Ese ufite ibi bibazo by'amaso yawe? (Indwara z'amaso) Reka tubimenye!

Ese wigeze wumva ikintu kidasanzwe cyangwa kikubabaza mu maso? Ahari amaso yawe arababara, cyangwa wumva utabona neza nka mbere, cyangwa wenda amaso yawe atukura kandi afite amazi. Mu by'ukuri, ibi bintu bishobora guterwa n'indwara zitandukanye z'amaso. None rero uyu munsi, reka tuvuge ku ndwara z'amaso, cyangwa mu buryo bw'ubuvuzi, "Indwara z'amaso", n'uburyo bwo kuzifata. Nta kintu cyo gutinya, icy'ingenzi ni ukumenya ibi.

Indwara z'amaso ni iki?

Mu magambo make, indwara z'amaso ni indwara iyo ari yo yose ifata amaso yawe cyangwa ibice biyakikije. Zimwe muri zo zihita zikira vuba (indwara z''ako kanya''). Urugero, indwara z'amaso. Ariko, hari indwara zimwe na zimwe zitangira mu buryo butunguranye, ariko zishobora kumara igihe kirekire (indwara z''akarande').

Indwara nyinshi z'amaso ziboneka mu mboni y'ijisho. Ariko, si ibyo gusa. Izi ndwara zishobora no kugira ingaruka ku mitsi ijyana amaso yawe, aho amaso anyura, ku jisho, cyangwa ku ruhu n'imitsi ikikije amaso yawe. Tekereza, rimwe na rimwe ndetse n'ikibyimba ku jisho ryawe gishobora gufatwa nk'indwara y'amaso.

Indwara z'amaso zikunze kugaragara gute?

Mu by’ukuri, indwara z’amaso n’ubumuga bwo kutabona ni ibintu bikunze kugaragara . Nk’uko bivugwa n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima, abantu barenga miliyari 2.2 ku isi barwaye indwara yo kutabona cyangwa ubuhumyi.

Impamvu imwe ituma indwara z'amaso zikunze kugaragara cyane ni uko amaso yacu atari kure y'indi mibiri yacu. Mu by'ukuri, indwara z'amaso zishobora kuba zifitanye isano n'indwara zigira ingaruka ku zindi ngingo mu mubiri wacu. Ibi bivuze ko ibibazo biri ahandi mu mubiri wawe bishobora no kugira ingaruka ku maso yawe. Urugero, umuntu urwaye diyabete (`Diabetes Mellitus`) ashobora kugira ibibazo by'amaso. Niyo mpamvu hari indwara amagana zigira ingaruka ku maso.

Ni izihe ndwara z'amaso zikunze kugaragara cyane?

Hari indwara nyinshi zisanzwe z'amaso zigaragara ku isi yose:

• Indwara z'amaso: Ushobora kuba warigeze kubyumva. Indwara z'amaso ni igihe imboni iri imbere mu jisho iba irimo ibicu. Ibi bituma kureba bigabanuka buhoro buhoro.
• Amakosa yo kugarura urumuri: Iki ni igihe ijisho ridashobora gushyira urumuri neza.
• Astigmatisme: Iyi ni indwara aho imiterere y'ijisho cyangwa cornea iba itandukanye gato, bigatuma umuntu atabona neza.
• Myopia: Kureba hafi: Ibintu biri hafi bisa n'ibigaragara neza, ariko ibintu biri kure bisa n'ibidasobanutse neza.
• Kureba hafi (Hyperopia): Muri iki kibazo, nubwo ibintu biri kure bishobora kugaragara, ibintu biri hafi, nk'ibitabo cyangwa ibinyamakuru, ntibigaragara neza.
• Presbyopia (kureba hafi) ibaho ku bantu benshi bamaze imyaka 40. Biragoye kubona ibintu byegereye.
• Glaucoma:Iyi ni indwara aho umuvuduko w'ijisho wiyongera, ukangiza imitsi y'amaso. Iyi ni indwara ishobora gutuma umuntu atabona neza, bityo ni ngombwa kuyimenya hakiri kare.
• Kugabanuka k'amashusho ajyanye n'imyaka (AMD): Iyi ni indwara aho igice cyo hagati cya retina y'ijisho cyangirika, bigatuma kureba biba bibi kandi bihindagurika iyo urebye neza.
• Indwara ya retina iterwa na diyabete: Ku bantu barwaye diyabete, iyo isukari mu maraso idagenzuwe, imiyoboro y'amaraso mu maso ishobora kwangirika, bigatuma umuntu atabona neza.

