Urashaka kumenya neza indwara ya Meningococcal? Reka tubiganireho!

Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe zisa n'iziteye ubwoba nubwo waba wumva izina ryazo, ntubitekereza? Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku ndwara ikomeye gato, ariko ishobora kugenzurwa niba uyimenye mbere y'igihe. Iyi yitwa indwara ya meningococcal. Ntugahangayike, reka tuvuge kuri byose neza.

Indwara ya Meningococcal ni iki?

Mu magambo make, indwara ya meningococcal ni indwara iterwa na bagiteri . Iterwa na bagiteri yitwa Neisseria meningitidis. Hari igihe yitwa meningococcus. Iyi bagiteri ishobora kwanduza uturemangingo turinda ubwonko bwacu n'umugongo (twitwa meninges) n'amaraso . Izi ndwara ni mbi cyane kandi rimwe na rimwe zishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga . Iyo meninges yanduye muri ubu buryo, yitwa meningococcal meningitis, kandi iyo amaraso yanduye, yitwa meningococcal septicemia (nk'uburozi bw'amaraso).

Mu gusobanura ijambo 'meninges' kurushaho, bivuze sisitemu yacu y'imitsi yo hagati , ni ukuvuga uturemangingo dutatu tuzengurutse ubwonko bwacu n'umugongo. Kimwe n'uturemangingo tworoshye dutandukanya umugongo w'icunga, natwo dutanga uburinzi ku bwonko bwacu n'umugongo. Mu by'ukuri, uruhu rwacu ni rwo runini rurinda umubiri wacu. Utu turemangingo dutatu ni pia mater, arachnoid, na dura mater.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'indwara ya meningococcal na meningitis?

Noneho ushobora kuba urimo kwibaza uti 'None se, indwara ya meningococcal na meningite ni kimwe?' Yego, hari itandukaniro rito. Indwara ya meningococcal iterwa na bagiteri zihariye twavuze mbere, Neisseria meningitidis . Ariko, 'meningitis' ni ijambo rusange risobanura indwara iyo ari yo yose itera kubyimba kw'uturemangingo (meninges) dukikije ubwonko . Rero, meningite ishobora kugaragara mu ndwara ya meningococcal. Ariko, si meningite yose iterwa na bagiteri zitera indwara ya meningococcal. Meningite ishobora no guterwa n'izindi virusi, bagiteri, n'ibihumyo, urabizi?

Ni nde wibasirwa cyane n'indwara ya meningococcal?

Nubwo umuntu wese ashobora kwandura indwara ya meningococcal, hari abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kuyirwara. Reka turebe abo ari bo:

• Itsinda ry'imyaka: Impinja ziri munsi y'umwaka umwe, ingimbi (cyane cyane abari hagati y'imyaka 16-23), n'ingimbi. Ingaruka ziba nyinshi kurushaho iyo izi tsinda zihuye n'umwotsi w'itabi (itabi ritarimo ikintu cyangwa itabi ry'inzoga) .
• Ingendo zo mu mahanga: Ku bagana ibihugu bimwe na bimwe aho indwara ya meningococcal ikunze kugaragara.
• Imiterere y'ubuzima:
• Abantu badafite agahu cyangwa bafite agahu kangiritse (agahu ni urugingo rw'ingenzi mu buvuzi bwacu bw'umubiri).
• Abantu barwaye indwara ya sickle cell.
• Abantu bafite intege nke zimwe na zimwe mu budahangarwa bw'umubiri bwabo, cyane cyane abafite ibibazo by'igice cy'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri cyitwa "Complement."
• Abantu bafata imiti yitwa "Complement inhibitors" (urugero: "Eculizumab (Soliris®)" na "Ravulizumab (Ultomiris™)") ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara zimwe na zimwe zidasanzwe.
• Imibereho n'ibidukikije:
• Ku batuye ahantu abantu benshi baba hafi, nko mu macumbi ya kaminuza n'ibirindiro bya gisirikare. Tekereza gato, iyo hari abantu benshi mu cyumba kimwe, mikorobe zishobora gukwirakwira mu buryo bworoshye binyuze mu gukorora cyangwa kwitsamura, si byo se?
• Abantu bahura n'iyi ndwara mu gihe cy'icyorezo.
• Ku bakorana n'iyi bagiteri muri laboratwari z'ubushakashatsi.

Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara mu rugero rungana iki?

Mu bihugu nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, umubare w'abandura iyi ndwara waragabanutse buhoro buhoro kuva mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose. Mu 2019, abantu 371 gusa ni bo bagaragaye aho. Ariko, indwara nto zishobora kuvuka rimwe na rimwe, cyane cyane mu bantu batuye hafi aho. Abaganga bo muri Sri Lanka nabo barita kuri iyi ndwara, kuko ishobora gukwirakwira vuba. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane kumenya ibimenyetso byayo.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'indwara ya meningococcal?

