Icyo ukeneye kumenya ku rukingo rwa mRNA

Twese twumvise ijambo "mRNA" kenshi ku cyorezo cya COVID-19, si byo se? Ariko icyarimwe, abantu benshi bafite ibibazo kuri ibi, ndetse bakagira n'ubwoba. "Ese ibi ni bishya?", "Ibi bizagira izihe ngaruka ku mibiri yacu?" Ushobora kuba warabyibajije. None rero uyu munsi, reka tuganire mu buryo bworoshye kandi mu kinyabupfura ku bijyanye n'uru rukingo rwa mRNA n'uko rukora mu mibiri yacu.

Reka tubanze turebe, iyi mRNA ni iki?

Izina ryuzuye rya mRNA ni aside Ribonucleic ya messenger. Nubwo izina rigoye gato, akazi karoroshye cyane. Tekereza ADN iri mu mubiri wacu nk'igitabo kinini cyo guteka. Iki gitabo kirimo amabwiriza yo gukora poroteyine zose umubiri wacu ukeneye. Ariko ntushobora kujyana iki gitabo kinini cyose mu gikoni (ni ukuvuga kuri ribosomes mu turemangingo twacu dukora poroteyine).

Aha niho 'intumwa' yitwa mRNA igaragara. Icyo ikora ni ukwandika ku rupapuro resept ya poroteyine ikeneye gukora ivuye muri icyo gitabo kinini cya ADN, maze ikajyana ubwo butumwa mu gikoni. Muri make, mRNA ni nk'ubutumwa bugufi bukopera amabwiriza ari muri ADN bukayohereza aho poroteyine ikorerwa. Iyi ni inzira ibaho mu buryo busanzwe mu mibiri yacu igihe cyose.

None se bigenda bite ku rukingo rwa mRNA?

Kimwe n'inkingo zose, urukingo rwa mRNA rutoza ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu kurwanya indwara. Ariko uburyo rubikora butandukanye gato.

Fata urugero rw'urukingo rwa mRNA rwa COVID-19. Icyo uru rukingo rukora ni uguha uturemangingo twacu gusa amabwiriza (ubutumwa bwa mRNA) akenewe kugira ngo hakorwe 'Spike Protein', iri mu bigize virusi ya SARS-CoV-2 itera COVID-19.

Iyo uturemangingo twacu twakiriye aya mabwiriza, dukora zimwe muri izi 'poroteyine y'amahwa.' Iyo ubudahangarwa bwacu bw'umubiri bubonye iyi poroteyine nshya, buravuga buti: "Oh... iyi ni intero idafite aho ihuriye n'umubiri wacu." Hanyuma, bwitegura gukora intwaro, nk'uturemangingo tw'umubiri, zo kuyirwanya.

Kubera ko twatojwe muri ubu buryo mbere y'igihe, niba virusi nyayo ya COVID-19 yinjiye mu mubiri nyuma, ubudahangarwa bwacu bw'umubiri buzayimenya bukimara kuyibona, buyirwanye vuba kandi neza, kandi buturinde kurwara bikomeye.

Ubutumwa bwa mRNA buva mu rukingo burasenyuka, bugasenyuka, hanyuma bukabura mu minsi mike mu mubiri. Kimwe n'igitabo cy'amafunguro tujyana mu gikoni tukagisenya iyo turangije. Ntibwigera buhurira na ADN yacu cyangwa ngo buhindure imiterere yacu.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'inkingo za mRNA n'inkingo gakondo?

Itandukaniro rikomeye riri mu buryo virusi igaragara mu budahangarwa bw'umubiri. Reba imbonerahamwe iri hepfo kugira ngo umenye byinshi.

Bigenda bite iyo uhawe urukingo?

Muganga cyangwa umuforomo azagusukura igice cyo hejuru cy'ukuboko akoresheje inzoga hanyuma agutere urushinge. Hanyuma, uzasabwa gutegereza iminota 15. Ibi ni ukureba niba nta ubwivumbure bw'umubiri buhita buterwa n'urushinge. Hari abantu bumva bananiwe mu gihe cyo gutera urushinge, bityo ni byiza kwicara.

Ni izihe nyungu n'ingaruka mbi z'inkingo za mRNA?

Ibyiza

Kimwe mu byiza bikomeye by'ikoranabuhanga rya mRNA ni umuvuduko . Inkingo gakondo zisaba ko virusi ihingwa muri laboratwari. Ibyo bishobora gufata amezi, ndetse n'imyaka. Ariko inkingo za mRNA ntizisaba ibyo, bityo zishobora gukorwa vuba cyane, ndetse no mu gihe habaye icyorezo gishya.

Tuvuze ku rukingo rwa COVID-19, kubona urukingo,

• Bigabanya ibyago byo kwandura COVID-19.
• Nubwo yandura, ibyago byo kurwara bikomeye, kujya mu bitaro no gupfa biragabanuka cyane.
• Bigabanya ibyago byo kugira ingaruka z'igihe kirekire (COVID y'igihe kirekire) nyuma yo kwandura COVID-19.

Ingaruka n'ingaruka mbi

Kimwe n'urukingo urwo ari rwo rwose, inkingo za mRNA zishobora kugira ingaruka mbi nto. Mu by'ukuri izi ni ikimenyetso cy'uko ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwawe butangiye gukora.

Ingaruka mbi zisanzwe:

• Kubabara cyangwa kubyimba aho bateye inshinge
• Umunaniro
• Umutwe
• Kubabara imitsi
• Umuriro uciriritse

Ibi bimenyetso bikunze gushira burundu mu munsi umwe cyangwa ibiri.

Ubwivumbure budasanzwe ariko bukomeye:

Ni gake cyane umuntu ashobora kugira ubwivumbure ku kintu kiri mu rukingo. Ibimenyetso birimo:

• Uruhu rushyushye cyangwa uburyaryate
• Kuryarya
• Kubyimba mu maso, iminwa, ururimi, cyangwa umuhogo (Anaphylaxis)

Ese koko iri koranabuhanga ni rishya?

Oya. Ubushakashatsi ku ikoranabuhanga rya mRNA bwatangiye kuva mu myaka ya 1970. Kugeza mu myaka ya 1990 ni bwo ubushakashatsi ku gukoresha iri koranabuhanga mu gukora inkingo bwatangiye. Byatwaye abahanga mu bya siyansi imyaka irenga 20 kugira ngo bamenye uburyo bwo kwinjiza iyi mRNA mu turemangingo tudakoresheje ubudahangarwa bwacu bwo kuyica.

Iri koranabuhanga ryakoreshejwe neza ku muti (Patisiran) uvura indwara idasanzwe yo mu bwonko na mbere y’icyorezo cya COVID-19. Ubwo icyorezo cya COVID-19 cyageraga, abahanga mu bya siyansi bashoboye gukoresha ubumenyi bakuye mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe mu myaka myinshi kugira ngo bakore inkingo zizewe kandi zikora neza vuba kurusha mbere hose.

Ni ibisanzwe kugira ubwoba no gushidikanya ku bintu bishya. Ariko mRNA ni intambwe ikomeye mu buvuzi, yakorewe ubushakashatsi kandi itera imbere mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo. Iyi molekile ntoya ishobora kudufasha kuvura izindi ndwara nyinshi, nka kanseri, mu gihe kizaza.