Ese amaso yawe na yo ababara? Reka twige ku ndwara z'amaso!

Ese wigeze ugira amaso atukura, asharira, cyangwa afite amazi? Tekereza ukuntu bishobora kubabaza iyo ikintu nk'iki kibaye. Hari igihe bishobora kuba ikintu cyoroshye, ariko hari igihe bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'indwara y'amaso. Uyu munsi rero turaganira kuri izi ndwara z'amaso, kimwe no kuganira n'inshuti.

Mu by'ukuri indwara y'amaso ni iki?

Mu magambo make, indwara y'amaso ni indwara y'ijisho ryawe iterwa n'uturemangingo duto - bagiteri, virusi cyangwa fungus. Ishobora kugira ingaruka ku gice icyo ari cyo cyose cy'ijisho. Hari igihe, amaso, igice cy'umweru cy'ijisho (cyitwa conjunctiva), cyangwa igice gisobanutse kiri hejuru y'ijisho ry'umukara (cyitwa cornea) bishobora kwandura.

Ubwandu bw'amaso bukunze kugaragara muri twe ni icyo bita "indwara y'amaso" , mu buvuzi , conjunctivitis . Ibi ahanini biterwa na virusi. Ariko bishobora no guterwa na bagiteri. Icy'ingenzi ni uko imiti dutanga yo kuvura indwara za virusi idakora. Antibiyotike itangwa gusa ku ndwara za bagiteri.

Izi ndwara z'amaso zishobora gufata ijisho rimwe gusa cyangwa yombi. Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe zidakomeye kandi zizashira mu minsi mike. Ariko, zimwe zishobora kuba zikomeye ku buryo zisaba ubuvuzi bwihutirwa , kandi iyo zitavuwe neza, zishobora no gutuma utabona neza . Kubwibyo, si byiza gufata ikintu gito mu gihe ugeze ku maso yawe.

Indwara z'amaso zikunze kugaragara gute?

Mu by’ukuri indwara zo mu maso zikunze kugaragara cyane. Nk’uko raporo zimwe na zimwe zibivuga, abantu bagera kuri miliyoni muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bonyine bajya kwa muganga cyangwa kwa muganga buri mwaka kubera indwara zo mu maso. Ibi bishobora kugaragara mu gihugu cyacu ku rugero runaka cyangwa ruto. Izi ndwara zikunze kugaragara cyane cyane mu bantu bambara "contact lenses" , kuko iyo zidasukuwe neza cyangwa zikoreshejwe neza, mikorobe zishobora kwinjira mu maso byoroshye.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'indwara z'amaso zikunze kugaragara cyane?

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'indwara z'amaso. Reka turebe bumwe muri bwo:

• Blepharitis: Iki ni cyo gihe impande z'amaso yawe, aho amaso yawe atangira, zibyimba, zigatukura, rimwe na rimwe zikagira utubyimba duto. Bishobora kugorana gato kandi ukumva amaso yawe arimo gushwanyagurika.
• Selulite: Iyi ni indwara ifata uturemangingo tw’uruhu dukikije ijisho. Agace gakikije ijisho gashobora gutukura, kubyimba, no kumva ubushyuhe.
• Dacryocystite: Iri ni izina ridasanzwe, si byo se? Iri ni indwara iri mu gafuka kawe k'amarira. Amarira yacu ava mu jisho hanyuma akajya mu mazuru. Iyo uyu muyoboro ufunze, amarira ntava neza, kandi mikorobe zishobora kwirundanya mu gafuka k'amarira zikandura.
• Indwara y'amaso (conjunctivitis):Twavuze kuri ibi mbere. Amaso ahinduka umutuku, agashya, kandi agahinduka ibicurane. Bishobora guterwa na virusi, bagiteri, cyangwa allergie.
• Endophthalmitis: Iyi ni indwara ikomeye cyane imbere mu jisho . Ikunze kubaho nyuma yo kubagwa ijisho (nk'uko byabazwe cataract cyangwa guterwa cornea) cyangwa nyuma yo gukomereka bikomeye mu jisho. Ibi ni ibintu byihutirwa kandi bisaba kuvurwa byihutirwa.
• Stye/Hordeolum: Iki ni ikibyimba gito kandi kibabaza kigaragara ku nkengero z'ijisho. Kigaragara nk'ikibyimba. Giterwa n'ubwandu buri mu nsi y'ijisho.
• Uveitis: Iki ni ukubyimba (kubyimba) kwa uvea, akaba ari ururenda ruri imbere mu jisho. Ijisho rishobora gutukura, kubabara, kugorwa no kubona mu mucyo mwinshi, no kutabona neza.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'indwara y'amaso?