Byongeye kandi, imvune z'amaso ni zo mpamvu ikomeye itera ububabare bwo kutabona. Niyo mpamvu abahanga biga izi mvune nk'indwara, kugira ngo babone uburyo bwiza bwo kuzirinda no kuzivura.

Kanseri z'amaso n'ibibyimba ntabwo bikunze kugaragara cyane. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe birashobora kugaragara. Gusuzuma amaso buri gihe bishobora kugufasha kubimenya hakiri kare. Ku bw'amahirwe, inyinshi muri izi kanseri ntabwo ari kanseri (ifite ingaruka mbi). Ibyo bivuze ko atari mbi. Ariko, ndetse n'ibibyimba nk'ibyo rimwe na rimwe bigomba gukurwaho kugira ngo hirindwe kwangiza ingingo zikikije.

Indwara z'amaso zishyirwa mu byiciro bite?

Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo gushyira indwara z'amaso mu byiciro. Reka turebe zimwe muri zo z'ingenzi:

1. Dukurikije igice cy'ijisho cyafashwe: Ni ukuvuga niba indwara ifata indorerwamo, retina, cyangwa imitsi y'amaso.

2. Bitewe n'impamvu nyamukuru: Hari indwara zimwe zitangirira mu jisho ubwaryo (`Indwara z'amaso z'ibanze`). Hari izindi ndwara zigira ingaruka ku jisho nyuma bitewe n'indwara iri ahandi mu mubiri (`Indwara z'amaso z'ibanze`). Urugero, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso (`umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso`) ushobora kugira ingaruka ku maso.

3. Ibimenyetso n'ingaruka: Ni ukuvuga, ni ibihe bimenyetso iyi ndwara itera n'imikorere yo mu jisho ihungabanye.

4. Igihe kimaze: Ibintu bimwe na bimwe nk'indwara z'amaso birakira mu minsi mike (`acute`). Ariko, zimwe mu ndwara nka glaucoma zishobora kumara amezi, imyaka, cyangwa se ubuzima bwose (`chronic`).

Iyo tuvuze ku ndwara z'amaso, hari itandukaniro rito hagati y'amagambo "kubona" ​​na "kureba" .

• Kureba: Ibi bitangira iyo urumuri rwinjiye mu jisho runyuze mu mboni y'ijisho, rukarangira iyo ruguye kuri retina. Mu magambo make, ni ubushobozi bw'ijisho bwo gukora ishusho.
• Iyerekwa: Ibi ni byinshi cyane kuruta ibyo. Bikubiyemo intambwe zose zikoreshwa mu kureba. Bikubiyemo kandi uburyo uturemangingo tw’imitsi yacu dutunganya ibyo bimenyetso by’amaso tukabihindura ibyo tubona.

Nubwo abantu benshi, ndetse n'inzobere, bakoresha aya magambo abiri icyarimwe, si ko buri gihe aba ari ikintu kimwe. Indwara zijyanye na "Kureba" zihariye ku maso. Ariko, indwara zijyanye na "Kureba" zishobora no kugera ku bwonko n'imitsi y'amaso. Niyo mpamvu zimwe mu ndwara zishobora gutera ububabare bwo kureba nubwo amaso yaba ameze neza.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'indwara z'amaso?

Indwara z'amaso zishobora kugira ibimenyetso byinshi. Ibi bishobora kuza mu buryo butandukanye:

