye ingingo zidakenewe, cyangwa buhagarike kuva amaraso (gufungana). Muri ubu buryo, amashanyarazi akorwa n'imashini yitwa ``Electrosurgical Unit (ESU)`` yoherezwa ku gikoresho gito gisa n'ikaramu (electrode) muganga akoresha. Iyo amashanyarazi ava muri iki gikoresho yerekejwe ahantu havurwa, ubushyuhe burakorwa uko amashanyarazi anyura mu ngingo.
Tekereza nk'icyuma gishyushya amazi, ariko icyo gishyushya hano ni agace gato cyane k'ingingo mu mubiri wacu.
Ubushyuhe buterwa muri ubu buryo bwangiza iyo mitsi idakenewe. Ariko iyi ndwara ni yo idufasha. Dukoresheje ubu buryo, dushobora gukuraho udukoko n'uduheri tudakenewe ku ruhu. Bukoreshwa kandi mu gufunga imitsi mito y'amaraso icibwa mu gihe cyo kubagwa no guhagarika kuva amaraso. Hari igihe bikorwa nk'uburyo bwo kuvura bwonyine, ubundi bigakorwa hamwe n'ubundi buryo bwo kuvura.
Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bw'ubuvuzi bw'amashanyarazi?
Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'ubu buryo bwagenewe gukwiranye n'ibikenewe bitandukanye. Reka turebe ibyo ari byo.
| Ubwoko bw'ubuvuzi bw'amashanyarazi | Ni iki kibaho gusa |
|---|---|
| Guhuza amashanyarazi | Muri ibi, agace k'icyuma ntigashyirwa ku ruhu neza. Gashyirwa hejuru ya milimetero nke kandi gakoresha umuriro w'amashanyarazi mu kuvura igice cyo hejuru cy'uruhu gusa. |
| Gutunganya amashanyarazi | Aha ngaha, agace k'icyuma gashyirwa ahantu havurwa. Uko amashanyarazi anyura, yumisha ingirangingo muri ako gace kakangirika. Ibi bikoreshwa mu gukuraho uduce duto tw'uruhu n'uduheri. |
| Gukoresha amashanyarazi mu gufungana kw'amaraso | Ubu buryo bushobora kwangiza cyane ingingo. Bukoreshwa cyane cyane mu guhagarika kuva amaraso, ni ukuvuga mu gutuma amaraso yibumba. |
| Gucamo amashanyarazi | Ibi bimeze nk'icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi. Gikoreshwa mu gukata no gutandukanya ibitambaro neza kandi neza. Bamwe bavuga ko ari "nk'uko bakata amavuta bakoresheje icyuma gishyushye." |
Ese gukoresha amashanyarazi mu gukaraba hari ikindi kintu gitandukanye?
Yego, ` electrocautery` ni uburyo butandukanye gato. Mu kubaga hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi, amashanyarazi anyura mu ngingo z'umubiri. Ariko muri electrocautery , amashanyarazi anyura mu ngingo z'igikoresho gusa. Bityo umutwe w'igikoresho urashyuha. Hanyuma, iyo uwo mutwe ushyushye ukoze ku ngingo, ubushyuhe butaziguye burasenya ingingo cyangwa bugahagarika kuva amaraso. Mu buryo bworoshye, mu gihe kimwe, amashanyarazi anyura mu ngingo, mu kindi, hakoreshwa igikoresho gishyushye.
Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibibazo ubu buryo bukoreshwa?
Kubaga hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi ni ikintu gikoreshwa mu nzego nyinshi z'ubuvuzi.
- Ubuvuzi bw'uruhu: Abaganga b'uruhu bakunze gukoresha ubu buryo. Bugira akamaro cyane mu gukuraho ibisebe bidakomeye nk'uduheri n'udutambaro tw'uruhu . Bunakoreshwa mu kuvura ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa kanseri y'uruhu . Urugero, muri gahunda ya ED&C (Electrodessication & Curettage), muganga abanza gukuraho ikibyimba cya kanseri hanyuma agakoresha amashanyarazi kugira ngo asenye uturemangingo twa kanseri dusigaye.