Niba ufite ubwandu bw'amaso, ijisho ryawe rizasa kandi rimere mu buryo butandukanye n'uko bisanzwe. Bimwe mu bimenyetso bya mbere ni ibi bikurikira:

• Gutukura kw'amaso: Iki ni cyo kimenyetso cya mbere kigaragara.
• Amaso asharira cyangwa ashyushye: Kumva utameze neza, nk'aho hari ikintu kiri mu jisho.
• Ububabare bw'amaso: Hari igihe bushobora kuba ububabare buto, ubundi bukaba ububabare bukabije.
• Amazi atemba mu maso: bitandukanye n'amarira gusa.
• Kubyimba amaso: Ijisho cyangwa agace gakikije ijisho bishobora kubyimba.

Uko iminsi igenda ihita, cyangwa iyo ubwandu burushijeho gukomera, ushobora no kugira ibimenyetso nk'ibi:

• Amaso cyangwa amashyira mu maso: Amaso ashobora kuba afite umuhondo kandi akomeye. Amaso yawe ashobora no kuba afashe iyo ukangutse mu gitondo.
• Ingofero zifatanye: Ibi bibaho bitewe n'iyo mfuruka.
• Kugorwa no kureba urumuri (Photophobia): Amaso ntashobora kwihanganira n'urumuri ruto.
• Kutabona neza: Kutabona neza.
• Umuriro: Mu ndwara zimwe na zimwe zikomeye, ushobora no kugira umuriro.

Icy'ingenzi: Niba ufite kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bimenyetso, ntubyirengagize. Cyane cyane niba utabona neza, ufite ububabare bukabije, cyangwa udashobora kubona urumuri, hita ubonana na muganga.

Kuki twandura indwara z'amaso?

Impamvu nyamukuru zitera kwandura amaso, nk'uko twabivuze mbere , ni bagiteri, ibihumyo, udukoko, na virusi . Utu tunyabuzima duto dushobora kwinjira mu maso yacu mu buryo bwinshi. Hari igihe bishobora guterwa no gukomereka kw'ijisho . Tekereza, niba agace gato k'igiti kafashe mu jisho ryawe igihe uri gukora mu busitani, mikorobe ziriho zishobora kwinjira mu jisho ryawe.

Ikindi kintu gikomeye gishobora gutera kwandura amaso ni ukuryama ufite indorerwamo zo mu maso . Mu buryo nk'ubwo, kuzikoresha utazisukuye neza na byo ni ibyago bikomeye.

Ni bagiteri zitera indwara z'amaso mu bwoko ki?

Ubwoko bwinshi bwa bagiteri bushobora gutera indwara z'amaso. Bumwe mu bwoko bw'ingenzi bwa bagiteri ni:

• `Bacillus`
• `Interobacteriaceae`
• `Influenza ya Haemophilus`
• `Moraxella spp.`
• `Neisseria gonorrhoeae` (iyi ni bagiteri itera gonorrhea, ishobora no kugira ingaruka ku maso)
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) (ibi ni bibi cyane cyane ku bantu bambara indorerwamo z'amabara afatanye n'amaso)
• Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (Iyi ni bagiteri isanzwe itera indwara z'uruhu)
• `Streptococcus pneumoniae` (S. pneumoniae) (Ibi kandi bitera indwara nk'umusonga)

Abaganga bakoresha ibizamini nka "Gram stain test" na "bacterial culture test" kugira ngo bamenye ubwo bwoko bwa bagiteri.

Ni ubwoko ki bwa virusi zitera indwara z'amaso?

Virusi zishobora gutera indwara z'amaso. Dore ingero zimwe na zimwe:

• Herpes simplex type 1: Iyi ni virusi ikunze gutera ibisebe bikonje, ariko ishobora no kugira ingaruka ku maso.
• Virusi ya Varicella zoster: Iyi ni virusi itera inkoko n'indwara ya herpes zoster (shingles).
• Adenovirus: Iyi virusi ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru itera "indwara y'amaso" cyangwa "conjunctivitis".

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibihumyo bitera indwara z'amaso?

Kwandura ibihumyo ni gake cyane, ariko bishobora guteza akaga.

