Reka twige byinshi kuri measles (Rubeola)! Ibi bintu ni ingenzi kuri wowe no ku muryango wawe!

Ese wigeze ubona umwana muto, cyangwa rimwe na rimwe umuntu mukuru, afite utudomo duto dutukura ku mubiri we wose n'umuriro? Bishobora kuba ari iseru. Uyu si umukino, ni indwara ishobora guteza akaga iyo idafashwe neza. Reka tubiganireho birambuye uyu munsi.

Ese koko iseru (Rubeola) ni iki?

Mu magambo make, iseru ni indwara yandura cyane iterwa na virusi. Iterwa na virusi yo mu muryango wa Morbillivirus. Itera uduheri ku mubiri wose, hamwe n'ibimenyetso nk'umuriro n'inkorora. Ariko iseru si uduheri duke gusa. Ishobora kugutera indwara zikomeye, kandi rimwe na rimwe ishobora gutera indwara zikomeye nka encephalitis , zishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga, cyangwa umusonga . Si ibyo gusa, iseru inagabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe, bigatuma wibasirwa n'izindi ndwara. Mu bihe byashize, mbere y'uko urukingo ruboneka, abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni ku isi bapfa bazize iseru. Iracyagaragara mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe. Nta buryo bwihariye bwo kuyivura cyangwa kuyivura.

Indwara ya serubeyola yitwa kandi rubeyola, iseru y'iminsi 10, na fever scarlet. Ariko iyi si iseru y'Abadage (Rubella), ni indwara itandukanye.

Indwara ya serumu yandura ite?

Indwara ya serumu ni indwara yandura cyane ikwirakwira mu kirere . Iyo umuntu urwaye iserumu ahumeka, akorora, yitsamuye, cyangwa avuga, uduce duto twa virusi turekurwa mu kirere. Utwo duce twa virusi dushobora kuguma mu kirere mu gihe cy'amasaha abiri nyuma y'uko umuntu urwaye iserumu avuye mu cyumba. Dushobora no kuguma ku buso nk'ameza, intebe, n'ibifunga by'inzugi. Iyo ukoze kuri ubwo buso hanyuma ugakora ku munwa, ku mazuru, cyangwa ku maso ukoresheje ukuboko kumwe, ushobora kwandura.

Izi ni zimwe mu nzira z'ingenzi iseru ishobora gukwirakwizwamo:

• Kuba hafi y'umuntu urwaye iseru. Ibi bivuze kuganira, gusangira ibiryo n'ibyo kunywa, gusomana, guhana amaboko no guhoberana.
• Gukora ku kintu cyangwa ikintu kirimo virusi hanyuma ugakora ku munwa, ku mazuru, cyangwa ku maso ukoresheje ukuboko kumwe.
• Iyo umubyeyi utwite arwaye iseru, ashobora kuyitera umwana we mu gihe atwite, abyara cyangwa yonsa. Ibi byitwa kwanduzanya kw'impinja.

Tekereza, umuntu umwe urwaye iseru aramutse yinjiye mu cyumba kirimo abantu icumi batarakingirwa iseru, abaganga bavuga ko icyenda muri abo icumi bafite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara iseru. Uko ni ko yandura! Ushobora kwanduza umuntu kuva ku minsi ine mbere yuko urwara iseru kugeza ku minsi ine nyuma yuko iseru igaragaye.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'iseru?

Ibimenyetso by'iseru ntibigaragara icyarimwe. Biza buhoro buhoro. Ushobora kubona ibintu nk'ibi mu ntangiriro:

• Ndimo kurwara umuriro mwinshi .
• Inkorora iratangira gukorora.
• Amaso ahinduka umutuku, cyangwa amarira akava mu maso (amaso atukura cyangwa asa n'amaraso).
• Izuru riva.
• Numva ndushye cyane.
• Uduheri duto dutukura dufite hagati y’umweru (twitwa Koplik's spots) dushobora kugaragara mu kanwa no ku matama. Utwo duheri akenshi tugaragara mu minsi ibiri cyangwa itatu hanyuma tugashira uko utundi duheri ku mubiri dutangiye kugaragara.
• Hanyuma ibibyimba bitangira kugaragara ku mubiri wose .
• Hari abantu bashobora kugira ibimenyetso by'igogora nko kuribwa mu gifu, impiswi no kuruka.
• Umuhogo wanjye urababara.
• Kubabara umubiri no kubabara umutwe nabyo bishobora kubaho.

Ubwa mbere, ibimenyetso nk'umuriro, inkorora, amazuru asohoka, n'amaso atukura biragaragara. Nyuma y'iminsi ibiri cyangwa itatu ni bwo ibyo bita "Ibibabi bya Koplik" bigaragara mu kanwa. Ibibabi ku mubiri bitangira kugaragara nyuma y'iminsi itatu kugeza kuri itanu nyuma y'uko ibimenyetso bya mbere bitangiye. Iyo ibibabi bigaragaye, umuriro ushobora kugaruka.

