Ese wahise ubona bigoye kuvuga cyangwa kumva? Reka twige kuri ibi (Global Aphasia)!

Tekereza, uri kuganira neza hanyuma ukumva ntushobora gushyira hamwe amagambo yawe, ntusobanukirwe ibyo abandi bavuga. Cyangwa ntushobora kwandika cyangwa gusoma. Iki ni ikintu gituma wumva udafite icyo ushoboye, si byo se? Hari igihe ubu bwoko bw'indwara ikomeye bushobora guterwa n'indwara yitwa (Global Aphasia). Reka tubiganireho birambuye uyu munsi, sibyo?

Ahasia y'Isi Yose ni iki?

Muri make, Global Aphasia ni ugutakaza ubushobozi bwacu bwinshi mu rurimi - kuvuga, kumva, kwandika, gusoma - nk'aho sisitemu yacu yose y'itumanaho yafunzwe. Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ubumuga bw'ururimi bwitwa Aphasia, ariko Global Aphasia ifatwa nk'indwara ikomeye cyane kandi ikwirakwiriye cyane .

Ariko dore ikintu cy'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka. Nubwo ubuhanga bwawe mu rurimi bugira ingaruka kuri (Global Aphasia), ubwenge bwawe, ubwenge bwawe, cyangwa (Intelligence) ntabwo bigira ingaruka na gato. Uracyari umunyabwenge, umuntu utekereza. Ariko ikibazo gikomeye ni ukwigaragaza no gusobanukirwa ibyo abandi bavuga. Ni nk'aho uzi gutwara imodoka neza, ariko moteri y'imodoka ntikora.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya (Global Aphasia)?

Iyo iki kibazo kibaye, ibimenyetso bikurikira bikunze kugaragara:

• Bishobora kugorana cyane kumva icyo umuntu avuga, kandi rimwe na rimwe ushobora kutumva ikintu na kimwe. Bishobora kumvikana nk'aho uvuga mu rundi rurimi.
• Ubushobozi bwo gusoma no kwandika buragabanuka cyane cyangwa bukabura burundu. Umuntu ashobora no kutabasha kwandika izina rye bwite, cyane cyane ikinyamakuru cyangwa igitabo.
• Bashobora kudashobora kugaragaza ibyo bakeneye n'amarangamutima yabo mu magambo. Bashobora kuvuga ijambo rimwe cyangwa abiri gusa, cyangwa ntibashobore kuvuga na gato.

Tekereza ukuntu wumva udafite icyo ukora iyo ibi bibaye. Kudashobora kuvugana n'abandi bishobora gutera irungu ndetse no kwiheba. Ushobora kumva uri wenyine mu isi, ntushobore kuvuga icyo utekereza, ntushobore kumva icyo abandi bavuga.

Ese abantu bari muri iki kibazo bashobora kwandika no gusoma?

Ikibabaje ni uko umuntu ufite (Global Aphasia) adafite ubushobozi bwo kwandika cyangwa gusoma. Ubwo bushobozi bubura burundu. Kubera ko iyi ndwara igira ingaruka ku ngingo zose z'ururimi.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera (Global Aphasia)?

Impamvu nyamukuru y'iyi ndwara ni ukwangirika gukomeye kw'impande z'ingenzi mu bwonko bwacu zikorana n'ururimi.Ubwonko bwacu ni ikintu kigoye cyane. Ibice bitandukanye byabwo bikora imirimo itandukanye. By'umwihariko, hari ibice bibiri by'ubwonko twita (agace ka Broca) na (agace ka Wernicke). Ibi ni ibice bidufasha gusobanukirwa ururimi, gukoresha amagambo n'ikibonezamvugo, no kubaka amagambo n'interuro. Kimwe na porogaramu za mudasobwa. Iyo iki (agace ka Broca) cyangiritse, hazabaho ingorane mu kuvuga, kandi niba iki (agace ka Wernicke) cyangiritse, hazabaho ingorane mu gusobanukirwa. Muri (Global Aphasia), hashobora kubaho ingaruka zikomeye kuri ibi bice byombi cyangwa kuri byo.

Hari uburyo bubiri bw'ingenzi ubu bwoko bw'ubwangirike bw'ubwonko bushobora kubaho:

• Indwara ya stroke. Iyi ni yo mpamvu ikunze kugaragara cyane. Mu gihe cy'indwara ya stroke, amaraso anyura mu bwonko arahagarara, bigatuma uturemangingo tw'ubwonko dupfa.
• Ihungabana ry'ubwonko (TBI) ni igikomere gikomeye ku mutwe. Urugero, ingaruka zikomeye ku mutwe, nko kugonga imodoka cyangwa kugwa, zishobora gutera ubu bwoko bw'ibyago.

Global Aphasia ipimwa ite?