• Ubwoko bwa Candida ni bwo butera hafi bibiri bya gatatu by'abarwayi ba endophthalmitis, cyane cyane nyuma yo kubagwa cornea. Kwandura ibihumyo bishobora no kubaho nyuma yo kubagwa cataract.
• Hari igihe, iyo ikintu kiri hanze (urugero: igice cy'igiti, igice cy'ikimera) cyakomeretse ijisho, indwara ishobora kubaho iyo irimo ubwoko bw'udukoko twitwa "Fusarium".
• Nanone, iyo hari indwara y’imitsi yo mu maraso, ishobora gukwirakwira mu maso.

Wamenya ute neza ko ufite indwara y'amaso?

Ushobora gutekereza uti "Yego, ndatekereza ko mfite indwara y'amaso." Ariko ikintu cyiza cyo gukora ni ukubonana na muganga akamenya neza ikibazo. Muganga azakubaza ibimenyetso byawe, agafata amateka y'ubuzima bwawe, hanyuma akagusuzuma neza amaso. Hari igihe bagufata agace gato k'amazi ava mu jisho ryawe ('agatambaro') bakakohereza muri laboratwari kugira ngo bamenye neza mikorobe ziri muri ryo.

Indwara z'amaso zivurwa zite?

Uburyo bwo kuvura buterwa n'icyateye indwara y'amaso yawe.

• Kwandura bagiteri: Hatangwa imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ibi biyobyabwenge. Iyi miti ishobora gutangwa nk'ibitonyanga by'amaso, amavuta yo kwisiga, cyangwa ibinini. Iyi miti ikunze gutangira gukora mu masaha 24 kugeza kuri 48.
• Kwandura virusi: Akenshi, nta buryo bwihariye bwo kuvura indwara za virusi, kandi akenshi zihita zonyine. Ariko, hari imiti yihariye yo kurwanya virusi zimwe na zimwe, nka herpes.
• Indwara z'ibihumyo: Iyi ivurwa n'imiti irwanya udukoko. Iyi ishobora kuza mu buryo bw'ibitonyanga, amavuta yo kwisiga, cyangwa ibinini.

Waba ufite indwara ya virusi cyangwa urwaye amaso bitewe n'ubwivumbure, hari ibintu bike ushobora gukora uri mu rugo kugira ngo ugire icyo ugeraho:

• Gusiga amaso yawe n'igitambaro gitose: Kugira ngo amaso yawe arusheho kumererwa neza, ushobora gusiga amaso yawe n'igitambaro gisukuye kiri mu mazi ashyushye (atari ashyushye cyane, ahubwo ari ay'akazuyazi) cyangwa amazi akonje.
• Gukoresha ibitonyanga byo mu maso bisiga amavuta (amarira y'ubukorano): Ibi bishobora kugurwa muri farumasi. Bigabanya amaso yumye kandi bigatanga ubutabazi.
• Gufata imiti igabanya ububabare igurishwa na muganga (OTC): Ushobora gufata umuti nka parasetamol kugira ngo ugabanye ububabare.
• Irinde ibintu bishobora gutera ubwivumbure: Niba ibintu nk'umukungugu n'umukungugu bitera ubwivumbure mu maso, wirinde cyane uko bishoboka kose.

Ni iki wakwitega mu gihe ufite indwara y'amaso?

• Indwara z'amaso ziterwa n'ubwivumbure: Izi ntabwo zandura kandi ntizitera kwangirika gukomeye ku maso yawe. Ntabwo ari ngombwa ko wirinda abandi bantu.
• Indwara ziterwa na virusi, bagiteri, cyangwa ibihumyo: Ibi bishobora kwanduza abandi. Rero, ugomba kwirinda kwegerana n'abandi kugeza igihe uzumva umeze neza. Ntugasangire amasume, imifariso, cyangwa ibindi bintu n'abandi.
• Hari ubwandu bushobora guteza akaga ku maso yawe: cyane cyane ubwandu buterwa n'ibikomere by'amaso, nk'ubwandu bw'ijisho, bushobora gutuma utabona neza iyo budavuwe neza. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa kubonana n'inzobere mu by'amaso niba ufite ikibazo cy'amaso. Ni we ushobora kumenya neza ikibazo n'uburyo bukenewe bwo kuvurwa.

Ni gute wakwirinda indwara z'amaso?

