Ese wigeze wumva indwara ya neuromyelitis optica , cyangwa NMO nk'uko tuyita mu magambo ahinnye? Birashoboka ko atari byo. Kuko atari indwara ikunze kugaragara cyane ku isi. Ariko ni indwara ikomeye ishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku maso yacu no ku ruti rw'umugongo. Rero, ni ngombwa cyane kubimenya. Uyu munsi, turabivugaho mu buryo bworoshye ushobora gusobanukirwa.
Mu magambo make, NMO ni iki?
NMO ifite andi mazina menshi. Bamwe bayita Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD), abandi bayita Devic's Disease. Iki ni ikintu kidasanzwe cyane kibaho. Ubwirinzi bw'umubiri wacu, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, butangira kwibeshya ku turemangingo twacu tuzima. Ni nk'ingabo zacu zitera igihugu cyacu. Iki gitero cyibasira ahanini ibice bibiri by'imitsi yacu: umutsi w'amaso, utwara amakuru ava mu jisho ujya mu bwonko, n'umugongo, unyura mu mugongo.
Iyi ndwara ishobora kubaho mu buryo bubiri bw'ingenzi:
1. Monophasic NMO: Muri ibi, ibimenyetso bigaragara mu buryo butunguranye mu gihe cy'iminsi cyangwa ibyumweru runaka kandi bigashira mu gitero kimwe.
2. Gusubira inyuma kw'indwara ya NMO: Ubu ni bwo bwoko bukunze kugaragara cyane. Aha, ibimenyetso biragaragara kandi bikagabanuka mu gihe runaka. Ariko nyuma y'amezi cyangwa imyaka, ikindi gitero gishobora kubaho. Ibimenyetso bishobora kwiyongera uko buri gitero giteye.
Nubwo ubwoko bwa mbere bushobora kwibasira abagabo n'abagore, ubwoko bwa kabiri, cyangwa indwara ya NMO yo gusubira inyuma, bukunze kwibasira abagore kurusha abagabo. Bushobora no kwibasira abana bato.
Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya NMO?
Ibimenyetso bya NMO biri mu byiciro bibiri by'ingenzi. Niba ufite kimwe muri ibi, ni ngombwa cyane kujya kwa muganga vuba bishoboka.
| Indwara | Ibisobanuro n'ibimenyetso |
|---|---|
| Indwara y'imitsi y'amaraso (optic neuritis) | Iki ni cyo gihe umutsi w’amaso uri mu jisho ubyimba. Ushobora kumva ububabare bukabije mu jisho ryawe . Ibi bishobora gukurikirwa no kutabona neza, ndetse rimwe na rimwe no guta ubwenge burundu. Akenshi bigira ingaruka ku jisho rimwe, ariko rimwe na rimwe bishobora kugira ingaruka ku maso yombi. |
| Myelite ihinduranya | Iki ni cyo gihe umugongo w’umugongo ubyimba. Ibi bishobora gutera ububabare, intege nke, ibinya, cyangwa ubumuga mu maboko no mu maguru. Ushobora kandi kubura ubushobozi bwo kugenzura uruhago rwawe n’amara. Byongeye kandi, ibimenyetso nko kugira isesemi, kuruka, gucika intege mu nda, kugorama kw’ijosi, no kuribwa umutwe nabyo bishobora kubaho. |
Iyo abana bato bagaragaje indwara yo mu mutwe (NMO), bashobora kugaragaza ibimenyetso bikomeye nko guhindura imyitwarire, kubura ubwenge, gucika intege, cyangwa koma.
Ese NMO ni kimwe na MS (Multiple Sclerosis)?
Oya. Aha ni ahantu abantu benshi bahurira mu rujijo. MS, bisobanura Multiple Sclerosis, ni indi ndwara igira ingaruka ku mitsi kandi iterwa n'imikorere y'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri. Mu bihe byashize, abaganga batekerezaga ko NMO ari ubwoko bwa MS. Ariko ubu ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko izi ndwara zombi zitandukanye rwose.