Umuganga azasuzuma Global Aphasia agusuzuma, agukorera isuzuma ry’imitsi, kandi agukorere ibindi bizamini. Muri ibi bizamini, umuganga azabaza wowe cyangwa umuforomo wawe ibibazo bijyanye n’ibimenyetso byawe n’amateka y’ubuzima bwawe. Kubera ko ushobora kugira ikibazo cyo kuvuga no gusobanukirwa, bishobora kugufasha cyane kugira umuntu wizeye uri kumwe nawe muri iki gihe. Uwo muntu ashobora kugufasha gusubiza ibibazo umuganga akubaza.

Byongeye kandi, muganga ashobora gusaba ko bapima MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) cyangwa CT (Computed Tomography scan) kugira ngo barebe ingano y'ibyangiritse ku bwonko, ni ukuvuga aho byangiritse mu bwonko n'uburemere bwabyo. Ibi bipima bishobora gufata ishusho y'ubwonko neza.

Kugira ngo wemeze iki kibazo, ushobora koherezwa kwa muganga w’indwara z’ururimi (SLP). Uyu muganga azasuzuma ubuhanga bwawe mu rurimi - kuvuga, kumva, gusoma no kwandika - kugira ngo amenye uburemere bw’ibibazo byawe byo gutunganya indimi. Iri suzuma rizagena kandi ubwoko bw’ubuvuzi buzageragezwa.

Global Aphasia ivurwa ite?

Muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo kuvura indwara yawe (Global Aphasia). Mu kuvura indwara, uzakorana bya hafi n'inzobere mu kuvura indwara z'ururimi rw'imivugire (SLP). Bazagufasha muri ibi bikurikira:

• Bagerageza kugarura ubuhanga bwo kuvuga no kuvugana bwatakaye. Buhoro buhoro, bitoza kwibuka amagambo no gushyira hamwe interuro.
• Menya ubundi buryo bwo kuvugana. Nubwo waba udashobora kuvuga, ushobora kwigaragaza mu bundi buryo.
• Igisha abakunzi bawe n'abakwitaho uburyo bwo kuvugana nawe neza.Kuko nabo bashaka kumenya uburyo bwo kugufasha.

Muganga ashobora kandi gutanga inama ku miti nk'iyi:

Uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura

• Itumanaho ry’inyongera n’Indi Mpinduramatwara (AAC): Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kuvugana utavuga. Umuganga w’inzobere azakwigisha uburyo butandukanye bwo kugaragaza ibyo ukeneye. Urugero, ushobora kubwira umuntu ko ukeneye icyo kurya, kunywa, cyangwa kujya mu bwiherero umwereka amashusho, ibimenyetso, cyangwa icyapa kirimo inyuguti. Ushobora kandi gukoresha igikoresho nka tableti.
• Uburyo bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rigezweho (TVA): Ubu ni uburyo bwo kuvura butari ubwo mu magambo. Umuvuzi akwigisha ibimenyetso (ingendo z'umubiri) kugira ngo agaragaze ibintu bitandukanye. Ingendo zawe zigufasha kuvugana. Urugero, kuvuga ko ushaka kunywa amazi, ushobora kuzunguza intoki zawe nk'aho ufashe ikirahure ukazamura ikiganza cyawe ku munwa. Cyangwa ushobora kwigira nk'aho ufashe isuka ugasokoza umusatsi wawe aho kuvuga ijambo 'isuka'.
• Ubuvuzi bw'umuziki (Melodic Intonation Therapy): Umuvuzi akoresha injyana n'imivugisho kugira ngo akangure ibice by'ubwonko bwawe bitunganya ururimi. Hari igihe byoroshye kuvuga amagambo ku ndirimbo, nk'indirimbo, kuruta kuvuga. Ibi bishobora kunoza imvugo yawe n'uburyo wumva ururimi.

Wibuke ko ubu buryo bwo kuvura butazatanga umusaruro mu ijoro rimwe. Ni ngombwa cyane gukomeza kubukoresha wihanganye kandi witanze.

Byongeye kandi, igeragezwa ry’ubuvuzi ririmo gukorwa kugira ngo hageragezwe uburyo bushya bwo kuvura indwara ya aphasia ku isi n’ubushobozi bwayo. Ushobora kuba wemerewe kugerageza imiti cyangwa uburyo bwo gukangura ubwonko nka Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) muri izi gerageza ry’ubuvuzi. Vugana na muganga wawe kuri ibi.

Ese birashoboka gukira burundu indwara ya Global Aphasia?

Iki ni ikibazo abantu benshi bibaza. Gukira kwawe biterwa n'ibintu byinshi. Urugero, ingano y'ubwonko bwangiritse, aho bwangiritse, imyaka yawe, ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, n'uburyo watangiye kuvurwa vuba. Muganga wawe ashobora kuguha inama nziza ku kibazo cyawe.