Nubwo tudashobora kwirinda indwara zose z’amaso, hari ibintu dushobora gukora kugira ngo tugabanye ibyago byacu:

• Niba wambara lens zo mu bwoko bwa contact lenses: Kurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwo kuzikoresha, uburyo bwo kuzisukura, n'igihe ushobora kwambara. Ntukigere wambara lens zawe igihe kirenze icyo muganga akubwira, kandi ntuzigere uryama nazo.
• Ambara indorerwamo z'umutekano mu gihe ukora cyangwa ukina siporo: Kwambara indorerwamo z'umutekano bitanga uburinzi bukomeye mu gihe cy'akazi cyangwa siporo aho hari ibyago byo gukomeretswa n'ibintu biguruka.
• Irinde ibintu bigutera allergie: Nanone, fata imiti ya allergie niba muganga wawe yagutegetse.
• Irinde abantu barwaye uko bishoboka kose: Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe zo mu maso (cyane cyane iziterwa na virusi) zandura byoroshye.
• Karaba intoki zawe buri gihe (Isuku y'intoki): Hari udukoko twinshi tutagaragara ku ntoki zacu. Ni ngombwa cyane gukaraba intoki zawe mbere yo gukora ku maso yawe.
• Ntugasangire n'abandi amasume, kwisiga mu maso, n'ibindi.
• Niba urwaye indwara y'amaso, kuramo amavuta yose yo kwisiga wakoresheje, cyane cyane ayo kwisiga mu maso. Bitabaye ibyo, ushobora kongera kwandura iyo ndwara.

Ese nkwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera indwara y'amaso?

Niba ufite allergie, ushobora kuba uzi amaso atukura kandi asharira. Ariko, niba ufite ububabare, ububabare, kuva amaraso cyangwa impinduka mu maso, ni byiza kujya kwa muganga.

Witondere cyane ibi bintu:

* Niba ufite ikibazo mu jisho, shaka ubufasha bwa muganga byihutirwa.

* Niba ugize ikibazo cyo kutabona neza gitunguranye, ububabare bukabije, kugorwa no kureba urumuri, cyangwa kuva amaraso menshi mu maso, bishobora kuba ikibazo cyihutirwa. Hari igihe, iyo izi ndwara zidavuwe vuba, kureba bishobora guta agaciro burundu. Abaganga b'amaso bakunze kuboneka mu mpera z'icyumweru cyangwa nijoro mu bihe byihutirwa (`uhamagawe`).

Amaso yacu ni ingingo z'agaciro cyane kandi zoroshye kumva. Nubwo hari ibintu byinshi byagenewe kuyarinda, aracyashobora kwibasirwa n'indwara. Gukomereka mu maso, ndetse n'indwara zo mu bindi bice by'umubiri (`indwara z'umubiri`), byongera ibyago byo kwandura amaso. Kubwibyo, nubwo amaso yawe yaba atukura cyangwa asharira, ni byiza gusuzumwa na muganga ukamenya impamvu nyayo mbere yo kuvurwa. Cyane cyane abambara 'contact lenses' bagomba gutekereza kuri ibi kabiri.

Ibintu by'ingenzi cyane ugomba kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Sawa, reka twibutse ibintu bike twaganiriyeho uyu munsi tubona ko ari ingenzi kuri wewe:

• Ubwandu bw'amaso buterwa n'udukoko nka bagiteri, virusi, n'ibihumyo.
• Menya ibimenyetso nko gutukura mu maso, kuribwa, kubabara, kuva amaraso mu maso no kutabona neza.
• Niba wambaye indorerwamo z'amaso (contact lenses), zisukure kandi uzikoreshe neza. Ntukazimbare igihe kirenze icyo muganga agusaba, cyangwa ngo uryamane nazo mu nzu kubera impamvu iyo ari yo yose.
• Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe z'amaso zandura, bityo komeza kugira isuku kandi ntugasangire ibintu nk'amasume n'abandi bantu.
• Niba ufite ikibazo cy'amaso, cyane cyane ububabare cyangwa kutabona neza, menya neza ko wagiye kwa muganga. Ntukivure.
• Kwirinda ni bwo buryo bwiza. Karaba intoki zawe kenshi kandi wirinde gukorakora ku maso yawe bitari ngombwa.

Ni inshingano zawe kwita ku maso yawe. Ntukirengagize n'ikintu gito cyane, kandi ntukibagirwe gushaka inama kwa muganga. Hanyuma ushobora kugumana amaso meza kandi asobanutse neza!

` Kwandura amaso, Indwara y'amaso, Conjunctivite, Gutukura kw'amaso, Amaso asharira, Kubyimba kw'amaso