Ese ufite ikibazo ku gice cy'umutima wawe cya mitral valve? Reka tuvuge ku ndwara ya Mitral Valve!

Ese hari igihe wumva ububabare mu gituza, guhumeka bigoranye, cyangwa impinduka zitunguranye mu muvuduko w'umutima wawe? Ushobora gutekereza ko ibi ari ibintu bisanzwe. Ariko, ibi rimwe na rimwe bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by'intege nke zimwe na zimwe mu gice cy'umutima wawe. Ntugahangayike, uyu munsi turaganira kuri iyi ndwara yoroshye ya mitral valve (`Mitral Valve Disease`) .

Valve ya mitral ni iki? Ikora ite mu mutima?

Mu magambo make, umutima wawe ni urugingo rutangaje. Ufite ibyumba bine by'ingenzi. Ni nk'ibyumba biri mu nzu. Uko amaraso agenda hagati y'ibi byumba, hari amarembo mato atuma amaraso atembera mu cyerekezo kimwe gusa. Ibyo ni byo twita valves . Valve ya mitral iherereye hagati y'icyumba cyo hejuru ku ruhande rw'ibumoso rw'umutima wawe (atrium y'ibumoso) n'icyumba cyo hasi (ventricle y'ibumoso). Ni nk'irembo rito. Akazi kayo nyamukuru ni ukureka amaraso akungahaye kuri ogisijeni ava mu bihaha akava mu atrium y'ibumoso akajya mu byumba by'ibumoso. Valve y'ibumoso hanyuma ipompa amaraso mu mubiri wose. Valve ya mitral ni nk'umupolisi w'imodoka , ireka amaraso agatembera mu cyerekezo kimwe gusa kandi ntasubire inyuma. Rero, niba hari ikintu cyangiritse muri iyi valve ya mitral, cyangwa niba idakora neza, icyo gihe yitwa Indwara ya Mitral Valve . Ibi bishobora kubaho mu buryo butunguranye, cyangwa bishobora kubaho uko igihe kigenda gihita. Hari abantu bashobora kuvukana iyi ndwara (congenital).

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bw'indwara ya mitral valve?

Hari ubwoko butatu bw'ingenzi bw'indwara ya mitral valve. Reka turebe ibyo ari byo. Tekereza mitral valve yawe nk'urugi rufite uduce tubiri (`udupapuro` cyangwa `cusps`). Utwo duce tugomba gufungura no gufunga neza kugira ngo amaraso anyuremo. 1. Mitral Valve Stenosis: Aha niho uduce tuba twinshi, dukomeye, kandi ntidufunguke neza. Ibi bigabanya inzira y'amaraso ava kuri atrium y'ibumoso ajya kuri ventricle y'ibumoso. Ni nk'umuyoboro w'amazi uzibye. Ibi bituma umutima ukora cyane kugira ngo upompe amaraso. 2. Mitral Valve Prolapse: Aha niho uduce tuba twinshi cyane, kandi iyo umutima ubyimbye, tujya muri atrium y'ibumoso. Bigwa nk'igitambaro gishaje. Ibi bishobora gutuma valve idafunga neza. Ibi bibaye, rimwe na rimwe amaraso atangira kuva inyuma (`regurgitation`). 3. Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Ibi bikunze kwitwa ` `valy`` cyangwa ``insufficiency ya mitral``.Nanone byitwa. Ikibaho hano ni uko utwuma tw’umuyoboro w’amaraso tudafungana neza. Hanyuma, amwe mu maraso yagiye mu muyoboro w’ibumoso asubira mu gice cy’ibumoso cy’amaraso. Ni nk’umwuka uva mu ibara ryatobowe. Hari abantu bashobora kugira ubwoko butandukanye bw’ubwo.

Ni nde urwara indwara ya mitral valve? Ni ku rugero rungana iki?

