Iyo tutekereje kuri Alzheimer , dutekereza ku ndwara ikura uko umuntu asaza kandi igenda itakaza kwibuka buhoro buhoro, si byo se? Nibyo koko. Abantu benshi barwara Alzheimer nyuma y'imyaka 65. Ariko se wari uzi ko, gake cyane, hari n'ubwoko bwa Alzheimer bushobora kugaragara mu bana bato, ni ukuvuga no mu myaka yabo ya 30, 40, cyangwa 50? Ibi biterwa n'ingaruka z'uturemangingo zihererekanywa kuva ku gisekuru kugera ku kindi . Uyu munsi turimo kuvuga kuri iyi ngingo idasanzwe, ariko y'ingenzi cyane, indwara ya Alzheimer yo mu muryango, cyangwa FAD.
Ibi bitandukanye bite n'indwara isanzwe ya Alzheimer?
Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bw'indwara ya Alzheimer. Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro riri hagati y'izo ndwara bizagufasha gusobanukirwa icyo FAD ari cyo.
| Ubwoko bwa Alzheimer | Ibiranga by'ingenzi n'itandukaniro |
|---|---|
| Indwara ya Alzheimer yo mu muryango (FAD) | Ibi ni gake cyane. Munsi ya 5% by'abarwayi ba Alzheimer bafite ubwo bwoko. Buterwa n'impinduka mu miterere y'uturemangingo ihererekanywa mu bisekuruza. Ibimenyetso bishobora gutangira umuntu atarageza ku myaka 65 , rimwe na rimwe ndetse no mu myaka ya za 30. |
| Indwara ya Alzheimer idasanzwe | Ubu ni bwo bwoko bukunze kugaragara cyane. Hafi 95% by'abarwayi ba Alzheimer bari muri iki cyiciro. Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara nyuma y'imyaka 65. Impamvu nyayo y'ibi ntabwo iramenyekana. Bikekwa ko ari uruvange rw'ibintu nka za gene, ibintu bidukikije, n'imibereho. |
Kuki iyi ndwara yitwa FAD ibaho?
Mu magambo make, FAD iterwa n'impinduka imwe mu ngirabuzimafatizo ihererekanywa kuva ku gisekuru kugeza ku kindi mu muryango. Izi mpindukaIyi gene ituma poroteyine zidasanzwe ziyongera mu bwonko. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, izi zangiza uturemangingo tw’ubwonko, zikangiza kwibuka no kuziba imitekerereze.
Hamaze kumenyekana imiterere itatu y'uturemangingo bigira ingaruka kuri ibi:
- Presenilin 1 (PSEN1)
- Presenilin 2 (PSEN2)
- Poroteyine ibanziriza Amyloid (APP)
Icy'ingenzi ni uko, niba mama wawe cyangwa so wawe bafite iyi mihindukire y'uturemangingo, nawe ufite amahirwe yo kuyiragwa ku kigero cya 50% . Ibi ntibisiba imbyaro.
Impinduka muri imwe muri izi jeni eshatu irahagije kugira ngo itere FAD. Muri zo, ikunze kugaragara ni impinduka muri jeni yitwa `PSEN1`.
Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara iyi ndwara?
Ibi birasobanutse neza. Ikintu kimwe cy'ingenzi gishobora gutera FAD ni amateka y'umuryango . Niba umwe mu babyeyi bawe afite ihinduka ry'uturemangingo ritera FAD, ufite amahirwe ya 50% yo kuyikuramo no kuyirwara.
Ibi bivuze ko niba uruhande rwa nyoko rufite iyi ndwara, ba nyirasenge, ba nyirarume, ba sogokuru na ba sekuru na ba nyirakuru bari kuri urwo ruhande nabo bashobora kurwara iyi ndwara. Hari igihe ababyeyi bawe bapfuye bakiri bato bazize izindi mpamvu, ushobora kutamenya niba barayirwaye cyangwa batari bayirwaye. Muri ibyo bihe, bishobora kugorana kumenya ibyago by'umuryango wawe.
Bitandukanye n'indwara isanzwe ya Alzheimer, imibereho n'ibidukikije ntibigira ingaruka ku mikurire ya FAD. Impamvu nyamukuru ni umurage w'uturemangingo.
Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'iyi ndwara? Uyimenya ute?
Ibimenyetso bya FAD akenshi bitangira mu myaka ya za 30, 40, cyangwa 50. Bishobora kugorana kubibona mu ntangiriro. Ushobora kubona izi mpinduka mbere y'uko umuryango wawe cyangwa inshuti zawe zibibona.
Ibimenyetso by'ingenzi bishobora kuba:
- Gutakaza kwibuka: Ibi si ibintu bisanzwe mu gusaza. Utangira kwibagirwa ibintu biherutse kuba n'ibiganiro . Iyi ndwara irushaho kuba mbi uko igihe kigenda gihita.
- Kutagira icyo ukunda: Ushobora kubura ubushake mu bikorwa cyangwa mu byo wakundaga. Ibi bishobora kumera nk'ihungabana .
- Impinduka mu myitwarire no mu miterere:Ushobora kubona impinduka nko kurakara cyane, guhangayika, cyangwa gukeka ibintu bitari ngombwa.
- Kugorwa no kugenda: Ushobora kugira ikibazo cyo kunanuka mu mubiri wawe, gusitara mu gihe ugenda, no kugenda buhoro buhoro.
- Guhinda umushyitsi : Gutigita ku buryo butunguranye (gukora ingendo zo kunyeganyega) bishobora kubaho, bitangirira mu ntoki bigakwirakwira ku maboko no ku maguru.
- Indwara zo mu mutwe : Hari abarwayi bashobora no kugira igicuri.