• Ibintu wumva:
• Kubabara amaso
• Gushya, kuribwa no kubabara mu maso
• Kubabara amaso
• Impinduka mu mikorere y'amaso:
• Gutanyagura amaso kenshi (epiphora)
• Kugorwa no kugenzura guhumeka
• Impinduka mu miterere y'amaso:
• Ibara ry'umuhondo ry'amaso y'umweru (scleral icterus) - Iki gishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'indwara nk'umuhondo w'umuhondo.
• Ubutukura bw'amaso
• Uduce tw'umukara mu jisho, bivuze ko impande zombi ari nto cyane (miosis)
• Impinduka mu mikorere y'amaso cyangwa aho ahagaze:
• Amaso ntabwo yerekeza mu cyerekezo kimwe, ijisho rimwe rihindukirira inyuma cyangwa imbere (`exotropia` cyangwa `esotropia`) - ibi nabyo tubyita kunyuranya.
• Impinduka mu buryo ubona:
• Kubona ibintu bibiri icyarimwe (diplopia)
• Kureba nabi
• Nk'aho ureba mu muyoboro w'amazi, ukabona hagati gusa utabonye ibiwukikije (`tunnel vision`)
• Ubushobozi bwo kongera ubushobozi bwo kumva urumuri
• Kutabona neza nijoro

Icy'ingenzi: Niba ukomeje kugira kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bimenyetso, menya neza ko wagiye kwa muganga w'amaso. Ntukabirengagize.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera indwara z'amaso?

Hari impamvu nyinshi zitera indwara z'amaso. Zimwe ni impamvu zitaziguye, izindi zikaba ari impamvu zongera ibyago.

• Genetics: 'DNA' yacu niyo igena uko amaso yacu akura n'uko akora. Bityo, indwara nyinshi z'amaso zishobora kuvuka bitewe n'impinduka ('mutations') muri 'DNA'. Urugero, hari abantu bavukana 'ubuhumyi bw'amabara'.
• Impinduka uko amaso akura kandi agakura: Izi mpinduka zishobora gutangira ukiri mu nda ya nyoko uri uruhinja, cyangwa zishobora no kubaho mu bwana bwawe.
• Ibintu bidukikije: Indwara z'amaso zishobora guterwa n'ibintu bitukikije. Hari ibintu byinshi bishobora kugira ingaruka kuri ibi, nko guhura n'urumuri rwinshi rw'imirasire ya ultraviolet, ivumbi mu kirere, ubushuhe n'ubushyuhe.
• Indwara zandura: Indwara z'amaso zishobora guterwa n'ubwoko butandukanye bw'udukoko - virusi, bagiteri, ibihumyo, n'udukoko. Ibi bishobora kwanduza ijisho mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa bigakwirakwira mu jisho bivuye ahandi mu mubiri.
• Izindi ndwara zidakira: Indwara nyinshi zigira ingaruka ku mubiri wose zishobora no gutera ibibazo mu maso. Urugero, harimo umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso (hypertension), diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2, na zimwe mu ndwara za tiroyide.
• Ibikomere byo mu maso byabanje:Hari igihe kwangirika kw'amaso bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'amaso mu gihe kizaza.
• Impamvu zishingiye ku bumenyi bw’imitekerereze: "Idiopathic" bivuze ko impamvu itazwi. Ibi bivuze ko n'abahanga bashobora kutabasha kubona impamvu nyayo (nubwo ibi bishobora guhinduka uko igihe kigenda gihita).

Ni gute wasuzuma indwara z'amaso?

Inzobere mu by'amaso (cyangwa inzobere mu by'amaso) cyangwa undi muvuzi w'amaso ashobora gukoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo gusuzuma indwara z'amaso. Igikoresho cy'ingenzi kandi cy'ibanze cyo gusuzuma izi ndwara ni isuzuma ry'amaso . Abantu benshi batekereza ko iki ari ikizamini cyo kureba uko ubona neza (ubuhanga bwo kureba), ariko si ko bimeze.

Ni byiza ko umuntu apimwa amaso nibura rimwe mu mwaka, nk'uko tugenzura ubuzima bwe muri rusange. Niba ufite ibimenyetso by'indwara y'amaso, muganga wawe ashobora no gukora ibizamini byihariye. Bimwe mu bikorwa mu gihe cyo gusuzuma amaso, nko kwagura amaso no gupima itara rito (ikirahure cyihariye gitanga ubushobozi bwo kureba imbere y'ijisho ryawe), bishobora gufasha cyane mu gusuzuma indwara.