Hariho ibimenyetso byinshi by'iyi ndwara. Niba ufite kimwe muri ibi, ugomba guhita ubonana na muganga. Ni ngombwa cyane gusuzuma indwara vuba.

Ibimenyetso by'ingenzi bishobora kuba:

• Ndimo kurwara umuriro mwinshi .
• Mfite umutwe ukabije .
• Ijosi rigoranye . Iki ni ikimenyetso gikunze kugaragara gifitanye isano n'indwara ya meningococcal na meningitis. Bishobora kumvikana nk'aho udashobora kunama ijosi ryawe imbere, kandi bishobora kubabaza iyo ugerageje gushyira akananwa kawe mu gituza.
• Biba bigoye kureba urumuri rwinshi , kandi amaso asa n'aho ahinduka ubururu. Ibi kandi byitwa ``Photophobia```.
• Isesemi, kuruka cyangwa kubabara mu nda no gucibwamo bishobora kubaho.
• Ku ruhu hagaragara uduheri duto dutukura cyangwa umuhengeri . Ntiduhinduka ibara iyo hashyizweho igitutu (uduheri tudahinduka ibara). Hari igihe dushobora kuba tunini tugasa n'ibisebe. Iki ni ikimenyetso cyihariye kandi giteje akaga.

Uretse ibi, hari n'ibindi bintu bishobora kugaragara:

• Ibiryo nta buryohe bwabyo.
• Kumva utazi cyangwa urakaye.
• Buri gihe numva mfite ibitotsi kandi birangora kubyuka.
• Ububabare mu mitsi no mu ngingo.
• Hari urusaku rusa n'urwo kwishima, kurira.
• Biba bigoye kugenda cyangwa guhagarara ugororotse.

Abana bato bashobora kugaragaza ibi bimenyetso mu buryo butandukanye. Urugero:

• Ntibashaka kunywa amata kandi bararuka.
• Umubiri uhinduka nk'uhuha cyangwa ucika intege.
• Kunanirwa cyane, kugerageza gusinzira buri gihe, kubyuka bigorana.
• Kurira mu ijwi rirenga (gutaka cyane).
• Ahantu horoshye hejuru y'umutwe (fontanelle) hashobora kubyimba no gukomera.

Ni iki gitera indwara ya meningococcal?

Nkuko twabivuze mbere, indwara ya meningococcal iterwa na bagiteri . Ni indwara yandura . Ikwirakwira kuva ku muntu umwe igana ku wundi binyuze mu bitonyanga by'ubuhumekero (ibitonyanga by'ubuhumekero) . Muri make, iyi mikorobe ishobora gukwirakwira iyo umuntu ufite iyi ndwara akorora, yitsamuye, cyangwa ahuye n'umuntu uyirwaye (urugero, kurya ku isahani imwe, kunywa ku gikombe kimwe, gusomana, nibindi).

Icy'ingenzi: Bagiteri zitera indwara ya meningococcal ntizishobora kubaho igihe kirekire hanze y'umubiri. Kubwibyo, ntabwo bishoboka ko yakwirakwira ahantu nk'ameza n'intebe. Ariko, ni byiza kwitondera ibintu nk'udutambaro n'udutambaro twakoreshejwe n'umurwayi.

Indwara ya meningococcal ipimwa ite?

Indwara ya meningococcal rimwe na rimwe ishobora kugorana kuyisuzuma kuko ibimenyetso byayo bishobora kuba bisa n'iby'izindi ndwara, nk'ibicurane cyangwa grippe . Kubwibyo, kugira ngo umuganga yemeze iyo ndwara, agomba gushaka bagiteri ya Neisseria meningitidis.

Rero, muganga asanzwe akora ibi bikurikira:

• Hafatwa ikizamini cy'amaraso hanyuma kigapimwa.
• Hari igihe hakorwa gutobora mu ruti rw'umugongo (Spinal Tap) . Ibi bisaba gufata urugero ruto rw'amazi akikije uruti rw'umugongo (cerebrospinal fluid - CSF) no kuyapima. Ibi bishobora gusa nkaho biteye ubwoba gato, ariko ni ingenzi cyane mu gusuzuma indwara. Ibi biterwa nuko bishobora kureba neza niba hari bagiteri muri ayo mazi.

