Kumenya ko ugiye kuba umubyeyi bigutera amarangamutima menshi, maze mu buryo butunguranye, ugahura n'ibibazo byinshi byo gupimwa kwa muganga . Ni ibisanzwe kumva uhangayitse cyangwa ufite amatsiko yo kubigeraho. Ushobora kwibaza uti “Ese ibi bizamini byose ni ngombwa? Mu by’ukuri barashaka iki?” Reka tubiganire hamwe mu buryo bworoshye kandi busobanutse neza.
Kuki ibi bizamini ari ingenzi cyane?
Uburyo bwiza bwo gutekereza ku gupima umwana utwite ni uko bikubera isuzuma ry’umutekano kuri wowe no ku mwana wawe. Akenshi, ibi bizamini bitanga icyizere cy’uko ibintu byose birimo kugenda neza uko bikwiye. Hari amahoro menshi yo mu mutima mu kumenya ko umwana wawe ameze neza, si byo se?
Byongeye kandi, ibi bipimo bidufasha kubona no kuvura indwara hakiri kare. Urugero, ibizamini bishobora kugaragaza ikibazo cyo kubura icyuma ( anemia ) cyangwa diyabete yo mu gihe cyo gutwita . Iyo bigaragaye, muganga wawe ashobora guhita atangira ubuvuzi bukenewe kugira ngo amenye neza umusaruro mwiza kuri wowe n'umwana wawe.
Hari ibizamini bipima indwara za genetiki, nka Down syndrome , cystic fibrosis , cyangwa spina bifida . Ni ibisanzwe ko ababyeyi bagira impungenge iyo baganira kuri izi suzuma ryihariye.
Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko ibi bizamini byo gusuzuma bigaragaza gusa urwego rw'ibyago. Ntabwo bitanga isuzuma ry'ukuri . Bitubwira gusa niba hari ibyago birenze ibisanzwe, ibi bifasha itsinda ry'abaganga gufata icyemezo niba hakenewe ibindi bipimo byo gusuzuma.
Mbere yo gukomeza urugendo, ganira n'umuganga wawe mu buryo bwuje imyemerere . Baza ibibazo ku cyo ikizamini gisa, ukuri kwacyo, ingaruka zishobora kubaho, n'intambwe zikurikiraho niba ibisubizo bitaba ibyo wari witeze. Kubona ibisobanuro birambuye kuri muganga wawe ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo gukomeza urugendo ufite icyizere.
Noneho, reka turebere hamwe ibizamini by'ingenzi ushobora guhura nabyo mu mezi icyenda ari imbere.
Ibizamini bya buri gihembwe cya mbere (amezi 1-3)
Dore bimwe mu bipimo bisanzwe bikorwa mu mezi atatu ya mbere y'inda.
| Ikizamini | Icyo igenzura |
|---|---|
| Ibipimo by'amaraso | Ibi bipima ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe n'igipimo cya Rh, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri kuri rubella, urugero rw'icyuma (hemoglobin), no gupima indwara nka Hepatite B, syphilis, na VIH. Hari igihe ibizamini byo gupima indwara z'uruhererekane nka thalassemia cyangwa anemia y'uturemangingo tw'amaraso nabyo biba birimo. |
| Ibipimo by'inkari | Ibi bipima indwara z'impyiko kandi byemeza gutwita binyuze mu rugero rwa hCG. Mu gihe cyose utwite, inkari zawe zizapimwa isukari (ikimenyetso cya diyabete) na alubumu (poroteyine ishobora kuba ikimenyetso cya preeclampsia, cyangwa umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso). |
| Pap Smear & Swabs | Isuzuma rya Pap smear risuzuma ubuzima bw'inkondo y'umura. Isuzuma rishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gusuzuma indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina nka chlamydia cyangwa gonorrhea, cyangwa bagiteri zishobora gutuma umwana abyara igihe kitageze. Kuvura ibi hakiri kare birinda umwana wawe ingorane. |
| Gupima Viliyoni (CVS) | Iki si ikizamini gisanzwe. Gihabwa ababyeyi barengeje imyaka 35 cyangwa abafite amateka y’indwara z’uturemangingo mu muryango wabo. Gikorwa hagati y’ibyumweru 10 na 12, gishobora kumenya indwara z’uturemangingo. Hari ibyago bike, hafi 1% byo gukuramo inda bifitanye isano n’ubu buryo. |
Gusobanukirwa Ikizamini Gihuriweho
Vuba aha, hamaze kuboneka uburyo bugezweho bwo gusuzuma ibyago byo kurwara indwara nka Down syndrome. Hagati y'ibyumweru 10 na 14, muganga wawe ashobora gusuzuma urugero rwa hCG na PAP-A mu maraso . Ibi bihuzwa na ultrasound scan kugira ngo bapime ubunini bw'inyuma y'ijosi ry'umwana, buzwi nka nuchal translucency . Amakuru ahujwe atanga isuzuma ry'ibyago nyaryo.
