Ese ufite isukari nyinshi mu maraso? Reka twige byose ku bijyanye na hyperglycemia!

Ese hari igihe wumva utameze neza? Unaniwe gusa, cyangwa uhora ufite inyota? Ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by'uko isukari mu maraso yawe iri hejuru gato. Uyu munsi, tugiye kuvuga kuri iyi ndwara yitwa isukari nyinshi mu maraso, cyangwa icyo abaganga bita "Hyperglycemia." Ntugahangayike, iki ni ikintu abantu benshi bafite, kandi ni ngombwa kucyimenya.

Isukari nyinshi mu maraso bivuze iki? (Hyperglycemia)

Mu magambo make, `(Hyperglycemia)` bivuze ko ingano y'isukari, cyangwa isukari, mu maraso yawe iri hejuru cyane. Ibi bibaho iyo umubiri wacu ufite insuline nkeya cyane, cyangwa iyo umubiri wacu udashobora gukoresha insuline neza (ibi byitwa insuline resistance) .

Hyperglycemia ikunze kuba bivuze ko urwaye diyabete . Abantu barwaye diyabete bakunze kugira isukari nyinshi mu maraso. Iyo iyi sukari nyinshi mu maraso idakira igihe kirekire, ishobora kwangiza imitsi yawe, imiyoboro y'amaraso, ingirabuzima fatizo n'ingingo.

Hari igihe, iyo isukari yo mu maraso irenze urugero, ishobora gutera indwara itunguranye kandi ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga yitwa diyabete ketoacidosis (DKA) . Ibi ni bibi cyane ku bantu barwaye diyabete bafata insuline ndetse n'abarwaye diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 itaramenyekana. Ibi bisaba ubuvuzi bwihuse.

Ni isukari ingana iki mu maraso ifatwa nk'iy'umuntu uri hejuru?

Iki ni ikintu gikwiye gusobanurwa gato.

• Ku muntu utarafatwa na diyabete, iyo igipimo cy'isukari mu maraso kiri hejuru ya 125 mg/dL (miligarama kuri desilita imwe) nyuma yo kwiyiriza ubusa nibura amasaha 8 , bifatwa nk'"Hyperglycemia".
• Iyo igipimo cy'isukari mu mubiri w'umuntu kiri hagati ya 100 mg/dL na 125 mg/dL, bifatwa nk'igipimo cya diyabete itaratangira . Ibi bivuze ko hari ibyago byinshi byo kurwara diyabete.
• Iyo igipimo cya glucose mu gihe umuntu yiriwe mu birori kiri hejuru ya 125 mg/dL, diyabete ikunze kugaragara - akenshi iyi ni diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2. Iyo abantu bagaragaye ko barwaye diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1, igipimo cy'isukari mu maraso yabo gikunze kuba kiri hejuru cyane (kirenga 250 mg/dL).

Ku muntu urwaye diyabete, igipimo cy'isukari mu maraso kirenze 180 mg/dL mu isaha imwe cyangwa ebyiri nyuma yo kurya gifatwa nk'"Hyperglycemia." Ariko, izi ndangagaciro zishobora gutandukana bitewe n'intego z'isukari mu maraso. Ugomba kuvugana na muganga wawe kugira ngo umenye neza intego yawe.

Iyi 'sukari' (Glucose) iri mu maraso ni iyihe?

Isukari, cyangwa isukari gusa, ni isoko nyamukuru y'ingufu ku mibiri yacu, ikomoka kuri karubohidrati turya. Iyi ni yo soko nyamukuru y'ingufu z'umubiri wacu. Iyi sukari iva mu maraso yawe ijya muri buri turemangingo two mu mubiri wawe kandi igakoreshwa nk'ingufu.

Niba udafite diyabete, hari ibintu byinshi bisanzwe mu mibiri yacu bifasha mu gutuma urugero rw'isukari mu maraso rukomeza ku rugero rwiza. Ikintu cy'ingenzi gituma ibi bibaho ni imisemburo yitwa insuline , ikorwa na pancreas yacu.

Isukari nyinshi mu maraso ikunze guterwa no kubura insuline cyangwa ubudahangarwa bwa insuline. Ibi nibyo bitera diyabete. Abantu barwaye diyabete bagomba gufata imiti (yaba imiti inyobwa cyangwa insuline y’ubukorano) cyangwa guhindura imibereho yabo kugira ngo bagenzure urugero rw’isukari mu maraso.

Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara gute?