Iyi ndwara ishobora kugaragara mu myaka iyo ari yo yose. Hari abana bavukana iki kibazo. Hari abantu bakuru bashobora kugikura mu buryo butunguranye, byaba bitewe n'indwara z'umutima cyangwa indwara y'umutima . Ariko, akenshi ikwirakwira buhoro buhoro mu bantu bakuze uko uruvange rw'amaraso rugenda rugabanuka. Ubwoko bwitwa `Mitral Valve Prolapse` bukunze kugaragara mu bagore. Ariko, ishobora kuba ikibazo gikomeye kurushaho iyo igaragaye mu bagabo, kuko baba bafite amahirwe menshi yo kugaruka cyane mu nda.

• Indwara ya Mitral Valve Stenosis ntabwo ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bihugu nka Amerika. Ariko, ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bihugu aho indwara ya rubagimpande ikunze kugaragara.
• Indwara ya Mitral Valve Prolapse ikunze kugaragara cyane. Umuntu umwe kuri 33 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ashobora kuyirwara. Ariko si buri wese uzava amaraso menshi.
• Gusubira mu mitsi ya Mitral Valve nabyo birakunze kugaragara. Abantu bagera kuri 10 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bavuga ko bafite ikibazo cyo kuva mu mitsi y'umutima. Ubwoko bw'ikibazo cyo kuva mu mitsi bukunze kugaragara cyane ni mitral valve.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'indwara ya mitral valve?

Ibimenyetso uhura nabyo biterwa n'ubwoko bw'indwara ya mitral valve ufite n'ubukana bwayo. Hari igihe ushobora kutagira ibimenyetso na gato . Cyangwa ushobora guhura n'ibintu nk'ibi:

• Kubabara mu gituza cyangwa gufungana.
• Inkorora , rimwe na rimwe amaraso make.
• Kuzungera cyangwa gucika intege.
• Umunaniro n'umunaniro (` Umunaniro` ) .
• Umutima utera cyane . Ushobora kumva umutima wawe utera cyane cyangwa ukumva ijwi ry'umutima wawe utera cyane.
• Hari abantu bashobora kurwara migraine .
• Indwara yitwa "Mitral facies." Aha niho amatama asa n'umutuku wijimye.
• "Hypotension ya orthostatic" ('Hypotension ya orthostatic') . Ibyo bivuze gusinzira mu buryo butunguranye iyo uhagaze.Kugabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso .
• Guhumeka nabi , cyane cyane iyo unaniwe cyangwa iyo uryamye.
• Kubyimba amaguru, utubuto n'ibirenge .

Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kandi kujyana n'izindi ndwara z'umutima (atrial fibrillation, umutima unanirwa).

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera indwara ya mitral valve?

Hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora gutera ibi. Reka turebe izikuru:

• Umutima uvukanwa ufite ibibazo: Hari abantu bavukana ibibazo bya mitral valve.
• Indwara zo mu mitsi: Ingero zirimo indwara nka Marfan syndrome na Ehlers-Danlos syndrome .
• Indwara z'umutima (endocarditis): Indwara z'umutima zishobora kwangiza imiyoboro y'amaraso.
• Kwaguka kw'imitsi y'ibumoso: Ibi bishobora guterwa n'indwara y'umutima cyangwa indwara nk'indwara y'umutima (cardiomyopathy) (kugabanuka kw'imitsi y'umutima).
• Gusaza: Uko ugenda usaza, kalisiyumu ishobora kwiyongera mu miyoboro y'umutima. Ibi bishobora gutuma imiyoboro y'umutima ikomera kandi idakora neza.
• Ubuvuzi bushingiye ku mirasire: Abantu bakorewe ubuvuzi bushingiye ku mirasire mu gituza bashobora kwangirika kw'imitsi y'umutima nyuma y'imyaka 10-20.
• Indwara ya rubagimpande: Iyi ni umuriro uterwa n'ubwandu bwa bagiteri. Iyo idavuwe neza, ishobora kwangiza imiyoboro y'umutima mu myaka yashize. Mu bihe byashize, iyi ni yo yari intandaro nyamukuru ya Mitral Valve Stenosis. Ubu, bitewe n'imiti igabanya ubukana, ibi byaragabanutse cyane.

Indwara ya mitral valve ipimwa ite?

Ibi bishobora kumenyekana gusa na muganga ugusuzumye akanagukorera ibizamini bimwe na bimwe.

