Ifoto y'inyuma y'amaso yawe? (Fundus Photography) Reka twige neza icyo ari cyo!

Ese wigeze wibaza uburyo umuganga w'amaso areba utuntu duto cyane mu maso yacu? Hari igihe ashyira umuti mu jisho bigatuma ijisho ry'umukara risa n'irinini, sibyo? Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku buryo bufata ifoto y'inyuma y'ijisho, 'fundus'. Ibi nibyo twita "Fundus Photography" .

Fundus Photography ni iki?

Mu magambo make, iki "(Fundus Photography)" ni igihe umuganga wawe w'amaso afotora urukuta rw'inyuma rw'ijisho ryawe, ari narwo twita "fundus". Mu kureba aya mashusho, muganga ashobora gusuzuma ibice byinshi by'ijisho bifite akamaro kanini ku kureba kwawe. Iki ni ikizamini cyoroshye cyane, kidasaba kuvurwa.

Ni ibihe bice by'ingenzi biri mu jisho?

Hari inyubako nyinshi z'ingenzi imbere n'inyuma y'amaso yacu. Ni nk'aho mu nzu yacu, buri kintu gifite umwanya wacyo. Tekereza kuri ibi, aha ni ho hantu h'ingenzi:

• Retina: Uru ni urwego rurimo uturemangingo tureba urumuri, twitwa photoreceptors. Utwo turemangingo twohereza ibimenyetso ku bwonko bijyanye n'urumuri tubona. Ubwonko bukoresha ibyo bimenyetso kugira ngo bukore ishusho rusange "ubona".
• Macula: Iki ni cyo gice cy’ijisho rya retina yawe cy’uruhu rw’ijisho cyane. Gifite utwuma dutuma amashusho aboneka neza tugufasha kubona amabara n’utundi duce duto. Ni nk’aho kamera ya HD ikoresha HD! Iyo usoma igitabo, macula igufasha kubona neza inyandiko.
• Imitsi y'amaso: Iyi ni nk'umuyoboro w'amakuru uhuza retina n'ubwonko bwawe. Indwara nyinshi z'amaso zishobora kugira ingaruka ku gice cy'uyu mutsi uhuza n'ijisho.
• Choroid: Uru rugingo ruri munsi gato ya retina yawe. Ni igice cy'urukuta rwo hagati rukikije ijisho ryawe rwitwa uvea. Imitsi y'amaraso itanga amaraso muri retina yawe iherereye muri choroid.

Iki kizamini cyo gufotora fundus kizakorwa ryari?

Iki kizamini cya "Fundus Photography" gishobora gukorwa nk'igice cy'ikizamini cyawe cya "Isuzuma ry'amaso risanzwe". Cyangwa, niba ufite ibimenyetso by'amaso cyangwa impinduka mu maso, gikoreshwa kandi nk'igice cy'ikizamini cyihariye cy'amaso kugira ngo hamenyekane impamvu. Ibizamini byihariye nk'ibi bifasha kumenya ibimenyetso byihariye by'indwara z'amaso.

Tekereza gato, ni mu bihe nk'ibi abaganga bakunze gufata icyemezo cyo gukora iki kizamini cya (Fundus Photography):

• Indwara zo mu mitsi nka retinopathy iterwa na diyabete cyangwa retinopathy iterwa n'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso.
• Ibikomere cyangwa kwangirika kwa retina, nko gucikagurika cyangwa gucikagurika.
• Impinduka zihariye muri retina, nko kwangirika kw'amabara cyangwa gutakaza uburyo bwo kubona amabara.
• Uveitis ni indwara yo kubyimba ifata retina cyangwa choroid.
• Indwara z'imitsi y'amaso nka optic atrophy na papilledema.
• Impinduka cyangwa kwangirika kwa retina cyangwa imitsi y'amaso bitewe n'indwara nka glaucoma.
• Impamvu zitera utudomo twijimye (Scotomas) mu kureba cyangwa inenge mu mwanya wo kureba.
• Kanseri z'amaso n'ibibyimba bitari kanseri (bitari byiza), nka 'retinoblastoma'.
• Indwara zibaho mu jisho, nka toxoplasmose.

Ifoto ya Fundus ikora ite?

Iki kizamini cya (Fundus Photography) gikorwa hakoreshejwe (Fundus Camera). Amavuriro menshi y'amaso afite nibura kimwe muri ibi bikoresho byihariye. Noneho reka turebe uko izi kamera zisa.

Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bwa kamera za fundus:

Kamera zisanzwe za Fundus

Iki gikoresho gisa n'umuyoboro wa telesikope. Ku rundi ruhande, hari agace ko gufataho akananwa n'agahanga, ku rundi ruhande, hari akantu gato ko kurebamo umuganga, kandi hari utubuto two kugenzura. Kugira ngo ubone ibisubizo byiza kuri izi kamera, umuganga azashyira ibitonyanga mu maso yawe mbere yo kwipimisha. Ibi bizagufasha kubona neza imbere mu jisho ryawe.