Isukari nyinshi mu maraso na diyabete ni indwara zikunze kugaragara cyane. Urugero, umuntu umwe ku icumi muri Amerika arwaye diyabete. Isukari nyinshi mu maraso nayo ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bantu barwaye diyabete. Iyi ndwara ubu imaze kuba isanzwe mu gihugu cyacu.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'isukari nyinshi mu maraso?

Iyo igipimo cy'isukari mu maraso kizamutse, ushobora kutabona ibimenyetso bikomeye ako kanya. Ariko, ushobora gutangira kubona ibi bimenyetso buhoro buhoro.

Ibimenyetso bigaragara vuba:

• Inyota ikabije (polydipsia) cyangwa kumva ushonje.
• Gukenera kunyara kenshi.
• Kuribwa umutwe (umutwe).
• Kutabona neza gato.

Ibimenyetso bigaragara iyo urugero rw'isukari rwiyongeye uko igihe kigenda gihita:

• Numva ndushye cyane.
• Kugabanya ibiro (nta mpamvu).
• Abagore bafite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara indwara z'umusemburo mu gitsina .
• Indwara z'uruhu .
• Ibikomere bifata igihe kugira ngo bikire.

Niba wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, ni ngombwa cyane kubonana na muganga kugira ngo aguhe inama.

Igipimo cya glucose abantu barwaye diyabete batangira kugira ibimenyetso kiratandukanye bitewe n'umuntu ku giti cye. Abantu benshi ntibabona ibimenyetso bikomeye kugeza igihe isukari yabo yo mu maraso igeze kuri 250 mg/dL cyangwa irenga. Ariko, abantu batarafatwa barwaye diyabete bashobora kubona ibimenyetso ku gipimo gito.

Niba ufata imiti ya insuline cyangwa indi miti ya diyabete, ni ngombwa kumenya ibimenyetso bya mbere by'isukari iri hejuru mu maraso no kugenzura buri gihe urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe. Iyo itavuwe, iyi ndwara (hyperglycemia) ishobora gutera indwara ya diyabete ya ketoacidosis (DKA).Ibi bishobora gutera indwara ikomeye yitwa ketoacidosis. Ibi bibaho mu maraso ahinduka aside bitewe no kubura insuline ndetse no kwiyongera kw'ibintu byitwa ketones. Ibi bishobora no kwibasira abantu barwaye diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 itaramenyekana. Ibi bishobora kuba byihutirwa, bigatera koma cyangwa urupfu.

Indwara mbi: Ibimenyetso bya ketoacidosis ya diyabete (DKA):

• Isesemi no kuruka.
• Kubura amazi mu mubiri - kubura amazi mu mubiri.
• Ububabare bwo mu nda.
• Uruhu rw'impumuro nziza y'imbuto.
• Guhumeka cyane, gukomeye cyangwa guhumeka vuba (Guhumeka kwa Kussmaul).
• Umutima utera vuba cyane.
• Urujijo no kubura aho ujya.
• Gutakaza ubwenge.

Niba wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mufite ibi bimenyetso bya `(DKA)`, shaka ubufasha bwa muganga byihutirwa!

Kuki isukari mu maraso yiyongera gutya? Ni izihe mpamvu?

Impamvu nyamukuru ituma isukari nyinshi mu maraso iba nyinshi ni ukubura insuline. Ibi bishobora guterwa no kudakora insuline cyangwa ibibazo bya pancreas yacu, ari nayo ikora insuline.

Indi misemburo ishobora no kugira uruhare mu gutuma isukari izamuka mu maraso. Urugero, kwiyongera k'umusemburo wa cortisol (uzwi kandi nka "hormone ya stress") cyangwa imisemburo yo gukura na byo bishobora kugira uruhare mu gutuma isukari izamuka mu maraso.

Ubudahangarwa bwa insuline

Impamvu ikunze gutera hyperglycemia ni ubudahangarwa bwa insuline . Ibi bibaho iyo imitsi yawe, ibinure n'umwijima bidakira insuline neza.

Iyo uturemangingo twawe tudakiriye insuline neza, umubiri wawe ukeneye insuline nyinshi kugira ngo ugenzure isukari yo mu maraso yawe. Niba umubiri wawe udashobora gukora insuline ihagije (cyangwa niba utayifata), isukari yo mu maraso yawe iriyongera.

Kudakora insuline ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru itera diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2. Ariko, ishobora no kugaragara ku bantu badafite diyabete no ku bandi bantu bafite diyabete. Ishobora kuba iy'igihe gito cyangwa iy'igihe kirekire.