Izi ngero zoherezwa muri laboratwari kugira ngo harebwe niba bagiteri zishobora guhingwa (zakuwe mu gihingwa). Iyo bagiteri zikuze, indwara ishobora kwemezwa. Iyo ibi bizamini bidasobanutse neza, muganga ashobora gutegeka ko hakorwa ibindi bizamini.

Indwara ya meningococcal ivurwa ite?

Indwara ya meningococcal ivurwa na antibiyotike . Niba muganga wawe akeka ko urwaye iyi ndwara, ashobora kugufasha gutangira imiti ya antibiyotike mbere yuko bemeza ko irwaye. Ni ngombwa cyane gutangira kuvurwa vuba bishoboka. Iyi miti ya antibiyotike ikunze gutangwa nk'imiti ya antibiyotike iterwa mu mitsi, ishobora kugufasha kubona ibisubizo byihuse.

Uretse imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ibiyobyabwenge, hari ubundi buryo bwo kuvura bushobora gukenerwa bitewe n'uko umurwayi amerewe. Urugero:

• Iyo guhumeka bigoye, umuntu ashobora guhabwa ubuvuzi bwa ogisijeni , ndetse wenda bugakoreshwa n'icyuma gifasha guhumeka guhumeka.
• Niba umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hasi, tanga imiti .
• Kugenzura urugero rw'amazi mu mubiri.
• Hari igihe, iyo uruhu rwangiritse kandi ingingo zigapfa, kubagwa bishobora no kuba ngombwa kugira ngo bivurwe.

Ingorane zijyanye n'indwara ya meningococcal

Iyi ni indwara ikomeye cyane . Nubwo umuntu yavurwa hakoreshejwe imiti yica udukoko, abarwayi 10 kugeza kuri 15 muri buri 100 barapfa . Nanone, hafi 20% by'abakira iyi ndwara bashobora kugira ingaruka z'igihe kirekire . Muri zo harimo:

• Ubumuga bwo kutumva
• Gutakaza ibirenge, cyane cyane iyo sepsis ibaye ikomeye.
• Kwangirika kw'imitsi
• Kwangirika kw'impyiko
• Kwangirika k'ubwonko bishobora gutera indwara nko kutabasha kwiga, kudakora neza mu kwibuka, ndetse n'igicuri.
• Inkovu ku ruhu.

Bishobora gufata igihe kugira ngo ukire neza. Imiti igabanya ubukana itangwa mu minsi 7 kugeza ku 10. Ariko, bishobora gufata igihe kirekire kugira ngo ukire neza, cyane cyane iyo ugize ingorane.

Ni gute wagabanya ibyago byo kwandura indwara ya meningococcal?

Hari ibintu byinshi twakora kugira ngo twirinde iyi ndwara iteje akaga.

1. Bakingiwe

Mu bihugu nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, hari ubwoko bubiri bw'inkingo zirwanya indwara ya meningococcal. Muri Sri Lanka, ushobora no kubona inama z'abaganga kuri ibi. Ni byiza cyane cyane ku bari mu matsinda afite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura (urugero: abana bato bari munsi y'umwaka umwe, abakiri bato, abantu baba mu macumbi, n'abafite indwara zimwe na zimwe) kuvugana na muganga ku bijyanye n'izi nkingo. Uru rukingo rushobora kuba itegeko iyo ugiye mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe.

2. Fata imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ibiyobyabwenge niba bikenewe

Niba ufata imiti nka "umuti w'inyongera" twavuze mbere, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gufata imiti igabanya ubukana bwa meningococcal kugira ngo wirinde indwara ya meningococcal mu gihe ufata iyo miti. Iyi miti "y'inyongera" ikunze gutangwa ku ndwara zidasanzwe nka:

• `Indwara ya hemolytic uremic syndrome idasanzwe` (Iyi ni indwara ifitanye isano n'amaraso)
• Hemoglobiniyuriya yo mu maraso itera indwara ya Paroxysmal nocturnal (nayo ikaba ari indwara y'amaraso)
• Myasthenia gravis rusange (ibi bitera intege nke z'imitsi)

Nanone, niba ubana n'umuntu urwaye indwara ya meningococcal cyangwa warahuye na we hafi (urugero, mu rugo rumwe, mu ishuri rimwe), muganga wawe ashobora kandi kukubwira gufata imiti ya antibiyotike nk'ingamba zo kwirinda (antibiyotike zo kwirinda / chemoprophylaxis) . Ibi ni ukwica bagiteri niba zisanzwe mu mubiri wawe, kuzikumira kugira ngo zidakwirakwira mu bandi, no kukubuza kuyikwirakwiza mu bandi.

