Ese urugero rwa kalisiyumu mu maraso yawe ruri hejuru? Reka tuvuge kuri Hypercalcemia mu magambo make!

Ese hari igihe wumva unaniwe, ubabara umubiri, cyangwa uhora ufite inyota? Ushobora gutekereza ko ibi ari ibintu bisanzwe. Ariko ibi bishobora no kuba ibimenyetso by'urugero rwinshi rwa kalisiyumu mu maraso yawe. Ibyo ni byo twita hypercalcemia mu buvuzi. Ntugahangayike, iki akenshi si ikibazo gikomeye. Reka tuganire kuri byose mu buryo bworoshye kandi busobanutse.

Mu magambo make, Hypercalcemia ni iki?

Hypercalcemia ni igihe ufite kalisiyumu nyinshi mu maraso yawe kuruta uko bisanzwe. Hari igihe ishobora kuba nyinshi gato, ubundi ikaba nyinshi cyane. Nanone, kuri bamwe ni iby'igihe gito ikagenda, mu gihe ku bandi ishobora kubaho ubuzima bwose.

Noneho ushobora kuba utekereza uti, kalisiyumu ni nziza ku magufwa, none se bigenda bite iyo kalisiyumu mu maraso yiyongera? Nibyo koko, kalisiyumu nyinshi mu mubiri wacu iba iri mu magufwa yacu. Ariko, hagomba kuba hari na kalisiyumu mu maraso. Uzi impamvu?

• Ku mikorere y'imitsi yacu: Kalisiyumu ni ingenzi mu kohereza ubutumwa binyuze mu mitsi.
• Imikorere y'imitsi: Kalisiyumu ifasha imitsi yacu gufunga no kuruhuka, bivuze ko tugenda.
• Amaraso afungana: Iyo hari igikomere ahantu runaka kandi amaraso atemba, kalisiyumu irakenewe kugira ngo amaraso afungane kugira ngo amaraso ahagarike kuva.
• Imikorere y'umutima: Kalisiyumu igira uruhare runini mu gutuma umutima wacu utera neza.

Kubera ko ikora ibintu byinshi by'ingenzi, umubiri wacu ugenzura neza urugero rwa kalisiyumu mu maraso yacu. Imisemburo ibiri ifasha muri ibi. Ni yo misemburo ya parathyroid na calcitonin . Byongeye kandi, vitamine D nayo ni ingenzi kugira ngo umubiri ushobore kwinjiza kalisiyumu mu biribwa turya.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya Hypercalcemia na Hypocalcemia?

Aya magambo yombi asa gato, si byo se? Ariko afite ibisobanuro bitandukanye rwose. Mu buvuzi, ijambo "Hyper" risobanura "birenze urugero." "Hypo" bivuga "bito cyane." Rero itandukaniro riri hagati y'ayo magambo yombi rirasobanutse neza.

Ni nde ushobora kugira iyi ndwara kurusha abandi?

Hypercalcemia ishobora kubaho mu myaka iyo ari yo yose, ku muntu uwo ari we wese. Ariko, ikunze kugaragara cyane ku bagore barengeje imyaka 50 , cyane cyane nyuma yo gucura. Akenshi, iterwa n'umusemburo wa parathyroid ukora cyane, nk'uko twabiganiriyeho mbere.

Bivugwa ko hagati ya 1% na 2% by'abaturage muri rusange bafite iyi ndwara. Muri bo, 90% bivugwa ko bafite hypercalcemia iterwa n'ikibazo cya parathyroid glands (hyperparathyroidism y'ibanze) cyangwa indwara ya kanseri.

Ese hypercalcemia itera ubuzima mu kaga?

Ariko, iyo urugero rwa kalisiyumu ruri hejuru cyane (hypercalcemia ikomeye), bishobora guteza ibibazo bikomeye. Muri icyo gihe, hakenewe ubuvuzi bwihuse. Muri icyo gihe gikomeye, ibi bikurikira bishobora kubaho:

• Kunanirwa kw'impyiko
• Umutima utari mwiza (Arrhythmia)
• Urujijo
• Koma

Nubwo ibi akenshi atari ibintu bikomeye, ntabwo ari ibintu byoroshye gufata nk'aho ari ibintu byoroheje.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya Hypercalcemia?