Impamvu zimwe na zimwe zikunze gutera ubudahangarwa bwa insuline:

• Umubyibuho ukabije: Abahanga mu bya siyansi bemeza ko umubyibuho ukabije, cyane cyane ibinure byinshi mu gice cyo mu nda no hafi y'ingingo (twita 'ibinure byo mu nda' ), ari yo mpamvu ikomeye ituma insuline idakora neza.
• Kudakora imyitozo ngororamubiri.
• Indyo irimo ibiryo byatunganyijwe cyane, birimo karubohidrati nyinshi n'ibinure byuzuye.
• Imiti imwe n'imwe: Urugero , corticosteroids, imiti imwe n'imwe y'umuvuduko w'amaraso, imiti imwe n'imwe ivura virusi itera SIDA, hamwe n'indi miti yo mu mutwe. Iyi miti ishobora gutera ubudahangarwa bwa insuline, haba mu gihe gito cyangwa kirekire, bitewe n'igihe uyifata.

Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe zishobora gutera ubudahangarwa bwa insuline:

• Indwara ya Cushing (cortisol yiyongera).
• Acromegaly (imisemburo yo gukura yiyongera).
• Gutwita: Mu gihe cyo gutwita, imisemburo iva mu nyababyeyi ishobora gutera ubudahangarwa bwa insuline. Ibi bishobora gutera diyabete yo mu gihe cyo gutwita kuri bamwe.

Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe ziterwa n’uturemangingo tw’umubiri ziterwa no kudakora insuline:

• `Indwara ya Rabson-Mendenhall`
• `Indwara ya Donohue`
• `Myotonic dystrophy`
• `Alström syndrome`
• 'Indwara ya Werner'

Ibibazo by'impanyangingo

Kwangirika kwa pancreas yawe bishobora gutuma umusemburo wa insuline ugabanuka, bigatera hyperglycemia. Zimwe mu ndwara za pancreas zishobora gutera hyperglycemia na diyabete zirimo:

• Indwara y’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri: Muri diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1, ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bwawe bwibasira uturemangingo dukora insuline mu ipansya yawe ku mpamvu itazwi. Ibi bivuze ko pansya yawe idashobora gukora insuline, bigatera hyperglycemia. Indwara yitwa Latent Autoimmune Diabete mu Bakuze (LADA) nayo iterwa n’ingaruka z’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri, ariko ikura buhoro buhoro kurusha diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1.
• Pancreatitis idakira: Iyi ndwara itera kubyimba kwa pancreas igihe kirekire, bishobora kwangiza uturemangingo dukora insuline. Ibi bishobora gutuma insuline ibura (hyperglycemia). Pancreatitis izwiho kuba intandaro ya diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 3c .
• Kanseri y'indurwe: Kanseri y'indurwe ishobora kwangiza uturemangingo dukora insuline, bigatuma insuline ibura (hyperglycemia). Abantu bagera kuri 25% barwaye kanseri y'indurwe bafatwa diyabete amezi 6 kugeza kuri 36 mbere yuko kanseri imenyekana.
• Indwara ya cystic fibrosis: Abantu bafite indwara ya cystic fibrosis bashobora kugira inkovu muri pancreas zabo bitewe no gukora cyane kw'amatembabuzi. Ibi bigabanya ingano ya insuline pancreas yabo ikora, bigatera hyperglycemia na diyabete iterwa na cystic fibrosis (CFRD) .

Impamvu zitera kwiyongera kw'isukari by'agateganyo

Hari ubwo abantu barwaye diyabete n'abatayirwaye bashobora kugira ubwiyongere bw'igihe gito bw'isukari mu maraso, bigatera hyperglycemia.

• Imihangayiko y'umubiri, nk'uburwayi, kubagwa, cyangwa gukomerekaIbi bishobora kongera isukari mu maraso by'agateganyo.
• Imihangayiko ikomeye mu byiyumvo , nk'ikibazo cy'ihungabana cyangwa stress iterwa n'akazi, nabyo bishobora gutuma urugero rw'isukari mu maraso rwiyongera. Ibi biterwa no kurekura imisemburo yitwa cortisol cyangwa epinephrine (adrenaline) .

Impamvu zidasanzwe zitera isukari nyinshi mu maraso ku bantu barwaye diyabete

Hari impamvu nyinshi zituma abantu barwaye diyabete bashobora kugira isukari nyinshi mu maraso. Ibi bishobora kubaho iyo ibintu nk'imirire n'imiti ya diyabete bidahuye neza.