Udukoko twa measles tumeze dute?

Uduheri tw'iseru akenshi dutangira ku maso. Tugaragara nk'uduheri duto. Niba ufite uruhu rworoshye, tuzasa n'umutuku. Niba ufite uruhu rwijimye, rushobora kuba umuhengeri cyangwa rwirabura kurusha uruhu rukikije. Hari igihe bishobora kugorana kubibona neza.

Hanyuma ibi bisebe bikwirakwira mu ijosi, mu gituza, mu mugongo, mu maboko, mu maguru no mu birenge. Uko bikwirakwira, hari ibisebe bishobora kwishyira hamwe bikaba binini. Hari aho bishobora kuzamuka nk'ibibyimba, naho hari aho bishobora kuba birambuye. Ariko, ibi bisebe akenshi ntibiryana .

Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara iseru?

Hari abantu bashobora kugira ibibazo bikomeye biturutse ku mikorobe. Muri byo harimo:

• Abantu barengeje imyaka 20 n'abana bari munsi y'imyaka 5.
• Ababyeyi batwite.
• Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budakomeye baba bafite "ubumuga bwo mu mutwe." Ibyo bivuze abantu bafata imiti y'indwara nka kanseri, banduye agakoko gatera SIDA, cyangwa bafite ubushobozi buke bwo kurwanya indwara kubera izindi mpamvu.

Ni izihe ngorane zishobora guterwa n'iseru?

Nubwo zimwe mu ngorane ziterwa n'iseru ari ntoya, izindi zishobora kuba zikomeye kandi zikanashyira ubuzima mu kaga. Reba izi:

• Indwara zo mu matwi.
• Kubura amazi mu mubiri bitewe no gucibwamo gukabije.
• Indwara ya bronchitis.
• Indwara ya laryngitis.
• Umusonga : Iyi ni yo mpamvu ikomeye itera impfu ku bana bato bazize iseru.
• Kubura ubumuga bwo kutabona (Ubuhumyi).
• Kubyimba cyangwa kubyimba ubwonko (encephalitis) . Ibi bishobora kwangiza ubwonko burundu ndetse, rimwe na rimwe, ndetse no gupfa.
• Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) ni indwara idakunze kugaragara ariko yica uturemangingo tw’imitsi. Ishobora kubaho imyaka myinshi nyuma y’uko iseru irwaye.
• Indwara yo mu bwonko yitwa measles inclusion body encephalitis (MIBE) ni indwara iterwa n’ubwonko. Ibi bishobora no kubaho iminsi cyangwa imyaka nyuma y’iseru. Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri budakomeye ni bo cyane cyane bari mu kaga.
• Amaherezo, ndetse n'urupfu rurashobora kubaho.

Icy'ingenzi kurushaho, niba urwaye iseru mu gihe utwite, umwana wawe ashobora kuvuka imburagihe cyangwa akavuka afite ibiro bike .

Ni gute abaganga bapima iseru?

Muganga ashobora gukeka ko ari iseru bitewe n'amateka y'ubuzima bwawe, isuzuma ry'umubiri wawe, n'imiterere y'ibisebe. Ariko, bashobora no gukora ibizamini nk'ibi kugira ngo bamenye neza:

• Gupima amaraso .
• Gupima ingero z'amazi yakuwe mu mazuru cyangwa mu muhogo (udupfundikizo twakuwe mu mazuru cyangwa mu muhogo).
• Ibizamini by'inkari .

Ese hari umuti w'iseru?

Ikibabaje ni uko nta muti cyangwa uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvura iseru burundu buhari .

Ariko niba uri mu bitaro, muganga wawe ashobora kuguha vitamine A kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago bikomeye byo kurwara. Ariko, ntugomba gufata vitamine A wenyine utabanje gukorerwa na muganga. Gufata vitamine A nyinshi bishobora gutera indwara ikomeye yitwa uburozi bwa vitamine A, ishobora kwangiza ingingo zawe z'imbere. Vitamine A ntivura iseru cyangwa ngo iyibuze kuyirwara.

Indwara ya measles imara igihe kingana iki?

Iyo nta zindi ngorane ufite, iseru ikunze kumara iminsi 10 kugeza kuri 14.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga?

Menya neza ko ugiye kuvugana na muganga mu bihe nk'ibi:

• Niba ufite ibibazo ku rukingo.
• Niba utekereza ko ushobora kuba warigeze guhura n'umuntu urwaye iseru (muganga wawe ashobora kuguha imiti ya immunoglobulin (antibody) kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kurwara iyi ndwara).
• Niba ushaka gusuzuma urugero rw'uturemangingo tw'imisemburo (antibody `titers`) kugira ngo urebe niba ufite ubudahangarwa ku mibare.

Ugomba kujya mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso:

• Niba ufite ikibazo cyo guhumeka.
• Niba ufite ububabare mu gatuza.
• Niba amaso yawe yumva urumuri cyane (Sensitivity to light).
• Niba wumva ijosi rikomeye.
• Niba ufite umutwe umeze nabi.
• Niba hari urujijo.
• Niba urimo kuruka cyane cyangwa urwaye impiswi.