Isuzuma ry'umubiri

Muganga azagushyira stethoscope ku gituza maze atege amatwi amajwi y'umutima wawe. Hanyuma azashaka amajwi yihariye (murmurs) ajyanye n'ubwoko butandukanye bw'indwara ya mitral valve.

• Muri `Mitral Valve Stenosis` : Ushobora kumva urusaku amaraso anyura muri valve yagabanijwe n'urusaku rwa ``snap`` iyo valve ifungutse.
• Muri `Mitral Valve Prolapse` : Ijwi rya `click` rishobora kumvikana, rigakurikirwa na `murmur`. Ibi kandi byitwa `click-murmur syndrome`.
• Muri `Mitral Valve Regurgitation` : `Murmur` yumvikana amaraso asohoka inyuma.

Byongeye kandi, bazakubaza ibimenyetso byawe n'uko hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite indwara y'umutima.

Ibizamini byo gusuzuma indwara

Ikizamini cya echocardiogram (echo) ni cyo kizamini cyiza kuri ibi. Gishobora kureba ibintu byinshi, nko imiterere y'imitsi y'umutima, ingano y'umutima, n'uko bikora. Ni nk'isuzuma rya ultrasound. Byongeye kandi, gishobora gukora ibizamini nka:

• Electrocardiography (ECG/EKG): Iyi ni isuzuma ry'imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'umutima.
• X-ray yo mu gituza: Iyi irashobora gukoreshwa mu gusuzuma ko ventricle y'ibumoso yagutse ndetse n'amazi yiyongera mu bihaha.
• Gupima umutima hakoreshejwe umuyoboro muto w’amaraso: Umuyoboro muto winjizwa mu mutima unyuze mu miyoboro y’amaraso kugira ngo upime umuvuduko uri mu mutima. Ibi bishobora gufasha gusuzuma niba nta mitsi ya mitral valve stenosis ihari. Ibi bikorwa mbere yo kubagwa kugira ngo harebwe niba hari ibibazo biri mu mitsi y’umutima.

Indwara ya mitral valve ivurwa ite?

Niba udafite ibimenyetso, birashoboka ko udakeneye kuvurwa. Muganga wawe azagukurikirana buri gihe kandi akurikirane uko umerewe. Niba ufite ibimenyetso, bizakenera kuvurwa. Gahunda yo kuvura izaterwa n'ibintu byinshi, harimo uko umerewe, imyaka yawe, ndetse niba ufite izindi ndwara. Hari uburyo bwinshi bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura:

• Imiti:

Muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira imiti igufasha kugenzura ibimenyetso byawe. Urugero, imiti igabanya ubukana bw'amaraso, imiti igabanya ubukana bw'amaraso mu mubiri (beta-blockers) cyangwa imiti igabanya ubukana bw'amaraso mu mubiri (calcium channel blockers) , hamwe n'imiti igabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso. Bashobora kandi kukwandikira imiti igabanya ubukana bw'amaraso cyangwa imiti igabanya ubukana bw'amaraso kugira ngo bagabanye ibyago byo kubyimba kw'amaraso.

• `Gupima ibara ry'umuhondo`:

Ibi bikorwa ku bantu bafite `Mitral Valve Stenosis`. Katheteri ntoya imeze nk'ibumba inyuzwa mu mitsi y'amaraso ijya mu mutima, hanyuma ibumba rigashyirwamo umwuka hafi y'aho ifunganye, rigafungura ibumba kandi rigatuma inzira inyuramo amaraso irushaho kwaguka.

• Kubaga gusana valve ya Mitral:

Igihe cyose bishoboka, abaganga bagerageza gusana valve aho kuyikuraho. Ibi bigufasha kugumana valve yawe bwite no kwirinda zimwe mu ngorane zizanwa na valve y'ubukorano.

• Kubaga uburyo bwo gusimbuza valve ya Mitral:

Hari igihe, iyo valve yangiritse cyane ku buryo idashobora gusanwa, igomba gukurwaho hanyuma igashyirwamo valve y'ubukorano.

• Kubaga mu buryo buciriritse (`Gusana valve ya mitral ivangwa mu buryo buciriritse`):

Ubu buryo butuma umuntu akira vuba kuko kubagwa bikorwa binyuze mu gukata mato aho gukata mato. Hari uburyo nka `Right mini-thoracotomy` , `partial upper sternotomy` , na `robotically-assisted repair` .

