Abagenga imikorere y'imibiri yacu: Ese tuvuge gusa kuri chromosomes?

Muraho! Muraho? Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku kintu gitangaje kandi cy'ingenzi kiri mu mibiri yacu, ariko ntabwo tubitekerezaho cyane. Ese wigeze wibaza impamvu ibara ry'amaso yawe rimeze nk'irya nyoko, cyangwa ibara ry'umusatsi wawe rimeze nk'irya so? Wenda hari uwavuze ko inseko yawe imeze nk'irya nyirabukwe, sibyo? Chromosomes ni ikintu gifitanye isano n'ibi byose, kandi kiboneka muri buri gice gito cy'imibiri yacu. Nubwo izina rishobora kumvikana nk'ikintu gikomeye, ntugire ikibazo, iki ni ikintu gishobora kumvikana mu buryo bworoshye. Reka tubiganireho uyu munsi, kimwe no kuganira n'inshuti.

Mu by'ukuri izi selile ni iki? Reka dutangire aho!

Tekereza umubiri wawe wose nk'inzu nini kandi nziza. Iyi nzu ikozwe mu matafari mato ya za miriyari. Nta tafari na rimwe dushobora kubona ubwaryo, ariko iyo tubishyize hamwe, dushobora gukora inzu nini. Muri ubwo buryo, imibiri yacu igizwe n'uduce duto tutagaragara. Utwo ni two twita uturemangingo . Utwo turemangingo ni duto cyane ku buryo dukeneye igikoresho cyihariye, mikorosikopi, kugira ngo tubone.

Utu tunyangingo tuboneka mu ruhu rwacu, mu mutima wacu, mu bwonko , mu maso, no mu mubiri wacu wose. Ni nk'aho buri cyumba n'urukuta byo mu nzu bikora mu matafari. Buri tunyangingo dufite akazi kacyo. Hari uturemangingo duterana kugira ngo dukore uruhu, kandi hari n'utwo duterana kugira ngo dukore umutima . Ntabwo ari igitangaza?

None se izi chromosomes ziherereye he? Zigaragara gute?

Noneho, ubu tumenye iby'uturemangingo. Nashakaga kuvuga ibice bito by'imibiri yacu bisa n'amatafari. Muri buri turemangingo, hari ahantu h'ingenzi cyane, nk'agasanduku gato cyangwa ahantu hatekanye mu cyumba gito. Ibyo ni byo twita mu buryo bwa siyansi nucleus . Mu magambo make, ni ahantu ho kugenzura akaremangingo. Muri iyo nucleus, izi chromosomes zitwa ko ari zo zibikwa.

Uzi uko ibi bisa? Bimeze nk'imigozi miremire, isa n'imigozi . Tekereza udupira twinshi twiza cyane tw'imigozi, twose dufatanye, dutondetse neza. Ariko se ibi si imigozi gusa? Muri byo hari amakuru n'amabwiriza by'agaciro gakomeye bireba ubuzima bwacu bwose, abo turi bo.

Ni izihe gene ziri muri chromosomes?

Ubu tuzi ko chromosomes zimeze nk'imigozi iri mu turemangingo. Iyo urebye chromosome imwe, hari ibice bito amagana, rimwe na rimwe ibihumbi, by'ingenzi kurushaho, biri muri yo. Ibyo bice bito ni byo twita genes .

Mu magambo make, niba chromosome ari igitabo kinini, gene ni nk'ibice, cyangwa interuro, cyangwa amagambo ari muri icyo gitabo. Buri gene ifite amabwiriza yihariye, cyangwa ubutumwa, cyangwa amakuru yanditswe ku mubiri wacu.

Tekereza ku magene nk'intambwe mu guteka ifunguro riryoshye. Igene imwe ikubwira ibara ry'amaso yawe rigomba kuba rifite, indi ikakubwira niba umusatsi wawe ugomba kuba ugororotse cyangwa ugororotse, indi ikakubwira uburebure bwawe. Hari amabwiriza ibihumbi nk'aya muri aya magene.

None se ni iki kigendekera izi gene? Kuki tuzikeneye?