Inzobere mu by'amaso ishobora kukugira inama yo gupima amaso mu bundi buryo bwihariye. Bimwe muri byo birimo:

• Igipimo cya fluorescein angiography: Ibi bikubiyemo gutera amazi yihariye mu mitsi iri mu kuboko no gufata amafoto y'imitsi y'amaraso iri mu jisho.
• Tonometry: Ibi bipima umuvuduko w'ijisho. Ibi ni ingenzi mu gusuzuma indwara nka glaucoma.
• Gufata amashusho y'ijisho: Amafoto ya retina iri inyuma y'ijisho afatwa.
• Imiterere y'imiterere y'ijisho: Ubuso bw'ijisho, igice cy'imbere cy'ijisho kibonerana, bufatwa nk'ikarita.
• Isuzuma ry'ijisho rijyanye n'imiterere y'ijisho (OCT): Ibi ni nk'isuzuma rya ultrasound ry'ijisho. Rishobora gufata amashusho y'ibice by'ijisho.

Hari ibindi bizamini bitari iby’amaso, ariko bishobora gufasha:

• Ibipimo by'amaraso: Ibi bishobora gusuzuma ibibazo by'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, ubwandu, cyangwa ADN n'ibipimo by'uturemangingo.
• Ibizamini bya `Ishusho`: Ibintu nka `Ultrasound`, `CT scans` (Computed Tomography), na `MRI` (Magnetic Resonance Imaging).
• Ibizamini by'imitsi: Ibizamini bisesengura imikorere y'ubwonko, nka `Electroencephalogram (EEG).`

Niba umuganga wawe w’amaso cyangwa undi muganga agusabye ibindi bipimo nk’ibi, azakubwira byinshi ku byo ari byo n’uko byagufasha.

Indwara z'amaso zivurwa zite?

Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara z'amaso buratandukanye nk'uko ubwoko bw'indwara bumera. Hari uburyo bwo kuvura bufasha mu ndwara zitandukanye. Hari ubundi buryo bwihariye, bivuze ko bwagenewe indwara runaka gusa.

Amakosa yo kuvura amaso ni indwara zikunze kugaragara mu maso. Ubusanzwe biroroshye kuyavura. Ubuhanga bwo kureba bushobora kongerwa ukoresheje indorerwamo cyangwa indorerwamo .

Ubundi buryo busanzwe bwo kuvura ni:

• Kubaga neza amaso: Cyane cyane kubaga hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya laser, urugero nko kubaga LASIK.
• Kubagwa amaso: nko kubagwa isura y'amaso (cataract) no kubagwa isura y'amaso (glaucoma).
• Imiti: Ibi bishobora kuba ibitonyanga by'amaso, ibinini, cyangwa inshinge.

Kubera ko hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kuvura butandukanye kandi buri muntu asubiza mu buryo butandukanye, inzobere mu by'amaso ni we muntu mwiza wo kukubwira uburyo bwo kuvura bukubereye. Azakubwira kandi ingaruka mbi n'ingorane zikomoka ku buryo bwo kuvura.

Ese indwara z'amaso zishobora kwirindwa?

Indwara zimwe na zimwe z'amaso zishobora kwirindwa burundu . Izindi zishobora kugabanuka mu byago . Ariko, indwara nyinshi z'amaso zikura mu buryo butunguranye, bityo ntibishoboka kuzirinda cyangwa ngo bigabanye ibyago byazo.

Hari ibintu byinshi muri rusange ushobora gukora kugira ngo amaso yawe akomeze kuba mazima:

• Suzuma amaso buri gihe: Nubwo waba utambaye indorerwamo, ugomba kwisuzumisha amaso nibura rimwe mu mwaka cyangwa ibiri. Niba ufite izindi ndwara zongera ibyago byo kurwara amaso (nk'indwara ya diyabete), ushobora gukenera gusuzumisha amaso yawe kenshi.
• Ambara uburinzi bw'amaso: Gukomereka mu maso, mu maso no mu mutwe bishobora gutera ibibazo by'amaso igihe kirekire no kwangirika. Ambara indorerwamo z'umutekano zijyanye n'ubwoko bw'akazi cyangwa imikino yawe. Indorerwamo zisanzwe ntizitanga ubwo burinzi.
• Irinde gukoresha nikotine: Kunywa itabi, kunywa inzoga, no kunywa itabi ridafite umwotsi byose bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'amaraso, cyane cyane imiyoboro y'amaraso itanga amaraso mu maso.
• Ntukirengagize indwara z'amaso: Niba ufite indwara y'amaso imara iminsi irenga mike, gana muganga. Iyo itavuwe, ibi bishobora kuba ibibazo bikomeye kandi bigatera kwangirika burundu cyangwa izindi ngorane.
• Ntukirengagize ibimenyetso by'amaso: Iyo ubonye impinduka buhoro buhoro mu kureba kwawe, ni ikimenyetso cy'uko ugomba kubonana n'inzobere mu by'amaso kugira ngo agupime amaso. Iyo kureba kwawe guhinduka mu buryo butunguranye kandi butunguranye - cyane cyane iyo utakaje kureba - ni ikibazo cyihutirwa cy'ubuvuzi.
• Shyira imbere imirire ikwiye:Amaso yawe akeneye vitamine n'imyunyungugu runaka kugira ngo akore neza. Shyiramo imboga rwatsi, imbuto n'amafi mu mirire yawe.
• Kugera ku buremere bwiza kandi ukomeze kugira ubuzima bwiza: Ubuzima bwawe muri rusange bugira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bw'amaso yawe. Inzobere mu by'amaso cyangwa umuganga w'umuryango wawe arashobora kugufasha kumenya uburyo bwiza bwo gucunga ubuzima bwawe muri rusange ku bw'inyungu z'amaso yawe.

Ni izihe ndwara z'amaso zikunze kugaragara ku bana?

Indwara nyinshi z'amaso zifata abantu bakuru zishobora no gufata abana. Zimwe mu ndwara zikunze kugaragara ni izi:

• Strabismus: Ibi kandi byitwa gushinyagura ijisho. Ijisho rimwe rishobora kwerekezwa imbere, inyuma, hejuru, cyangwa hasi.
• Ijisho ry'ubunebwe (amblyopia): Iki ni igihe kureba mu jisho rimwe kudakura neza. Ubwonko bukunda gukundisha irindi jisho cyane, bigatuma ijisho ridafite imbaraga rihinduka "iry'ubunebwe".
• `Retinoblastoma`: Iyi ni kanseri idakunze kugaragara igaragara mu jisho mu bwana.
• Coloboma: Iyi ni indwara aho igice cy'ijisho kibura igihe cyo kuvuka.
• Ibibazo by'imiyoboro y'amarira: Urugero, umuyoboro w'amarira wazibye cyangwa wanduye (dacryocystitis).

Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi ku ndwara nyinshi zo mu bwana, nka strabismus (amaso afatanye) na amblyopia (amaso y'ubunebwe), ni uko akenshi byoroshye kandi bifite akamaro kuvura akiri muto. Niba ukeka ko hari umwana muto urera ufite imwe muri izi ndwara z'amaso, vugana na muganga w'abana w'umwana cyangwa undi muganga. Muganga ashobora kugufasha kumenya niba indwara ihari, kandi niba ukeneye ibindi bipimo cyangwa ubuvuzi, akakugira inama y'icyo wakora nyuma.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka

Nubwo indwara z'amaso zikunze kugaragara, ni ibisanzwe kumva ubabaye kandi ukumva utameze neza iyo umenye ko ufite indwara. Ubwoko n'uburemere bw'izi ndwara biratandukanye cyane. Ariko, inyinshi muri zo zishobora kuvurwa, ndetse zimwe zishobora no gukira burundu.

Ni ngombwa ko ujya usuzuma amaso yawe buri gihe. Ibi bishobora gufasha kumenya ubwoko bw'indwara hakiri kare, akenshi bigatuma ubuvuzi bworoha.

Niba ufite ikibazo cyangwa impungenge ku bijyanye n'amaso yawe, ntutindiganye kujya kwa muganga w'amaso. Bashobora kuguha ubuyobozi, inkunga, n'ihumure ukeneye kugira ngo uhangane n'ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose ushobora guhura nacyo. Kurinda amaso yawe biri mu biganza byawe.

Indwara z'amaso , ubumuga bwo kutabona, kataract, glaucoma, retinopathy ya diyabete, isuzuma ry'amaso, ubwirinzi bw'amaso, indwara z'amaso z'abana