• Uburyo bwo gufata imiti ku ruhu:

Ubu ni uburyo bwo kuvura bukoresha catheter. Bukwiriye cyane abantu bafite imitima minini kandi ifite intege nke. Ku bantu bafite `Mitral Valve Regurgitation`, igikoresho gito cyitwa `MitraClip™` gishobora gushyirwa kuri valve, bigatuma ifunga neza kandi kikagabanya gusubira inyuma kw'amaraso.

• Gusimbuza valve ya mitral ikoresha uruhu rwo mu nda:

Ku bantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kubagwa ariko bafite aho bapanze neza, hari igihe bashyiramo valve nshya muri valve ishaje kandi irwaye.

Igikuru ni ukuganira na muganga wawe ku buryo bwo kuvura bukubereye.

Ingorane zishobora kubaho mu gihe cyo kuvurwa

Ubu buryo bwo kubaga no kuvura muri rusange burakora neza cyane. Ingaruka zo kugira ibibazo ni nke. Ariko, nk'uko bigenda ku kubaga umutima, ibi bikurikira bishobora kubaho:

• Umutima utari umeze neza (`Arrhythmia`)
• Kuva amaraso
• Amaraso apfutse
• Indwara y'umutima
• Gufunga umutima
• Kwandura

Izi ngaruka ziratandukanye bitewe n'ubuvuzi uhabwa n'uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze, bityo vugana na muganga wawe kuri ibi.

Ese indwara ya mitral valve ishobora kwirindwa?

Akenshi biragoye kwirinda izi ndwara zo mu bwoko bwa valve. Ariko hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe ushobora gukora kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo gusaza:

• Komeza kugira ibiro bizima. Ni byiza cyane ku mutima wawe no ku mitsi y'amaraso.
• Fata imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara nk'indwara yo mu muhogo cyangwa indwara y'umukara mu gihe cyagenwe.
• Jya kwa muganga nibura rimwe mu mwaka kugira ngo agupime ubuzima bwawe .

Niba utwite cyangwa uteganya gutwita, ganira na muganga wawe ku bintu ushobora gukora kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kurwara indwara y'umutima umwana wawe yavukanye. Ashobora kukugira inama yo kwirinda kunywa itabi, inzoga n'ibiyobyabwenge. Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite amateka y'indwara y'umutima yavukanye cyangwa indwara y'imitsi ihuza umubiri, ushobora gutekereza ku isuzuma ry'uturemangingo .

Ushobora kumara igihe kingana iki urwaye indwara ya mitral valve?

Ibi biterwa n'ibintu byinshi, harimo ubwoko bw'indwara ufite, ubukana bwayo, ingano y'ibyangiritse byagize ku mutima wawe, n'igihe uvurirwa. Rero, ganira na muganga wawe ku kibazo cyawe.

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Niba ufite ibimenyetso by'indwara ya mitral valve, jya kwa muganga ako kanya . Kubimenya hakiri kare bishobora gufasha gukumira ingorane zikomeye nyuma. Niba indwara yawe ari nto, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba kuza buri gihe kugira ngo akurikirane indwara yawe. Ntiwibagirwe kujya gusura muganga nyuma yo kuvurwa.

Ibibazo bisaba ubuvuzi bwihutirwa

Niba ikintu nk'iki kibaye, ugomba guhita uhamagara 1990 cyangwa ukajya ku bitaro biri hafi yawe:

• Kubabara cyane mu gituza.
• Gutakaza ubwenge, isereri, cyangwa intege nke zikabije.
• Iyo umutima utera cyane cyangwa utera nabi.
• Guhumeka bigoranye cyane mu buryo butunguranye.
• Niba ugize ingaruka zitunguranye ziturutse ku muti urimo gufata.

Niba ufata imiti igabanya amaraso (anticoagulants), shaka ubufasha bwa muganga vuba niba uguye. Ni ngombwa kujya kwisuzumisha, nubwo nta bimenyetso by'inyuma ubona byerekana ko wangiritse, kuko hari ibyago byo kuva amaraso imbere.