Ibizamini bya mu gihembwe cya kabiri (amezi 4-6)
Dore ibizamini by'ingenzi uzahura nabyo hagati mu rugendo rwawe rwo gutwita.
| Ikizamini | Icyo igenzura |
|---|---|
| Gusuzuma ibimenyetso byinshi | Iki gipimo cy'amaraso gikorwa hagati y'ibyumweru 15 na 18, gipima poroteyine ya alpha-feto (AFP) n'indi misemburo ibiri. Urugero rudasanzwe rushobora kugaragaza ko hari ibyago byinshi byo kurwara Down syndrome cyangwa inenge z'imiyoboro y'ubwonko. Nanone, ibuka ko iki ari isuzuma ry'ibyago, atari isuzuma. |
| Gupima hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya Ultrasound | Ubusanzwe bikorwa hagati y'ibyumweru 18 na 20, iyi 'Anomaly Scan' yemerera muganga wawe kugenzura imikurire y'ingingo z'umwana wawe mu buryo burambuye. Isuzuma kandi imikurire y'umwana wawe, aho aherereye, aho nyababyeyi iherereye, ndetse niba utwite impanga. Ibi akenshi biba ari ikintu cy'ingenzi ku babyeyi, kuko ari amahirwe yo kubona umwana wawe neza! |
| Gupima Isukari | Hagati y'ibyumweru 25 na 28, uzasuzumwa diyabete yo mu gihe cyo gutwita. Uzanywa umuti wa glucose, hanyuma isukari yawe mu maraso izagenzurwa nyuma y'isaha imwe. Niba igipimo kiri hejuru, hazakurikiraho ikizamini cyo kwihanganira glucose (GTT) kugira ngo hemezwe ko wanduye. |
| Amniocentesis | Kimwe na CVS, ibi si ibintu bisanzwe. Ni byiza ku babyeyi barengeje imyaka 35 cyangwa abafite ibisubizo bidasanzwe byo gusuzuma. Hagati y'ibyumweru 15 na 18, urushinge ruyoborwa na ultrasound kugira ngo rukuremo agace gato k'amazi yo mu nda. Iki kizamini ni ukuri ku kigero cya 99% mu kumenya indwara runaka zishingiye ku ngirabuzimafatizo, hamwe n'ibyago bike cyane byo gukuramo inda bigera kuri 0.5%. |
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Ibizamini mbere yo kubyara ni ibikoresho byo gutuma ugira amahoro yo mu mutima n'umutekano w'umwana wawe, si ikintu cyo gutinya.
- Ibipimo byinshi bifasha kumenya indwara zishobora kuvurwa hakiri kare, bigatuma habaho ingaruka nziza.
- Gupima indwara z’uturemangingo bigaragaza gusa urugero rw’ibyago; ntibisobanura ko umwana wawe afite indwara.
- Niba ufite gushidikanya cyangwa ikibazo, vugana na muganga wawe nta guhisha . Barahari kugira ngo bagufashe gufata icyemezo cyiza ku kibazo cyawe cyihariye.
- Uru ni urugendo rwiza kandi ruhindura ubuzima. Ibi bizamini ni intambwe z'ingenzi kugira ngo inzira yawe ikomeze kuba nziza.
Ibizamini mbere yo kubyara, gutwita, ultrasound, ibizamini by'amaraso, amniocentesis, Down syndrome