- Izindi mbaga: Ibi ni ingenzi mu zindi mbaga, cyane cyane izikoresha endoscopi (ibizamini hakoreshejwe kamera kugira ngo harebwe imbere mu mubiri), gukuraho ingingo zidakenewe (urugero: ibibyimba bito) cyangwa kugenzura kuva amaraso .
Ni iki kibaho mu gihe cyo kuvurwa?
Ubwa mbere, uzahabwa umuti wo kugabanya ububabare kugira ngo ushyireho ibisebe ahantu havurwa, cyangwa ushobora kuba warahawe ikinya burundu. Ibikurikiraho biterwa niba ufite `monopolar` cyangwa `bipolar`.
Kubaga hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi ya monopolar
Ubu ni bwo buryo bukunze gukoreshwa cyane. “Mono” bisobanura “umwe.” Aha, umutwe umwe gusa w’amashanyarazi ushyirwa ku mubiri wawe.
1. Amashanyarazi ava muri mashini ya ESU aza kuri electrode ikora (igikoresho gisa n'ikaramu kiri mu ntoki za muganga).
2. Aya mashanyarazi anyura mu ngingo z'umubiri wawe agashyushya ako gace.
3. Hanyuma amashanyarazi anyura mu mubiri akajya kuri "grounding pad" (electrode dispersive) ifatanye n'itako ryawe cyangwa ahandi hantu.
4. Amaherezo, amashanyarazi ava kuri iyo pad yo hasi asubira kuri mashini ya ESU, arangiza urujya n'uruza.
Kubaga amashanyarazi mu bwonko
“Bi” bisobanura “ibiri.” Muri ibi, ingingo ebyiri za electrode zishyirwa ku mubiri wawe. Tekereza ko muganga afashe ingingo irimo kuvurwa n'igikoresho gisa n'ingufu.
1. Amashanyarazi yinjira mu ngirabuzimafatizo aturutse ku ruhande rumwe rwa electrode (electrode ikora).
2. Uwo muriro w'amashanyarazi unyura mu ntera ngufi cyane hanyuma ukajya ku rundi ruhande rwa electrode (electrode yo gusubiza).
3. Kuva aho, amashanyarazi asubira kuri mashini ya ESU, akarangiza urujya n'uruza.
Muri monopolar, amashanyarazi anyura intera ndende mu mubiri, mu gihe muri bipolar, anyura gusa mu gace gato cyane kari hagati y’impande ebyiri z’amashanyarazi. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwa bipolar ni bwiza ku bantu bafite ibikoresho by’umutima nka pacemaker cyangwa defibrillator.
Ni izihe nyungu z'ubu buryo?
Uburyo bwo kubaga hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi bufite inyungu nyinshi kurusha gukata gusa ukoresheje icyuma cyo gukata.
- Uburyo bwo kuvura bugamije: Nta kwangirika guke ku ngingo nzima zikikije.
- Inkovu zigabanuka: Inkovu ziterwa no gukuraho ingirangingo ziragabanuka.
- Umuvuduko: Kwangirika kw'ingingo (ablation) bishobora gukorwa vuba.
- Guhagarika kuva amaraso : Kuva amaraso bishobora guhagarikwa vuba cyane, bigabanya igihe umuntu amara mu kubaga.
Ese hari ingaruka cyangwa ibyago bishobora guterwa n'iyi ndwara?
Ubu buryo ni bwiza cyane iyo bukozwe n'umuganga w'inararibonye. Ariko, kimwe no mu bundi buryo bwose bwo kuvura, hari ingaruka zimwe na zimwe zishobora kubaho. Ariko, abaganga bafata ingamba zose kugira ngo bagabanye izo ngaruka.
