Reka twige ku ibanga ry'ubwonko rituza ubwenge bwawe - GABA (aside gamma-aminobutyric)?

Ese hari igihe wumva uremerewe, uhangayitse, cyangwa ufite ubwoba gusa? Cyangwa urwara indwara yo kudasinzira nijoro? Inyuma y'ibi bintu hashobora kuba hari ubutumwa buto bw'imiti mu bwonko bwacu. Ibyo nibyo tugiye kuvugaho uyu munsi. Ni GABA. Ikora nk'akabuto 'gakonje' mu bwonko bwacu.

GABA (aside gamma-aminobutyric) ni iki?

Muri make, GABA ni shimi yohereza ubutumwa hagati y’uturemangingo tw’imitsi (neurons) mu bwonko bwacu. Ni nk’umukozi w’iposita w’umuhanga mu mubiri wacu. Ariko ikidasanzwe muri yo ni uko ahanini "ituza" ibikorwa by’ubwonko bitari ngombwa. Ni ukuvuga ko ibuza uturemangingo tw’imitsi y’ubwonko gukangurwa no guhungabana cyane. Abahanga mu bya siyansi bita ubwo bwoko bw’imiti itera imitsi. Tekereza kuri GABA nk'"feri" igenzura umuvuduko w’imitsi yacu yo hagati, irimo ubwonko bwacu n’umugongo. Ni byo bidufasha kudashyuha cyane cyangwa ngo dutinye.

GABA ikora ite? Ni iki kiba mu bwonko bwacu?

Noneho reba uburyo iyi GABA ikora mu bwonko bwacu. Ni uburyo butangaje cyane. Dufite uturemangingo tw’imitsi tubarirwa muri za miriyoni na za miriyari mu bwonko bwacu. Tugomba kohereza ubutumwa buva ku turemangingo tw’imitsi tujya ku tundi. Mu by’ukuri hari icyuho gito hagati y’utu turemangingo tubiri tw’imitsi. Ibyo byitwa `(Synapse)` cyangwa aho imitsi ihurira.

`(Neurotransmitter)` nka GABA ibikora inyuza ubutumwa muri iyi ihuriro hanyuma igafata kuri `(Receptors)` runaka ku ngirabuzimafatizo y'imitsi ikurikira. Ni nk'urufunguzo rushyirwa mu mfuruka. Nk'uko urufunguzo rwose rudashobora gufungura mfuruka yose, si `(Neurotransmitter)` yose ishobora gufata kuri `(Receptors)`. GABA kandi ifite `(Receptors)` ebyiri zihariye ziyimenya – `(GABA-A)` na `(GABA-B)`.

Rero, iyo GABA igiye gufatana n'izi receptor, bigabanya ubushobozi bw'uturemangingo tw'imitsi dukurikiraho bwo gusubiza. Ni ukuvuga ko bigabanya amahirwe y'uko ako karemangingo gatanga ubutumwa butari ngombwa cyangwa kabwoherereza undi muntu. Niyo mpamvu GABA yitwa "inhibitory" cyangwa neurotransmitter ituje.

Ni izihe nyungu ku buzima GABA itanga?

None se, ni izihe nyungu ku buzima tubona muri GABA, ituma ubwonko butuza muri ubu buryo? Mu by'ukuri hari nyinshi. Tekereza, ufite "stress" cyane, ni ukuvuga iyo uri mu stress nyinshi, ubwonko bwawe ntibuba buri ahantu hamwe, uhangayika cyane, kandi igituza cyawe kikumva gisa n'aho kirimo gutera. Mu gihe nk'icyo, niba urugero rwa GABA mu mubiri wawe ari rwiza, ruzatuza ubwonko bwawe kandi rugufashe kugabanya iyi stress .

GABA ifite kandi ubushobozi butangaje bwo kugenzura imihangayiko . Ifasha kugabanya ubwoba butari ngombwa no guhangayika kuri buri kintu cyose.

Ikindi kintu ni uko hari abantu badashobora gusinzira nijoro. Bahora bahindukira iyo bagiye kuryama, ariko basa n'aho badasinzira na gato. Ubushakashatsi buriho bwerekana ko GABA ifasha no gusinzira neza kandi mu buryo butuje .

GABA na Glutamate: Uburyo ubwonko bukoresha mu gusimbuza "On-Off"

Hamwe na GABA, hari ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi cyane `(Neurotransmitter)` mu bwonko bwacu. Ni `(Glutamate)`. Ibi byombi bikora nk'impande ebyiri z'igiceri, cyangwa nk'impinduka ebyiri 'zirinze' na 'zidakora'. Ni ukuvuga, mu byerekezo bitandukanye.

• GABA: 'Izimya' imikorere y'ubwonko ikabutuza (ibuza gukora).
• Glutamate: 'Ikora' kandi ikangura imikorere y'ubwonko (itera imbaraga).