Nkuko twabivuze mbere, abantu benshi bashobora kutagaragaza ibimenyetso, cyane cyane iyo urugero rwa kalisiyumu rwabo ruri hejuru gato. Ariko, iyo urugero rwa kalisiyumu ruri hejuru cyane cyangwa iyo indwara ikomeje igihe kirekire, ibimenyetso bikurikira bishobora kubaho.

Kuki kalisiyumu mu maraso yiyongera gutya? Ni izihe mpamvu?

Hari impamvu nyinshi zitera hypercalcemia. Indwara zimwe na zimwe, imiti, no kubura amazi mu mubiri byose bishobora kubitera. Ariko impamvu ebyiri z'ingenzi ni uturemangingo tw’amaraso dukora cyane hamwe na kanseri.

1. Ikibazo cy'uturemangingo twa parathyroid (Indwara y'ibanze ya hyperparathyroidism)

Tekereza ko hari abagenzuzi bane bato mu mubiri wacu bagenzura urugero rwa kalisiyumu. Utu dukoko tune twa parathyroid turi mu ijosi ryacu, inyuma ya tiroyide. Akazi kabo ka mbere ni ugukora imisemburo ya parathyroid (PTH), igenzura urugero rwa kalisiyumu mu maraso. Iyo imwe cyangwa nyinshi muri izi misemburo itangiye gukora cyane kubera impamvu runaka, kalisiyumu nyinshi irarunda mu maraso. Iyi ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru itera hypercalcemia.

2. Kanseri

Amoko amwe ya kanseri ashobora kandi gutera urugero rwinshi rwa kalisiyumu mu maraso. Ibi byitwa hypercalcemia ya kanseri. Hypercalcemia iterwa na kanseri ikunze kwigaragaza vuba kandi ishobora kuba ikomeye. Amoko amwe ya kanseri ashobora kuyitera ni:

• Kanseri y'ibihaha
• Kanseri y'ibere
• Myeloma nyinshi, kanseri y'uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umweru
• Kanseri y'impyiko
• Leukemia na Lymphoma
• Rhabdomyosarcoma

3. Imiti imwe n'imwe

Iyi ndwara ishobora kandi guterwa n'imiti imwe na imwe na vitamine dufata.

• Diuretics ya Thiazide: Hari imiti imwe n'imwe igabanya ubukana bw'amaraso (urugero: Hydrochlorothiazide) ikoreshwa mu kuvura umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso no kubika amazi mu mubiri.
• Lithium: Umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura indwara zimwe na zimwe zo mu mutwe.
• Vitamine na kalisiyumu: Gufata vitamine D nyinshi, vitamine A, cyangwa inyunganiramirire ya kalisiyumu.
• Aside: Gufata ibinini byinshi bya kalisiyumu karubone (nka Tums® cyangwa Rolaids®) dukunze gufata mu gihe cyo gutwika igifu bishobora kongera urugero rwa kalisiyumu by'agateganyo.

4. Izindi mpamvu

Uretse ibi, hari izindi mpamvu nyinshi zidasanzwe.

• Indwara z'ibihaha nka sarcoidosis n'igituntu.
• Kunanirwa kw'impyiko.
• Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis).
• Kuba umuntu ahora aryamye mu buriri igihe kirekire.
• Indwara ziterwa n'amagufwa nka Paget's disease of the flesh.

Ni gute wamenya iyi ndwara?

Akenshi ikunze kugaragara mu gihe cyo gupima amaraso buri gihe bitewe n'indi mpamvu. Ibizamini nka Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) cyangwa Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) nabyo bipima urugero rwa kalisiyumu mu maraso. Ibi bishobora gufasha kubitahura mbere yuko ibimenyetso bigaragara.

Muganga wawe azasuzuma uburemere bw'indwara akurikije urugero rwa kalisiyumu mu maraso yawe.

Niba urugero rwa kalisiyumu mu maraso yawe ruri hejuru, muganga wawe azagusuzuma, abaza imiti yawe n'amateka y'ubuzima bw'umuryango wawe. Niba nta mpamvu igaragara yabonetse, ushobora koherezwa kwa muganga w'indwara z'imitsi.