Ni ibihe bibazo ngomba kubaza muganga?

Iyo umaze gupimwa indwara ya mitral valve, ni ngombwa kumenya byinshi kuri yo. Baza muganga wawe ibibazo nk'ibi:

• Indwara yanjye imeze ite?
• Ibi bishobora kuzarushaho kuba bibi uko igihe kigenda gihita?
• Ese nkeneye kubagwa? Niba ari byo, ni ryari?
• Ese nshobora kubagwa cyangwa kuvurwa hakoreshejwe catheter?
• Ese valve yanjye ishobora gusanwa, cyangwa ngomba kubona valve nshya?
• Uburyo bwo kuvura bumeze bute?
• Ni izihe ngaruka n'inyungu z'ubu buvuzi?
• Bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo umuntu akire?
• Ni kangahe ngomba kuza gukurikirana?
• Ese ngomba gufata imiti iyo ari yo yose ubu cyangwa nyuma yo kuvurwa? Igihe kingana iki?
• Ni izihe mpinduka ngomba kugira mu mibereho yanjye?

Gusana valve ni igikorwa kigoye, bityo ni ngombwa cyane gushaka inzobere y'inararibonye.

Ni gute nakwiyitaho?

Muganga wawe azakugira inama akurikije uko umerewe. Muri rusange, ibi ni ingenzi:

• Fata imiti yawe uko byategetswe.
• Wite ku menyo yawe n'ishinya neza. (Ubuzima bw'akanwa nabwo bigira ingaruka ku mutima)
• Imyitozo ngororamubiri nk'uko muganga abivuga.
• Irinde kunywa itabi, inzoga n'ibiyobyabwenge.
• Genzura imihangayiko .
• Sinzira neza.

Vugurura ikarita yawe y'amakuru y'ubuvuzi bwihutirwa.

Niba ufite indwara iyo ari yo yose yo mu bwoko bwa valve, ugomba kubimenyesha abaganga bawe bose n'abaganga b'amenyo. Ushobora gukenera gufata imiti yica udukoko mbere yo gukora ubuvuzi bw'amenyo cyangwa ubuvuzi. Ni ngombwa kandi kugira ikarita y'amakuru yihutirwa y'ubuvuzi . Igomba kuba irimo amakuru akurikira:

• Izina ryawe ryuzuye n'itariki y'amavuko.
• Nimero ya terefone y'umuntu ugomba kumenyesha mu gihe cy'impanuka.
• Ibisobanuro birambuye by'umuganga wawe w'ibanze.
• Allergie yawe.
• Umuti wose ufata.
• Ubwoko bw'indwara y'imitsi y'amaraso ufite.
• Ese wasannye cyangwa wasimbuye valve?
• Ese ufata imiti igabanya amaraso.

Niba utazi uburyo bwo kubikora, baza muganga wawe. Ushobora kwandika ibi bisobanuro ku gakarita gato ukabika mu gakapu kawe cyangwa mu gakapu.

Amaherezo, ngomba kuvuga... (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Indwara ya Mitral valve ntigira ingaruka ku bantu bose kimwe. Hari abantu bashobora kuba badafite ibimenyetso. Abandi bashobora kugira ibibazo bikomeye mu mirimo yabo ya buri munsi. Igikuru ni ukubonana na muganga wawe buri gihe no gukurikirana ubuzima bwawe. Bibwire muganga wawe vuba niba ubonye ibimenyetso bishya cyangwa impinduka mu bimenyetso byawe. Nubwo indwara ya valve idashobora kwirindwa mu bihe byinshi, kugira ubuzima bwiza bw'umutima bishobora gufasha gukomeza imiyoboro yawe ndetse n'umutima wawe wose. Ntugahangayike, hamwe n'inama n'ubuvuzi bikwiye, nawe ushobora kwihanganira iyi ndwara neza no kubaho ubuzima bwiza! Indwara ya Mitral Valve, Indwara y'Umutima, Indwara ya Valve, Ubumuga bwo guhumeka, Ububabare bwo mu gituza, Kubagwa k'Umutima, Indwara ya Mitral Valve