Bigenda bite uramutse urwaye iseru?

Indwara y'iseru ishobora kugutera indwara ikomeye. Bivugwa ko abantu babiri kuri batanu barwara iseru bazakenera kujya mu bitaro .

Nubwo wamaze gukira, ushobora kuba ufite amahirwe menshi yo kwandura izindi ndwara. Ibi biterwa nuko iseru ishobora gusenya uturemangingo tw’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri wawe twibuka ubudahangarwa bwawe ku ndwara zabanje. Ibi byitwa 'imnesia y’ubudahangarwa' .

Nanone, ingorane zishobora guterwa n’ubuzima zishobora kubaho amezi cyangwa imyaka nyuma y’uko urwaye iseru, cyane cyane iyo ufite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri budakomeye.

Ese nkwiye kwirinda abandi niba mfite iseru?

Yego rwose. Ugomba kwirinda abandi bantu nibura iminsi ine nyuma yo kurwara iseru hanyuma ibisebe bikagaragara. Ugomba kwambara agapfukamunwa ka N95. Nanone, abaganga, abaforomo, n'abandi bantu bakuvura bagomba kwambara agapfukamunwa ka N95. Baza muganga wawe igihe ushobora kujya ku kazi cyangwa ku ishuri n'igihe ushobora gusabana n'abandi.

Ni gute wagabanya ibimenyetso by'iseru mu rugo?

Niba wowe cyangwa umwana wawe arwaye iseru, baza muganga wawe uburyo bwiza bwo kwifata mu rugo. Ashobora kukugira inama nk'iyi:

• Fata acetaminophen (nka parasetamol) cyangwa imiti idakoresha steroidal igabanya ububabare (NSAIDs) (nka ibuprofen) ku bubabare bw'umubiri n'umuriro.
• Ruhuka neza.
• Nywa ibinyobwa byinshi nk'amazi n'umutobe w'imbuto.
• Sukura amazi y'umunyu kugira ngo worohereze umuhogo wawe.

Ni gute wakwirinda iseru?

Uburyo bwiza kandi bwiza bwo kwirinda iseru ni ukubona urukingo rwa iseru . Kugira ngo ube urinzwe byuzuye, ugomba kuba warahawe doze zombi z'ubwoko bubiri bw'urukingo:

• Urukingo rwa MMR (urukingo rwa measles, mumps, na rubella).
• Urukingo rw'iseru, mumps, rubella, na porikisi (urukingo rwa MMRV).

Abantu benshi babona urukingo rwa MMR cyangwa MMRV bakiri bato. Ariko ushobora no kubona urukingo umaze gukura.

Ese ushobora kwandura iseru nubwo umaze guhabwa urukingo?

Niba warahawe urukingo rwa doze zombi neza, amahirwe yawe yo kurwara iseru ni make cyane . Ariko niba warahawe doze imwe gusa, amahirwe yo kwirinda iyi ndwara aba make kurushaho.

Mu bihe byashize, ndetse no mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe byateye imbere, iseru yari indwara isanzwe mu bana. Kubera gahunda z’ubuzima rusange, iyi ndwara ubu yakuweho cyane muri ibyo bihugu (bivuze ko itagikwirakwira). Ariko, haracyari abarwayi kandi abantu barimo gupfa bazize iseru. Iyo abantu bahagaritse gufata urukingo rwa seru, iyi ndwara ishobora kongera gukwirakwira ku isi yose. Niba utekereza ko ushobora kuba warigeze guhura n’umuntu urwaye iseru, jya kwa muganga ako kanya. Ashobora kukubwira uburyo bwo gucunga ibimenyetso byawe n’icyo wakora kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kurwara indwara zikomeye, niba zihari.

Ni ikihe kintu cy'ingenzi cyane twifuza kujyana muri iyi nkuru?

Indwara ya serumu si indwara yo kwiyibagiza, nshuti zanjye. Ni indwara yandura cyane ishobora gutera ingorane zikomeye. Ku bw'amahirwe, hari urukingo rwiza cyane (`urukingo rwa MMR` cyangwa `urukingo rwa MMRV`) rwo kuyirinda. Niba wowe cyangwa abana bawe mutarahabwa uru rukingo, menya neza ko mushaka inama za muganga kandi mukaruhabwa.

Niba ufite ibimenyetso bya serumu, cyangwa warahuye n'umuntu urwaye serumu, hita ubonana na muganga . Uramutse uvuwe vuba kandi ukagirwa inama zikwiye, wowe n'abakwegereye mushobora kwirinda iyi ndwara no kuyirinda abandi. Wibuke ko ubuzima ari ingirakamaro cyane!

` Iseru, Rubeola, Ibimenyetso bya Seru, Kwanduzanya kwa Seru, Urukingo rwa Seru, Urukingo rwa MMR, Abana