Birashoboka ko hashobora gukorwa ibindi bipimo byinshi kugira ngo hamenyekane impamvu nyayo.

• Isuzuma ry'amaraso ripima urugero rw'imisemburo ya parathyroid (PTH).
• Gupima amaraso kugira ngo harebwe urugero rwa Vitamine D.
• Ikizamini cyo kugenzura urugero rwa kalisiyumu mu nkari.
• Isuzuma rya ultrasound cyangwa CT kugira ngo harebwe niba hari ikibyimba cyangwa kubyimba mu mitsi ya parathyroid.

Ivurwa ite?

Uburyo bwo kuvura hypercalcemia buterwa n'impamvu n'uburemere bw'iyo ndwara.

Ku ndwara zoroheje

Niba urugero rwa kalisiyumu mu mubiri wawe ruri hejuru gato, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo:

• Nywa amazi menshi: Ibi bigabanya umwuma mu mubiri kandi bigafasha gukuraho kalisiyumu nyinshi binyuze mu nkari.
• Guhindura imiti: Niba ufata imiti yo mu bwoko bwa thiazide ivura umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, ushobora gusabwa guhindura undi muti.
• Guhagarika imiti igabanya ubukana: Hagarika gufata imiti igabanya ubukana bwa kalisiyumu cyangwa vitamine D, ibinini bigabanya ubukana bwa aside birimo kalisiyumu, cyangwa ugabanye urugero rw'imiti.

Ubuvuzi bushingiye ku mpamvu

• Iyo hari ikibazo ku ngirabuzimafatizo za parathyroid: Akenshi, uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura ni ukubaga kugira ngo ingirabuzimafatizo cyangwa ingirabuzimafatizo zikore cyane.
• Iyo indwara iterwa na kanseri: Imiti nka bisphosphonates cyangwa denosumab ishobora gutangwa.

Ku ndwara zikomeye

Ariko, niba urugero rwa kalisiyumu mu mubiri wawe ruri hejuru cyane kandi ibimenyetso byawe bikaba bikomeye, muganga wawe ashobora gufata icyemezo cyo kukwakira mu bitaro akaguha amazi yo mu mitsi (IV fluids) n'ubundi buryo bwo kuvura. Ibi bishobora kugabanya vuba urugero rwa kalisiyumu mu mubiri wawe no gukumira ingorane.

Ni izihe ngorane zishobora guterwa n'iyi ndwara?

Ingorane z'igihe kirekire ntizikunze kubaho kuko iyi ndwara ikunze kumenyekana hakiri kare. Ariko, iyo idavuwe igihe kirekire, ibibazo bikurikira bishobora kubaho:

• Ubwinshi bwa kalisiyumu mu mpyiko (Nephrocalcinosis) n'imikorere y'impyiko idakora neza.
• Amabuye yo mu mpyiko.
• Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso (Hypertension).
• Kwiheba.
• Indwara yo gucika kw'amagufwa no kuvunika amagufwa byoroshye.

Ese byakwirindwa? Ni ryari nkwiye kujya kwa muganga?

Si indwara zose za hypercalcemia zishobora kwirindwa. Ariko, udafite inama ya muganga,Ni byiza kwirinda gufata ibinini bya kalisiyumu, vitamine, n'imiti igabanya aside irimo kalisiyumu bitari ngombwa.

Igihe ugomba kujya kwa muganga:

• Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite amateka yo kurwara calcium nyinshi, indwara ya parathyroid, cyangwa amabuye y'impyiko, ganira na muganga wawe kuri ibyo.
• Niba ufite kimwe mu bimenyetso twavuze muri iyi nkuru (nk'inyota ikabije, kwihagarika kenshi, kubabara umubiri, isesemi), hita ubonana na muganga.

Ni ibisanzwe kumva ufite ubwoba no guhangayika iyo umaze gusanganwa indwara. Ariko ibuka ko hypercalcemia ari indwara ivurwa. Iyo urugero rwa kalisiyumu mu mubiri wawe rusubiye ku rugero rwiza, ibimenyetso bizashira. Ntutinye kubaza muganga wawe ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose ufite kuri ibi.