Ibintu bikunze gutera ``Hyperglycemia`` ku bantu barwaye diyabete:

• Kutafata insuline ihagije, gufata ubwoko butari bwo bwa insuline, gufata insuline yarengeje igihe, cyangwa ikibazo cy'aho insuline yatewe (urugero, ikibazo cy'aho yatewe ku muntu ukoresha ipompo ya insuline).
• Igihe kitari cyo cyo gufata insuline na carbohydrate.
• Ingano ya karubohidrati urya ishobora kudahura n'ingano ya insuline umubiri wawe ushobora gukora cyangwa ingano ya insuline utera.
• Ntabwo unywa imiti ihagije ya diyabete.
• Kudakora cyane nk'uko bisanzwe.
• Indwara ya Dawn: Kwiyongera kw'isukari mu maraso mu gitondo cya kare.

Ni izihe ngorane zishobora kubaho iyo isukari ikomeje kwiyongera mu maraso?

Iyo umaze imyaka myinshi ufite igipimo cy'isukari iri hejuru mu maraso (hyperglycemia idakira), bishobora kwangiza imiyoboro y'amaraso n'uturemangingo. Ibi bishobora gutera ingorane zitandukanye. Zimwe muri zo ni:

• Retinopathy, ifata amaso .
• Nephropathy, ifata impyiko .
• Ubwonko, bugira ingaruka ku mitsi .
• Gastroparesis, igabanya ubushyuhe mu gifu .
• Indwara z'umutima .
• Indwara yo mu bwonko (stroke) .

Ikintu cy'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka ni uko izindi mpamvu, nk'ingaruka z'uturemangingo n'igihe umaze urwaye diyabete, na zo zishobora kugira ingaruka ku iterambere ry'ibibazo bya diyabete.

Ubwiyongere butunguranye kandi bukomeye bw'isukari mu maraso (hyperglycemia ikabije) bushobora gutera indwara ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga yitwa diyabete ketoacidosis (DKA) .

Ni gute wasuzuma ibi?

Abaganga bategeka ko hapimwa amaraso kugira ngo barebe niba hari hyperglycemia ikabije no gusuzuma diyabete. Ibi bizamini bishobora kuba birimo:

• Gupima isukari mu buryo bwo kwiyiriza ubusa.
• Ibipimo byo kwihanganira isukari.
• Ikizamini cya A1c.

Abantu barwaye diyabete bapima isukari mu maraso yabo mu rugo (bakoresheje icyuma gipima isukari mu maraso). Ibi bituma bashobora kugenzura urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yabo no gusuzuma ko bafite hyperglycemia. Iyo ukoresheje uburyo bwo kugenzura isukari mu maraso (CGM) , bushobora kukwereka igihe isukari mu maraso yawe iri hejuru. Ariko, ubu buryo rimwe na rimwe bushobora kuba butari bwo, bityo niba ibipimo bya CGM bidahuye n'uko wumva, ni ngombwa kugenzura isukari mu maraso yawe ukoresheje icyuma gipima isukari mu maraso.

Ni gute wagenzura isukari nyinshi mu maraso? (Ubuvuzi)

Iyo ufata insuline kugira ngo ugenzure diyabete yawe, uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura isukari nyinshi mu maraso ni ugutera insuline. Buri wese akeneye ingano itandukanye ya insuline. Wowe na muganga wawe muzahitamo hamwe ingano nziza yo kuvura no gukumira isukari nyinshi mu maraso kuri wewe. Guhindura imirire no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri nabyo bishobora gufasha mu kugenzura isukari mu maraso yawe no gukumira hyperglycemia.

Abantu barwaye diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 badakeneye gufata insuline bashobora kugenzura ubwiyongere bw'ibinure mu mubiri wabo binyuze mu guhindura imibereho yabo (nk'imirire n'imyitozo ngororamubiri) ndetse n'imiti ikoreshwa mu kunywa ya diyabete. Wowe na muganga wawe nibo bazahitamo gahunda ikubereye.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibyiringiro ushobora kugira mu gihe ubayeho muri iki kibazo?

Uko abantu barwaye diyabete itera imbere biterwa n'uburyo bagenzura diyabete yabo muri rusange.

Hari ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka ku buryo umuntu ashobora kugenzura diyabete ye:

• Kubona serivisi z'ubuzima.
• Kubona inyigisho ku ndwara ya diyabete.
• Kubona ikoranabuhanga ryo kurwanya diyabete n'imiti.
• Ubushobozi bwo kubona uburyo bwo kurya no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri.
• Inkunga ituruka ku bakunzi.
• Indwara zo mu mutwe (urugero: kwiheba, guhangayika).
• Izindi ndwara z'umubiri.

Isukari y'umusemburo w'igihe kirekire ishobora gutera ingorane zikomeye, kandi izi ngorane akenshi ntizishobora gusubizwa inyuma. Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwagaragaje ko isukari y'umusemburo w'igihe kirekire itavuwe igabanya igihe cyo kubaho kandi ikagabanya ubuzima bwiza.