Kamera zikoresha laser mu buryo bwagutse

Izi kamera zikoresha imirasire yihariye n'ubuhanga bwo gupima kugira ngo zifate amafoto y'ikiziga cy'umugongo vuba, nubwo amaso yawe yaba adakuze (ni ukuvuga adakoresheje imiti yo kwagura imboni). Ariko, biroroshye gufata amafoto iyo amaso yawe yagutse. Izi kamera akenshi ziba zifite umwenge umwe uzengurutse ushobora kubona. Uwo mwenge uba uri ku gipfukisho kinini, kirekire kandi girambuye. Agace gakikije uwo mwenge gakunze gutwikirwa n'igipfukisho cyoroshye, bityo kiba cyoroshye kandi ntikibabaza iyo uwufashe mu maso hawe.

Ni iki wakwitega mbere no mu gihe cy'ikizamini?

Ese ugomba kwitegura mbere yo gukora ikizamini?

Oya, iki kizamini cya (Fundus Photography) ntabwo gisaba kwitegura cyane. Nta kintu cyo guhangayika. Muganga ashobora gushyira ibitonyanga mu maso yawe kugira ngo yongere impeta y'umukara mu maso yawe mbere yo gufata amafoto. Ibi bitonyanga bifata iminota mike kugira ngo bikore. Ugomba kwihangana igihe gito.

Ni iki kibaho mu gihe cy'ikizamini?

Noneho, twavuze ku bwoko bubiri bwa kamera za fundus. Bityo ibyo uhura nabyo bizaterwa n'ubwoko bwa kamera muganga akoresha. Hari igihe ushobora gufata amafoto ukoresheje ubwo bwoko bwombi bwa kamera.

Kamera zisanzwe za Fundus

Iyo ufata amafoto ukoresheje ibi bikoresho, wicara ku ntebe cyangwa ku ntebe, werekeza ku gitereko kiri ku ruhande rwawe rw'umuyoboro. Muganga azagusukura mu gahanga no ku kananwa akoresheje agatambaro ko gusukura isura mbere yo kugushyira mu maso.

Ni ingenzi cyane kugumisha agahanga n'agahanga mu gatuza neza. Muri ubwo buryo, bizorohera umuganga gufata amafoto vuba. Umutwe wawe umaze kugera mu mwanya ukwiye, ugomba kureba mu mpera imwe y'umuyoboro. Imbere, uzabona urumuri rumurikira mu jisho ryawe.

Muganga yicaye ku rundi ruhande rw'umuyoboro, areba mu jisho rya kamera, ahindura kamera, ayishyira ahantu runaka, hanyuma agafata amafoto imwe imwe. Bakubwira kureba imbere, kureba iburyo, kureba ibumoso, nibindi. Bitewe n'impamvu yo gufata amafoto, bafata amafoto y'ijisho rimwe cyangwa yombi. Iyo amafoto amaze gufatwa, ikizamini kiba kirangiye. Byihuse cyane, sibyo?

Kamera zikoresha laser mu buryo bwagutse

Iyo urebye mu mwenge wa kamera ifite inguni nini, uzabona ikimenyetso cy'uruziga, ugomba kureba neza. Inyuma inyuma y'ikimenyetso gishobora guhindura ibara. Umuganga cyangwa umuhanga mu by'ibizamini azakubwira icyo amabara asobanura, uko wakwimuka, n'ibindi bintu bigomba gufatwa mu ishusho.

Iyo umaze kugera mu mwanya ukwiye, azafungura kamera. Uzabona itara ry'icyatsi kibisi, nk'itara riri ku rupapuro ruri mu gikoresho gifotora, rinyura mu maso yawe. Rimara igihe gito gusa, nk'isegonda rimwe. Ntugahangayike, ntacyo bizagutwara. Ubusanzwe, hafatwa amafoto atatu kuri buri jisho. Iyo amafoto amaze gufatwa, ikizamini kiba kirangiye.

Bigenda bite nyuma y'ikizamini?

Nyuma yo gufata amashusho ya fundus, umuganga cyangwa umuforomo azagutwara mu cyumba cy’ibizamini. Aho niho uzahurira n’umuganga w’amaso cyangwa umuganga w’amaso. Ni bo bazakora ikizamini gisigaye, cyangwa bakareba amashusho ya fundus yawe bagusobanurire icyo asobanura.

Ese hari ingaruka cyangwa ingaruka mbi kuri iki kizamini?