3. Irinde kandi wirinde kwandura indwara

Muri rusange, irinde abantu barwaye, cyane cyane abafite umuriro cyangwa inkorora, igihe cyose bishoboka . Karaba intoki zawe kenshi kandi neza n'isabune n'amazi., byibuze amasegonda 20. Koresha umuti wica intoki urimo alukolo iyo nta sabune n'amazi biboneka. Irinde gukora ku maso, ku mazuru no mu kanwa n'intoki zitakarabye. Fuka umunwa n'amazuru ukoresheje agatambaro cyangwa inkokora yawe mu gihe ukorora cyangwa witsamuye. Nubwo izi ari inzira zisanzwe z'ubuzima, zishobora no kugufasha kwirinda izi ndwara zikomeye.

Ni iki wakwitega uramutse urwaye indwara ya meningococcal?

Indwara ya meningococcal ni indwara ikomeye cyane . Ishobora gutera `Meningite ya meningococcal` cyangwa `Meningococcal Septicemia`. Ishobora no kwica . Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa gushaka ubuvuzi vuba bishoboka .

Antibiyotike zishobora gutangira gukoreshwa mbere yuko muganga amenya neza ko urwaye indwara ya meningococcal, kuko kuvurwa hakiri kare byongera amahirwe yo gukira burundu.

Nubwo umuntu yavurwa, hari ingorane zimwe na zimwe zishobora kubaho. Ibi bishobora kwangiza uruhu burundu cyangwa ingingo z'imbere. Cyangwa, bishobora gutera ingorane z'igihe gito, nko kugorwa no kwibanda ku bintu.

Icy'ingenzi ni uko bitandukanye n'izindi ndwara zimwe na zimwe, indwara ya meningococcal ishobora kwandura inshuro zirenze imwe mu buzima bwawe. Kuyirwara rimwe ntabwo biguha ubudahangarwa bw'ubuzima bwawe bwose. Niba wayirwaye inshuro zirenze imwe, muganga wawe ashobora gushaka gupima ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe.

Ni ryari wagombye kujya kwa muganga niba ukeka ko ufite indwara ya meningococcal cyangwa ufite ibimenyetso?

Niba ufite ibimenyetso by'indwara ya meningococcal, cyangwa ukeka ko uyifite, ugomba guhita ubonana na muganga, bidatinze. Ibi bigomba gufatwa nk'ikibazo cyihutirwa.

Niba ugize ingaruka mbi ku buvuzi, cyangwa niba wumva ibimenyetso byawe birushaho kwiyongera, bwira muganga wawe ako kanya.

Nubwo bimwe mu bimenyetso by'indwara ya meningococcal, nk'umuriro n'ububabare bw'umubiri, bishobora gusa n'izindi ndwara zidakomeye cyane, ni ngombwa kumenya no kuvura iyi ndwara vuba kuko ishobora gukomera vuba cyane. Niba wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, cyane cyane ijosi rikomeye , umuriro, n'uduheri ku ruhu , menya neza ko mwagiye kwa muganga. Gukingirwa ni imwe mu ntambwe z'ingenzi zo kwirinda ibi.

Ibintu by'ingenzi tugomba kwibuka muri iyi nkuru (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Noneho rero usobanukiwe neza icyo twavuzeho, indwara ya meningococcal. Wibuke:

• Indwara ya meningococcal ni indwara ikomeye cyane, ikwirakwira vuba iterwa na bagiteri .
• Kurwara umuriro, kuribwa umutwe cyane, ijosi rigakomera , n'uduheri tw'umutuku/umuhengeri ku ruhu (cyane cyane uduheri tudahinduka ibara iyo ukandagiye) ni byo bimenyetso by'ingenzi by'ingenzi. Nubibona , shaka abaganga vuba .Igihe ni ingenzi cyane.
• Gusuzuma indwara hakiri kare no kuyivura hifashishijwe imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara ni ingenzi cyane mu kurokora ubuzima no kugabanya ingorane z'igihe kirekire.
• Gukingirwa ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda iyi ndwara, cyane cyane ku bantu bari mu matsinda y’abantu bashobora kwandura indwara. Vugana na muganga wawe kuri ibi.
• Isuku y'umuntu ku giti cye (gukaraba intoki kenshi, gupfuka umunwa igihe ukorora/witsamura) no kwirinda kwegera abantu barwaye na byo ni ingenzi.
• Aho gutinya iyi ndwara, ni byiza kumenya amakuru akwiye no gufata ingamba zikenewe . Niba wowe cyangwa umuntu wo mu muryango wawe afite ikibazo kuri ibi, ntugatinye kuvugana na muganga.

Indwara ya Meningococcal , Indwara ya Meningococcal, Kwandura Bagiteri, Meningite, Ibimenyetso, Urukingo, Antibiyotike, Neisseria meningitidis