Igikuru ni ukumenya ko ushobora kubaho ubuzima bwiza urwaye diyabete. Ibi bintu ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo ubeho neza:

• Impinduka mu mibereho.
• Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe.
• Impinduka mu mirire.
• Gusuzuma isukari mu maraso buri gihe (cyane cyane ku bafata insuline).

Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko abantu barwaye diyabeteKugumana urugero rwa A1C ruri munsi ya 7% bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo guhura n'ibibazo.

Ni gute wakwirinda ko isukari nyinshi mu maraso ikunze kwiyongera?

Ikibabaje ni uko bigoye kwirinda burundu isukari nyinshi mu maraso iyo urwaye diyabete. Ariko, ushobora guhindura gahunda yawe yo gucunga diyabete kugira ngo ugerageze kugabanya inshuro isukari nyinshi mu maraso ikunze kwiyongera.

Ibi biroroshye kubikora wowe na muganga wawe mu gihe mumaze gusobanukirwa icyateye isukari nyinshi mu maraso. Ha muganga wawe ibisobanuro birambuye bishoboka kuri buri gihe isukari yawe mu maraso iba iri hejuru. Hari igihe igisubizo cy'ikibazo gishobora kuba cyoroshye nko guhindura amasaha ufata imiti, urya, cyangwa ukora imyitozo ngororamubiri.

Izi ntambwe zishobora gufasha kwirinda isukari nyinshi mu maraso:

• Fata imiti yawe yose uko byategetswe.
• Kurikiza inama za muganga wawe ku bijyanye n'imirire n'imyitozo ngororamubiri.
• Suzuma isukari yawe mu maraso buri gihe.

Ni ryari wagombye kujya kwa muganga ku bijyanye n'isukari nyinshi mu maraso?

Niba urwaye diyabete kandi ukaba ukunze kugira icyorezo cy'isukari nyinshi mu maraso, gana muganga wawe agufasha kuvura diyabete yawe. Ashobora kugufasha guhindura gahunda yawe yo kuyivura. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo guhindura uburyo bwo kuyivura, gahunda yo kurya, cyangwa gahunda yo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri.

Ni ryari ugomba kujya mu Ishami ry’Ubuvuzi bw’Ingoboka (ETU) ?

Niba ufite ibimenyetso bya `(DKA)` (urugero: kuruka no kugira inyota nyinshi hamwe n'isukari nyinshi mu maraso), jya mu cyumba cy'ubutabazi bwihuse. `(DKA)` isaba ubufasha bwihuse bwa muganga.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'isukari nyinshi mu maraso (Hyperglycemia) n'isukari nke mu maraso (Hypoglycemia)?

• Isukari nyinshi mu maraso ni ukwiyongera kw'isukari mu maraso. "Hyper-" bivuze "hejuru" cyangwa "kurenga."
• Hypoglycemia ni isukari nke mu maraso. "Hypo-" bivuze "hasi."

Isukari nyinshi ikabije mu bantu barwaye diyabete. Gusuzuma isukari mu maraso yawe buri gihe no kubonana na muganga wawe wa diyabete bishobora kugufasha gucunga diyabete yawe na hyperglycemia. Wibuke ko isukari nyinshi mu maraso atari ikintu ugomba guhora ukora. Menya ko hari ibintu ushobora gukora kugira ngo uyirinde. Niba wumva uremerewe no gucunga diyabete yawe, vugana na muganga wawe. Muri kumwe, mushobora gushyiraho gahunda yo kugera ku ntego zanyu zo gucunga.

Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo

Rero, uhereye ku byo twavuze, ugomba gusobanukirwa icyo isukari iri hejuru mu maraso, cyangwa "Hyperglycemia" ari cyo, impamvu zayo, ibimenyetso byayo, n'uburyo bwo kuyirwanya.

Igikuru ni ukubonana na muganga niba ufite ibi bimenyetso. Iyo bigaragaye hakiri kare kandi bigafatwa neza, ushobora kubaho ubuzima bwiza kandi bushimishije.

• Menya neza urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe.
• Koresha imiti wahawe na muganga neza.
• Kurya indyo yuzuye .
• Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe.
• Gerageza kugabanya stress .

Nubikora neza, uzafashwa cyane kwirinda "Hyperglycemia" n'ingorane zishobora guterwa na diyabete. Ntabwo uri wenyine, kandi hari abantu benshi bashobora kugufasha muri uru rugendo.

Isukari nyinshi ikabije mu maraso, diyabete, isukari mu maraso, insuline, ibimenyetso, DKA, Ubudahangarwa bwa insuline