- Ingorane zo kuvuga: Ibi bishobora kuba birimo kugorwa no kubona amagambo no kuvuga nabi.
Igikuru ni uko ushobora gutangira kugira ibi bimenyetso ku kigero cy’imyaka imwe na mama wawe cyangwa papa wawe.
Ni gute wakwemeza neza indwara?
Niba ufite ibi bimenyetso, ikintu cya mbere ugomba gukora ni ukubonana n'umuganga wujuje ibisabwa . Muganga azabaza ibimenyetso byawe, amateka y'ubuzima bwawe, cyane cyane amateka y'ubuzima bw'umuryango wawe.
Hashobora gukorwa ibizamini byinshi kugira ngo hemezwe ko indwara yanduye:
1. Ibizamini byo mu mutwe: Uzahabwa urukurikirane rw'ibibazo byoroshye n'ibikorwa bipima ibintu nko kwibuka kwawe, kwita ku bintu, n'ubushobozi bwo gukemura ibibazo.
2. Gupima ubwonko: Gupima CT cyangwa MRI bishobora kuba inama yo gusuzuma niba ubwonko bwangiritse cyangwa bugabanuka.
3. Gupima imiterere y'uturemangingo: Niba ufite amakenga akomeye kuri FAD, cyane cyane niba ukiri muto kandi ufite amateka y'iyi ndwara mu muryango wawe, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gupima imiterere y'uturemangingo. Iki ni ikizamini cyoroshye cy'amaraso. Ibi bishobora kumenya niba ufite impinduka mu turemangingo `APP`, `PSEN1`, cyangwa `PSEN2`.
Mbere yo gukorerwa ubu bwoko bw'ibizamini by'uturemangingo, uzoherezwa ku mujyanama cyangwa inzobere mu by'uturemangingo kugira ngo agusobanurire ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'ibipimo n'uburyo bizagira ingaruka kuri wewe no ku muryango wawe.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura ibi?
Ikibabaje ni uko nta muti cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvura indwara ya FAD buhari kugeza ubu. Ariko hari imiti myinshi ishobora gufasha mu kurwanya ibimenyetso no kunoza ubuzima.
Muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo kuvura indwara nk'izi:
- Imiti nka cholinesterase inhibitors na memantine ishobora gufasha mu kugenzura ibimenyetso bifitanye isano no kwibuka.
- Genzura impinduka mu byiyumvo n'ibibazo by'imyitwarire (uburakari, kwiheba) ukoresheje imiti nka (SSRIs).
- Gutandukanya imiti ivura ibimenyetso by'umubiri nko gutigita, gukomera, no gucika intege.
- Ubuvuzi bw'imitekerereze bushobora kandi kugufasha gukomeza kugira imbaraga zo mu mutwe.
Ni izihe ngorane zishobora kubaho iyo indwara ibaye ikomeye?
Uko indwara igenda ikura uko igihe kigenda, hashobora kubaho ingorane zitandukanye. Kudashobora kugenda no kutabasha kugenda bishobora gutera ibisebe byo mu buriri , kwandura indwara z'uruhu , no kubyimba kw'amaraso .
Imwe mu ngorane zikomeye kandi ziteje akaga ni ukugorwa no kumira ibiryo n'ibinyobwa . Ibi bishobora gutuma uduce tw'ibiryo n'amazi byinjira mu bihaha mu buryo butunguranye binyuze mu muyoboro w'amazi. Ibi bishobora gutera bagiteri kwinjira mu bihaha bigatera umusonga ukomeye (pneumonia). Iyi ni yo mpamvu ikomeye itera urupfu ku barwayi ba Alzheimer.
Ni gute wabaho n'iyi ndwara?
Nubwo FAD idashobora guhagarara, hari ibintu byinshi wowe n'umuryango wawe mwakora kugira ngo igihe mubana n'iyi ndwara kibe cyiza kandi cyiza uko bishoboka kose.
- Komeza gukora cyane uko bishoboka kose: Kora ibikorwa bikoresha ubwonko bwawe, nko gusoma ibitabo no gukemura ibibazo byoroshye.
- Komeza gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri: Kora imyitozo yoroshye uko bishoboka kose, nk'uko muganga wawe yabigusabye.
- Kurya indyo yuzuye.
- Kugabanya stress: Ibintu nko gutekereza cyane no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri yo guhumeka cyane bishobora gufasha.
- Emera ubufasha bw'umuryango n'inshuti: Biragoye kunyura muri uru rugendo wenyine. Inkunga y'abakunzi ni ingenzi cyane.
- Jya mu matsinda y'ubufasha: Shaka ubufasha n'ubumenyi bivuye mu mashyirahamwe afasha abarwayi n'imiryango yabo kubyitabira.
FAD ni indwara igoye, ariko iyo ufite ubumenyi bukwiye, ubuvuzi, urukundo n'inkunga by'umuryango, ushobora guhangana na byo.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Indwara ya Alzheimer yo mu muryango (FAD) ni indwara idasanzwe ya Alzheimer ivuka mu bwana, igaragara mu bana bato.
- Ibi biterwa n'impinduka mu miterere y'uturemangingo. Iyo umubyeyi umwe afite iyi gene, hari amahirwe 50% ko umwana azayiragwa.
- Ibimenyetso birimo gutakaza kwibuka, impinduka mu myitwarire, no kugorwa no kugenda.
- Nubwo iyi ndwara idashobora gukira burundu, hari uburyo bwo kuvura ibimenyetso no kunoza ubuzima.
- Niba wowe cyangwa umuntu wo mu muryango wawe afite gushidikanya kuri ibi, ni ngombwa cyane gushaka inama kwa muganga wujuje ibisabwa vuba bishoboka.
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