Ibimenyetso akenshi biba bikomeye cyane nyuma yo gukomereka mu bwonko cyangwa mu gihe cy'uburwayi bwo mu bwonko. Ariko, ushobora kubona ko ibimenyetso byawe bigenda birushaho kwiyongera mu byumweru n'amezi nyuma y'ibyabaye. Amezi make ya mbere ni bwo uzabona ihinduka rikomeye.

Hari abantu bakira kugeza igihe bashobora gukora neza, ndetse no kuvuga bigoranye. Abandi bashobora kugira ibimenyetso ubuzima bwabo bwose. Mu bihe bikomeye cyane, bashobora kuba bagomba kwihanganira ikibazo cyabo ubuzima bwabo bwose. Ariko ntucike intege. Iyo uvuwe, ubuzima bwawe bushobora kuba bwiza.

Ese iki kibazo gishobora kwirindwa?

Ntidushobora gukumira impamvu zose zishobora gutera impagarara ku isi. Urugero, ikintu nk'impanuka itunguranye. Ariko, hari ibintu ushobora gukora kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byawe:

• Gucunga indwara zose zishobora kukubaho , nka diyabete, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, n'urugero rwa cholesterol. Ibi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara yo mu bwonko.
• Fata ingamba zo kwirinda mu gihe ukora ibikorwa bishobora guteza akaga. Urugero, kwambara ingofero iyo utwaye igare cyangwa moto, no kwambara ingofero zo mu mutwe zirinda umuntu mu gihe ukora mu bwubatsi.
• Hamagara serivisi zihutirwa (nka 911) ukimara kubona ibimenyetso bya mbere by'indwara yo mu bwonko (urugero: kunama ku ruhande rumwe rw'isura, kugira ibinya mu kuboko, kugorwa no kuvuga). Ibi bishobora gufasha kugabanya kwangirika k'ubwonko. Igihe ni ingenzi cyane hano.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga?

Niba wowe cyangwa uwo ukunda mugize ikibazo cy’ururimi gitunguranye kikagira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwawe bwo kuvuga, kumva, kwandika cyangwa gusoma , hita ubonana na muganga. Cyane cyane niba ibi bimenyetso biherekejwe n’ibimenyetso by’indwara yo mu bwonko (kunanuka mu maso, kugira ibinya mu kuboko), ni ikibazo cyihutirwa. Umuganga ashobora kugena uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura indwara yawe.

Ni ibihe bibazo ugomba kubaza muganga wawe?

Niba wita ku muntu ukunda ufite Global Aphasia, bumwe mu buryo bwiza bwo gufasha ni ukubaza ikipe y’abaganga ibibazo by’ingenzi nk’ibi:

• "Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ubukire nshobora kwitega ku muntu wanjye? Ese azakira neza?"
• "Ni kangahe kandi ni igihe kingana iki agomba kujya mu buvuzi bw'imivugire?"
• "Navugana nte n'uwo nkunda ufite (Global Aphasia)? Navuga nte mu buryo yumva kandi bukamufasha?"
• "Ni iki twakora mu rugo kugira ngo turusheho kugira imibereho myiza?"
• "Ese hari izindi ngorane zishobora guterwa n'iki kibazo?"

Mu gihe usoma iyi nkuru, biragoye kwiyumvisha uko umuntu urwaye Global Aphasia yumva ameze. Kuririmba amagambo y'indirimbo ukunda, gusoma umutwe w'ikinyamakuru, cyangwa guseka n'inshuti bishobora kuba ibintu bidashoboka mu buryo butunguranye nyuma yo kugira indwara yo mu bwonko. Kutabasha kwiyumvamo cyangwa kumva abandi bishobora kuba ikintu cyo kwigunga cyane. Ariko ntugomba guhangana nabyo wenyine. Abaganga, abahanga mu by'imivugire, umuryango, n'inshuti bazakorana nawe n'abakunzi bawe kugira ngo bakore gahunda y'ubuvuzi ijyanye n'ibyo ukeneye. Bashobora kugufasha kwiga uburyo bushya bwo kwigaragaza mu buryo bworoshye kandi bunoze bwo gutuma itumanaho rirushaho kuba ryiza.

Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo

Nubwo Global Aphasia ari indwara iteye ubwoba kandi igoye, hamwe n’ubuvuzi bukwiye, ubuvuzi bwo kuvuga, n’ubufasha bw’abakunzi, hari amahirwe yo kunoza ubuhanga bwo kuvugana ku rugero runaka no guhindura ubuzima bwawe. Ikintu cy’ingenzi ni ugushaka inama z’abaganga ukimara kubona ibimenyetso no kwitabira ubuvuzi witanze kandi wihanganye. Wibuke ko wowe cyangwa uwo ukunda mutari mwenyine muri uru rugendo, hari abantu benshi bagufasha kandi bakagushyigikira. Ntucike intege!

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