Iki kizamini cya (Fundus Photography) ni cyiza cyane . Nta ngaruka mbi zibaho. Ariko, niba uhawe umuti wo kwagura imboni y'ijisho ryawe ((Ijisho ryagabanutse), umuti ushobora gutera ingaruka mbi nto. Urugero, kureba kwawe gushobora kuba guhindagurika igihe gito, kandi amaso yawe ashobora kugaragara nk'ubururu inyuma. Ariko akenshi ibi biba ari bito cyane kandi bizagenda neza nyuma y'igihe runaka. Niba muganga wawe yaguze amaso yawe, amaso yawe azakomeza kwaguka kugeza igihe umuti ushize. Akenshi, uyu muti urashira mu masaha make (muganga wawe azakubwira neza igihe bizatwara).

Niba ufite ikibazo cyo gutinya amaso, bivuze ko amaso yawe ahinduka ubururu iyo uri hanze, ushobora kumva umerewe nabi iyo urumuri rukugeze mu maso yawe iyo ufata amafoto. Ibi akenshi biba iby'igihe gito gusa, kandi muganga wawe azagufasha muri ibyo. Ibyumba byinshi byo gupimiramo amaso bifite amatara agabanuka, bityo niba ugifite ikibazo cyo kumva urumuri rwinshi, muganga wawe azayakoresha.

Ese nshobora gutwara imodoka nyuma yo gufotora fundus?

Yego, mu bihe byinshi ushobora gutwara imodoka nta kibazo nyuma yo gukora (Fundus Photography). Biterwa n'impamvu wafashe amafoto, imiterere y'amaso yawe mbere yo gukora ikizamini, n'ibindi bintu bike.

Abantu benshi bajya kwa muganga mu modoka, kandi ushobora gusubirayo nyuma yo gupimwa. Niba muganga yaragukuye amaso (yakoresheje imiti yo kongera ibara ry'umukara), bashobora kuguha udupfukantoki dupfukantoki ushobora kwambara nk'indorerwamo z'izuba. Ibi birakunogeye amaso iyo usohotse. Niba wambaye indorerwamo, ushobora gusiga utu dupfukantoki dupfukantoki hejuru y'indorerwamo zawe kugeza igihe ubwiyongere buzimiye. Ariko, niba utabizi neza, ni byiza kubaza muganga wawe mbere yo gutwara imodoka.

Ibisubizo bimeze bite? Bitubwira iki?

Kamera za fundus mu mavuriro menshi y'amaso zishobora kohereza amashusho kuri mudasobwa iri mu cyumba cy'ibizamini ako kanya ikimara gufatwa. Muganga wawe ashobora kureba amashusho kuri ecran ya mudasobwa. Ashobora kandi kukwereka amashusho no gusobanura ibintu bitandukanye agaragaza. Ashobora kuvuga ibintu nk'ibi: "Reba umutsi w'amaso uri mu jisho ryawe..."

Niba ikiziba cy'ijisho ryawe gisa n'aho gisanzwe, muganga wawe azabikubwira. Birahumuriza kumva ikintu nk'iki , "Nta kibazo kirimo, byose ni byiza." Niba amashusho agaragaza impinduka zikomeye cyangwa ibitagenda neza, muganga wawe azabigusobanurira. Niba muganga wawe afite amashusho yawe yabanje, ashobora kuyagereranya. Ashobora kuvuga ibintu nk'ibi, "Dore itandukaniro rito n'iryashize."

Dukurikije ibyo tubona ku mafoto aheruka, ashobora kuba arimo gukora kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi:

• Ndagusaba gukomeza gupima (urugero, ikindi gikoresho cyihariye cyo gupima)
• Itanga uburyo bwo kuvura (urugero: imiti, ubuvuzi bwa laser)
• Hazashyirwaho gahunda yo gukurikirana. (Urugero, reka tuzongera kubonane mu mezi 3 ari imbere)
• Uzoherezwa ku wundi muganga w’inzobere (urugero: inzobere mu ndwara ya diyabete).

Hari imvugo igira iti 'Ifoto ifite agaciro k'amagambo igihumbi.' Nk'uko bimeze, ishusho iri inyuma y'amaso yawe ni iy'agaciro ku buzima bw'amaso yawe.

Amaherezo, ibuka ibi.

Rero, iki kizamini cya (Fundus Photography) ni ingirakamaro cyane mu kugenzura ubuzima bw'amaso yawe. Inzobere mu by'amaso ishobora gukoresha aya mashusho kugira ngo irebe niba amaso yawe ameze neza kandi imenye ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose. Icyiza kurushaho ni uko iki kizamini cya (Fundus Photography) gishobora gufata impinduka mu jisho mbere yuko ugaragaza ibimenyetso. Iki ni kimwe mu bipimo bisanzwe by'amaso. Hari igihe gishobora kumenya indwara zitangirira mu jisho utabizi.

Rero, ushobora kubaza muganga wawe ibisobanuro birambuye ku buryo ibi byakugirira akamaro. Ntiwibagirwe ko ari inshingano zawe kurinda amaso yawe! Ni ingenzi cyane kwipimisha amaso buri gihe .

Amafoto ya Fundus , Isuzuma ry'amaso, Retina, Ubuzima bw'amaso, Macula, Imitsi y'amaso