Izi ngirabuzimafatizo ni zo zituma tuba 'twe'. Ibyo bivuze ko imiterere yacu myinshi iterwa n'amabwiriza duhabwa n'izi ngirabuzimafatizo. Reba izi ngero:

• Ibara ry'amaso yawe (ubururu, umukara, umukara, imvi).
• Ibara n'imiterere y'umusatsi wawe (umukara, umukara, umuhondo; ugororotse, ugororotse, ugororotse).
• Ibara ry'uruhu rwawe .
• Kuba uri muremure cyangwa mugufi muri rusange bigenwa (birumvikana ko ibintu nk'imirire nabyo bigira uruhare, ariko gahunda y'ibanze ni imiterere y'uturemangingo).
• Ndetse n'ibintu bito nko kuba utwuma two mu matwi yawe twaracometse cyangwa tutaracometse .
• Ushobora kwandura indwara zimwe na zimwe, ni ukuvuga niba ufite amahirwe make yo kurwara indwara zimwe na zimwe.

Ibintu ibihumbi nk'ibi bigenwa n'amabwiriza duhabwa n'uturemangingo twacu. Kimwe na porogaramu za mudasobwa, utu turemangingo tubwira imibiri yacu uko ikwiye kwitwara n'uko ikwiye gukora buri gikorwa.

Urugero, tekereza ko inshuti yawe Kasun afite amaso y'umukara werurutse nka nyina. Ibi biterwa nuko Kasun yarazwe na nyina uturemangingo tw'amaso y'umukara werurutse. Ariko, umusatsi wa Kasun ushobora kuba umukara wijimye kandi ufite imisatsi nk'iya se. Ibi biterwa nuko yarazwe uturemangingo tw'amaso kuri se. Uku niko twese turerwa n'ababyeyi bacu.

Dufite chromosome zingahe? Zituruka he?

Iki ni ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane. Ubusanzwe, buri karemangingo k'umuntu muzima (usibye ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'uturemangingo, urugero nk'uturemangingo tw'igitsina) gafite amabara 23 y'utu turemangingo. Amabara 2 bivuze ko hari abiri muri yo. Rero iyo ubiteranyije byose, haba hari amabara 46 .

Tekereza ufite inkweto nziza 23. Muri buri inkweto, imwe ikomoka kuri nyoko indi ikomoka kuri so. Biroroshye cyane, si byo se?

Bivuze ko muri chromosomes 46 ubona, kimwe cya kabiri, ni ukuvuga 23, bikomoka kuri nyoko ukunda . Ikindi gice, ni ukuvuga izindi chromosomes 23, bikomoka kuri so ukunda . Ibi bibaho iyo tuvutse, ni ukuvuga ingirabuzimafatizo y'igi ikomoka kuri mama wacu n'intanga ngabo ikomoka kuri data (Mu gihe cyo gukusanya intanga ngabo .

Iyi ni imiterere myiza cyane muri kamere. Muri ubu buryo, twakira chromosomes zirimo genes ziturutse kuri ba mama na ba data, ari nayo mpamvu rimwe na rimwe zisa na ba mama, rimwe na rimwe zisa na ba data, ndetse rimwe na rimwe zisa neza na bombi. Hari igihe dushobora no kumera nka ba sogokuru na ba sekuru, kuko izo genes zagiye zihererekanywa kuva ku gisekuruza kugera ku kindi .

Izi chromosomes 46 ziba mu mubiri wawe iyo uvutse, kandi ziba ziri kumwe nawe mu buzima bwawe bwose, kuva uri uruhinja, kugeza ukiri muto, kugeza ugeze mu za bukuru. Ni zo ziyobora imikurire n'iterambere ry'umubiri wawe, zigafasha ibintu byose kugenda neza.

Icyemezo cyo kumenya niba umwana ari umukobwa cyangwa umuhungu nacyo gifitanye isano n'izi chromosomes!

Twavuze ko hari chromosomes 23. Muri zo, 22 muri zo ni zimwe cyane mu bitsina byombi. Izi ni zo zigenzura izindi kamere zose (nk'uburebure, ibara ry'amaso, n'ibara ry'uruhu).

Ariko chromosomes ebyiri za nyuma, cyangwa iza 23, ni izidasanzwe. Izi chromosomes ebyiri zigena niba umuntu ari umugabo cyangwa umugore. Niyo mpamvu abaganga rimwe na rimwe bazita chromosomes z'igitsina .

Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'izi chromosomes z'igitsina. Imwe yitwa chromosome ya 'X' , indi yitwa chromosome ya 'Y' .