Rero, kugira ngo ubwonko bwacu bukore neza kandi neza, hakenewe uburinganire buri hagati y'imbaraga zo gutuza za GABA n'imbaraga zo gukangura za `(Glutamate) . Kimwe n'umuvuduko w'imodoka na feri. Iyo byombi bikora neza kandi ku gihe ni bwo dushobora kugenda neza kandi mu mutekano. Iyo ubu buringanire bubuze, havuka ibibazo bitandukanye. Igitangaje ni uko iyi enzyme ituza yitwa GABA nayo ikorwa mu buryo butuma umuntu arushaho gukora neza. `(enzyme)` yihariye irayigizemo uruhare, ni ukuvuga enzyme (`aside decarboxylase ya glutamine`).

GABA ikorana kandi n'indi neurotransmitter yitwa serotonin. Mu by'ukuri, hari neurotransmitter nyinshi zikorana, rimwe na rimwe zigahangana, kugira ngo umubiri wacu n'ubwonko bwacu bikomeze gukora neza.

Indwara zishobora guterwa n'urugero ruto rwa GABA

Tekereza uko byagenda iyo ubu butumwa bwa GABA budakora neza, bivuze ko urugero rwa GABA mu bwonko ruri hasi? Ibi bishobora gutera ibibazo bitandukanye by’imitsi n’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko kugabanuka k’imikorere ya GABA bishobora gutera indwara nka:

• Guhangayika no kurwara ihungabana ry'ibyiyumvo: Kumva ufite ubwoba buri gihe, uhangayitse, utakaza ibyishimo, kandi ntushobore kwibanda ku kintu runaka.
Schizophrenia : Indwara yo mu mutwe ikomeye irangwa no gutakaza isano iri hagati y’ibintu bibaho n’ibyo umuntu abona, yumva kandi agatekereza ibintu bitari ukuri.
• Indwara ya Autism spectrum: Indwara y'iterambere irangwa n'ubumuga mu mibanire n'abandi no mu itumanaho.
• Kwiheba: Kumva ufite agahinda igihe kirekire, kubura icyo ushishikazwa nacyo, no kumva urambiwe ubuzima.
• Indwara y'igicuri n'indwara z'ibicurane: Indwara nk'indwara z'ibicurane n'indwara z'ibicurane zibaho mu mubiri bitewe n'imikorere itunguranye kandi idahwitse y'uturemangingo tw'imitsi mu bwonko.

Uretse izi ndwara zikomeye, hari izindi ndwara nyinshi zifatwa nk'izifitanye isano no kutagera ku rugero rwa GABA:

• Kubura pyridoxine:Iyi ni indwara idakunze kugaragara. Iterwa no kubura vitamine B6 (pyridoxine), ikaba ari ingenzi mu gukora GABA. Ibi akenshi bitera indwara zo mu mutwe ku bana bato. Izi ndwara ziragoye kuzirwanya hakoreshejwe imiti isanzwe igabanya igicuri, ariko zishobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe inyongeramusaruro za vitamine.
• Indwara y'umwijima: Indwara ikomeye y'umwijima igira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ubwonko.
• Indwara ya Huntington: Indwara y'urubyaro igenda isenya uturemangingo tw'ubwonko buhoro buhoro.
• Kudakomera no kubabara mu mitsi: Indwara zirangwa no gukomera kw'imitsi no kunyeganyega kudasanzwe.
• Kuryarya cyane: Kumva usinziriye cyane cyangwa usinziriye cyane ku manywa.

Ese kongera urugero rwa GABA bitanga inyungu ku buzima?

Abashakashatsi baracyari kwiga ingaruka zo kongera urugero rwa GABA. Nubwo ibimenyetso bitarasobanuka neza, hari gukorwaho iperereza niba GABA ishobora gufasha mu kuvura cyangwa gukumira indwara zimwe na zimwe. Urugero:

• Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso
• Gusinzira nabi
• Diyabete

Hakenewe ubushakashatsi bw'inyongera kuri ibi.

Ubwoko bw'imiti yibasira GABA

Kubera aka kamaro ka GABA, abakora imiti bakoze imiti myinshi yibasira "receptors" za GABA. Iyi miti ikora mu gufasha cyangwa kongera ingaruka karemano za GABA zo gutuza. Ushobora kuba warumvise ibi bikurikira:

• Benzodiazepines: Iki cyiciro cy'imiti kirimo diazepam (izwi kandi nka Valium) na alprazolam (izwi kandi nka Xanax) kandi ikoreshwa mu kuvura imihangayiko, kudasinzira, gucika intege no kureka kunywa inzoga. Ikoreshwa kandi nk'ikinya mu gihe cyo kubaga.
• Barbiturates: Izi nazo ni ubwoko bw'imiti itera gusinzira. Ariko, ikoreshwa ryazo ubu ntirikunze kugaragara cyane.
• Vigabatrin (Sabril®): Umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura indwara zo mu mutwe no kubabara imitsi mu bana bato.
• Flumazenil (Romazicon®): Ikoreshwa mu kuvura overdose ya benzodiazepine. Ikoreshwa kandi mu kunoza imiterere yo mu mutwe mu ndwara z’umwijima, indwara iterwa n’indwara z’umwijima.
• Aside Valproic: Uyu ni umuti utuma umuntu ahora yiyumva neza kandi ugabanya indwara z'igicuri.
• Zolpidem (izwi kandi nka Ambien® cyangwa Edluar®): Uyu ni umuti ukomeye uvura indwara yo kudasinzira.
• Propofol (izwi kandi nka Diprivan®): Umuti ukoreshwa mu gusinziriza no gusinzira umurwayi mu gihe cyo gusinziriza indwara rusange.
• Baclofen (`Baclofen (Lioresal®, Gablofen®)`): Kuruhura imitsi.

Ibuka: Iyi miti n'indi isa nayo igomba gukoreshwa gusa uyobowe na muganga. Kuyikoresha wenyine, cyangwa se bitewe n'uko hari umuntu wo hafi yawe wabikubwiye, bishobora guteza ingaruka mbi zikomeye. Witonde rero.

Ese inyongeramusaruro za GABA ni ingirakamaro?

Noneho bamwe bashobora kwibaza bati: 'None se kuki tudashobora kugura GABA nk'inyongeramusaruro?' Yego, GABA iraboneka nk'inyongeramusaruro mu mirire. Ariko hari ikibazo gito hano. Ntibiramenyekana neza ingano ya GABA dufata mu kanwa yinjira mu bwonko bwacu.

Kubera ko ubwonko bwacu bukikijwe n'urukiramende rwihariye cyane rwitwa "urukuta rw'amaraso n'ubwonko". Ibi bimeze nk'irembo, ritemerera imiti yose kwinjira mu bwonko byoroshye, ahubwo ryemerera gusa ibyatoranijwe. Bityo rero, nta bimenyetso bihagije bya siyansi bihagije bigaragaza niba iyi miti ya GABA igira ingaruka ku bwonko cyangwa itagize ingaruka. Kubwibyo, hakenewe ubushakashatsi bwinshi kuri ibi hakoreshejwe itsinda rinini ry'abantu. Bitewe n'imimerere iriho ubu, si byiza gukoresha imiti ya GABA utabanje kuvugana na muganga.

Ese hari ibiryo birimo GABA?

GABA iboneka mu biribwa bimwe na bimwe mu buryo busanzwe. Urugero:

• Ibiryo byasembuye: ibintu nka kimchi (umutobe wo muri Koreya), miso (umutobe wa soya wo mu Buyapani), na tempeh (umusaruro wa soya wo muri Indoneziya).
• Ubwoko bw'icyayi: Icyayi cy'icyatsi kibisi, icyayi cy'umukara, n'icyayi cya oolong nabyo birimo GABA.
• Ibindi biribwa: Ibiribwa nk'umuceri w'umukara, soya, amashaza, chestnut (ubwoko bw'ubunyobwa), ibihumyo, inyanya, epinari, broccoli, amashu, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts (ubwoko bw'amashu mato), ibinyampeke byakuze (urugero: ibishyimbo bibisi iyo bikuze), n'ibijumba nabyo birimo GABA cyangwa bifasha umubiri gukora GABA.

Ariko nk'uko byavuzwe ku nyongeramusaruro, nta gisobanuro gisobanutse neza cy'ingano ya GABA ikomoka kuri ibyo biribwa igera mu bwonko. Ni byiza kubishyira mu ndyo nziza, ariko si byiza kwishingikiriza gusa kuri ibyo biribwa nk'uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvura indwara runaka. Nanone, shaka inama za muganga kuri ibi.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Rero, ushobora kuba ubu usobanukiwe ko GABA (aside gamma-aminobutyric) twavuze uyu munsi ari umusemburo w’ubwonko utuje kandi ukaba ingenzi cyane ku buzima bwacu bwo mu mutwe, ku gusinzira no ku mikorere y’umubiri wacu muri rusange.

Bifasha mu kugenzura imihangayiko, stress, no kudasinzira neza. Urugero ruto rwa GABA rushobora gutera indwara zitandukanye zo mu bwonko n'izo mu mutwe. Imiti imwe n'imwe ikora hibandwa ku buryo bwa GABA.

Hakenewe ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi ku byiza by’inyongeramusaruro za GABA n’ibiribwa birimo GABA. Kubwibyo, niba ufite impungenge, gushidikanya, cyangwa ibibazo kuri GABA, ikintu cyiza kandi cyizewe cyo gukora ni ukubonana na muganga w’umuryango wawe, ukaganira ku kibazo cyawe, hanyuma ukabona inama zikwiye.Ntukajye ku kazi ushingiye ku byo wibwira cyangwa ku byo wibwira. Ubuzima bwawe ni ubw'agaciro kuri wowe.

GABA , aside gamma-aminobutiriki, neurotransmitter, ubwonko, ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, imihangayiko, ibitotsi