- Ubushye: Iyo imbaraga z'amashanyarazi zisa n'aho ari nyinshi cyane, ubushye bushobora kubaho. Kugira ngo abaganga birinde ibi, buri gihe batangirana imbaraga nke zishoboka .
- Ihungabana ry'amashanyarazi: Iyo agakoresho ko hasi kadahujwe neza, ushobora kugira ihungabana ry'amashanyarazi. Ariko, amahirwe yo kuba ibi bibaho ni make cyane, kuko byose bigenzurwa neza mbere yo kuvurwa.
- Kwandura: Kwandura bishobora kubaho iyo ibikoresho bikoreshwa bitarasukurwa neza. Nanone, mikorobe zishobora gukwirakwira mu mwotsi ukorwa iyo ingingo zitwitswe. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abaganga bakoresha ibikoresho byasukuwe gusa kandi bagakora ubu buryo bwo kuvura mu byumba bifite uburyo bwo guhumeka umwotsi.
- Kuva amaraso:Hari igihe kwangirika kw'ingingo bishobora gutera kuva amaraso menshi kurusha uko byari byitezwe, ariko muganga ashobora kubigenzura ahindura imiterere y'imashini ya ESU.
- Guhindura ibara ry'uruhu: Nyuma yo kubagwa hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi, uruhu rushobora kuba rwera cyane mu gace kavuwe (hypopigmentation). Muganga wawe azagusobanurira mbere y'igihe niba hari ibyago byo kubyaza umusaruro bitewe n'ubuvuzi.
- Ibibazo ku bikoresho byashyizwemo: Nkuko byavuzwe mbere, uburyo bwa Monopolar bushobora kubangamira imikorere y'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga nka pacemakers na defibrillators. Niba ufite igikoresho nk'icyo, ugomba kubimenyesha muganga mbere yo kubagwa. Hanyuma bazaguhitiramo uburyo bwizewe kuri wewe.
Bizatwara igihe kingana iki kugira ngo umuntu akire?
Ibi biterwa n'imiterere y'ubuvuzi.
- Iyo ikintu kimeze nk'ikibyimba cyangwa ikibyimba kiri ku ruhu gikuweho, bizatwara icyumweru kimwe kugira ngo igikomere gikire.
- Iyo ari igikomere cyimbitse, bishobora gufata ibyumweru bibiri kugeza kuri bine cyangwa birenga.
Muganga azagusobanurira igihe cyo gukira akurikije uko umerewe.
Ni ryari ugomba kujya kwa muganga?
Nyuma yo kuvurwa, niba igisebe cyawe kiri kuva amaraso kandi kidahagaze nyuma y'iminota 20 y'umuvuduko uhoraho, hamagara muganga wawe ako kanya. Niba kuva amaraso ari menshi, jya mu bitaro bikuru by'ubutabazi bwihuse (ETU) by'ibitaro biri hafi yawe.
Nanone, niba igikomere gisa n'ikibyimba, hari ububabare bwinshi, cyangwa niba wumva kidakira nk'uko byari byitezwe, ntutinde kuvugana na muganga wawe.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Nubwo kubaga hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi bivuze 'gutwika hakoreshejwe umuriro', ni uburyo bwo kubaga bukoreshwa cyane kandi bukorwa mu buryo bugenzurwa cyane kandi bufite umutekano.
- Ikoreshwa mu gukuraho ibiheri n'ibibyimba by'uruhu, kuvura kanseri y'uruhu, no guhagarika kuva amaraso mu gihe cyo kubagwa.
- Ingaruka ziba nke cyane iyo zikozwe na muganga w’inararibonye. Hafatwa ingamba zihariye zo kwirinda ubushye n’indwara zandura.
- Niba ufite pacemaker, banza ubibwire muganga wawe mbere yo kuvurwa.
- Niba uhuye n'ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose mu gihe cyo gukira nyuma yo kuvurwa (kuva amaraso menshi, ibimenyetso by'ubwandu), hita ubonana na muganga wawe.
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