• Niba ari umukobwa , afite chromosomes ebyiri za X. Ni cyo twita XX . Muri izi chromosomes ebyiri za X, imwe ikomoka kuri nyina indi ikomoka kuri se.
• Niba ari umuhungu , afite chromosome imwe ya X na chromosome imwe ya Y. Ni byo twita XY . Muri iki gihe, chromosome ya X ikomoka kuri nyina naho chromosome ya Y ikomoka kuri se.

Wabibonye? Igitsina cy'umwana giterwa na chromosome (X cyangwa Y) se aragwa. Kuko umubyeyi ashobora guha umwana we chromosome X gusa. Se ashobora guha X cyangwa Y. Niba se araga Y, ni umuhungu, kandi niba se araga X, ni umukobwa. Ibi na byo ntibishishikaje cyane?

Ese izi chromosomes ni ingenzi kuri twe ndetse na nyuma yo kuvuka?

Yego rwose! Ndetse na nyuma yo kuvuka, izi chromosomes 46 zikomeza gukora mu mubiri wawe, hafi ya buri turemangingo. Ukura buhoro buhoro kuva mu bwana, uburebure bwawe buriyongera, umubiri wawe urahinduka, inzara n'umusatsi byawe birakura, kandi iyo ugize igikomere, kirakira, ibi byose biyoborwa na za gene ziri muri izo chromosomes.

Ni nk'igishushanyo mbonera gikoreshwa mu kubaka inzu . Imibiri yacu ikomeza gukura, kwisana, no kwiyitaho umunsi ku wundi hakurikijwe icyo gishushanyo mbonera. Amakuru ari muri izi chromosomes ni yo atuma uturemangingo dushya mu mibiri yacu dukura.

Rimwe na rimwe, gake cyane, izi chromosomes zishobora kugira impinduka runaka, inenge, cyangwa inyongera. Aha niho indwara zimwe na zimwe za genetiki , nka Down Syndrome , ziba. Kubwibyo, kugira izi chromosomes mu mubare ukwiye (ni ukuvuga 46) kandi mu buryo bukwiye ni ingenzi cyane ku buzima bwacu.

Ariko nta mpamvu yo gutinya ibintu nk'ibyo igihe cyose. Kuko akenshi, iyi nzira igoye ibaho neza kandi mu buryo butangaje. Ntabwo byaba ari bibi kwita ibi ikiremwa gitangaje cya kamere.

None se, ni ubuhe butumwa dukwiye kwibuka muri iyi nkuru?

Sawa, twaganiriye cyane kuri chromosomes uyu munsi, si byo se? Ndatekereza ko ufite igitekerezo cyiza ubu. Muri make, dore ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka:

• Chromosomes ni utunyangingo duto, tumeze nk'imigozi, ariko dufite imbaraga nyinshi tuboneka hafi ya buri turemangingo two mu mubiri wacu.
• Izi chromosomes zirimo gene ibihumbi. Izi genes zigena imiterere myinshi y'umubiri, nk'ibara ry'amaso yacu, imiterere y'umusatsi, n'uburebure.
• Twese dufite chromosomes 46 mu turemangingo twacu, cyangwa amapari 23. Kimwe cya kabiri cy'ibi (23) tugikura kuri mama wacu n'ikindi gice (23) kikikura kuri data.
• Kuba turi abagore (XX) cyangwa abagabo (XY) bigenwa n'ibyiciro bibiri byihariye by'izi chromosomes, ari zo chromosomes z'igitsina.
• Izi chromosomes zikomeza kuyobora imikurire y'umubiri wacu, kwisana no kubaho neza ndetse na nyuma yo kuvuka.

Chromosomes ni utuntu duto dutangaje tuduhindura 'twe', igishushanyo mbonera cy'umubiri wacu, n'imiterere yacu. Kubimenya ntibizagufasha gusa gusobanukirwa uburyo imibiri yacu iteye ubwoba kandi ikozwe mu buryo butangaje, ahubwo bizanagufasha kwita ku buzima bwawe!

Rero, ubutaha wireba mu ndorerwamo, ukareba amaso yawe, umusatsi wawe, ibara ry'uruhu rwawe, utekereze ku nseko yawe, ibuka ko inyuma y'ibi byose hari utunyangingo duto twakuwe kuri mama na papa wawe, twanditseho umwirondoro wawe. Ese icyo si ikintu kidasanzwe cyane?

` Chromosomes, Genes, Seli, Umurage, Imiterere y'umubiri, Genes, Ubuzima