Dore zimwe muri izo mpinduka :
| Igipimo | NMO (Neuromyelitis Optica) | MS (Sclerosis nyinshi) |
|---|---|---|
| Umuvuduko w'itangira ry'indwara | Ibimenyetso akenshi biba byihuse cyane kandi bikomeye. | Ibimenyetso bikunze kwiyongera buhoro buhoro, mu gihe kirekire. |
| Gupima amaraso | Hariho ikizamini cyihariye cy'amaraso (antibody test) kugira ngo hamenyekane NMO. | Nta gipimo cy’amaraso cyihariye nk’iki gitangwa kugira ngo hamenyekane indwara ya MS. |
| MRI scan y'ubwonko | Mu ntangiriro z'indwara, gupima ubwonko hakoreshejwe MRI bishobora kugaragara nk'ibisanzwe. | Muri MS, impinduka zikunze kugaragara kuri MRI scans y'ubwonko. |
| Ibindi bintu | Ibimenyetso nko kugira isesemi, kuruka, no gucika intege ni ibisanzwe. | Ibi bimenyetso ntibikunze kugaragara muri MS. |
Ni iki gitera indwara ya NMO?
Mu by’ukuri, abaganga ntibaramenya impamvu nyayo ya NMO. Nta gihamya kigaragaza ko yahererekanyijwe kuva ku gisekuru kugeza ku kindi. Ariko hari ikintu kimwe kigaragara. Abantu benshi barwaye NMO bafite izindi ndwara ziterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri , cyangwa abo mu miryango yabo barazirwaye. Muri make, ni indwara aho ubwirinzi bw’umubiri wacu, ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri, bwibasira uturemangingo twacu tuzima. Diyabete (Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1), rubagimpande, psoriasis, na vitiligo ni zimwe mu ngero z’izo ndwara.
Iyi ndwara ipimwa ite?
Nyuma yo kukubaza ibimenyetso byawe, muganga azagusuzuma. Ibi bikubiyemo gupima ubushobozi bwawe bwo gutekereza, amaso yawe, imvugo yawe, imbaraga z'umubiri wawe, n'ubushobozi bwawe bwo gutekereza.
Byongeye kandi, ibi bizamini bishobora no gukorwa:
- Ibizamini by'amaraso: Abantu barenga 70% bafite NMO bafite poroteyine yihariye, yitwa antibody, mu maraso yabo. Ibi bishobora kumenyekana hakoreshejwe ikizamini cy'amaraso.
- Isuzuma ry'amazi yo mu mugongo: Hari igihe bishobora kuba ngombwa gufata amazi yo mu mugongo ukayapima.
- MRI scan: MRI ( ishusho ya resonance ya magnetic)) ni uburyo bukoresha rukuruzi nini na mudasobwa kugira ngo hafatwe amashusho meza y'imbere mu mubiri wawe. Ibi bishobora gufasha kureba niba uruti rw'umugongo rwawe rwarabyimbye.
- Isuzuma ry'amaso: Ushobora koherezwa kwa muganga w'amaso, akagukorera ibizamini byihariye nka OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) kugira ngo arebe niba nta cyangiritse ku mitsi y'amaso.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura indwara ya NMO?
Iki ni cyo gice cy'ingenzi cyane. Nta muti wa NMO uraboneka kugeza ubu. Ariko hari uburyo bwiza cyane bwo kuvura bushobora gufasha mu kugenzura ibimenyetso no gukumira ibitero by'ejo hazaza.
- Imiti igabanya ihungabana: Hari imiti myinshi mishya iherutse kwemezwa kuri NMO. Eculizumab (Soliris), inebilizumab-cdon (Uplizna), na satralizumab-mwge (Enspryng) ni imwe muri iyo miti. Iyi miti ikora hibandwa ku ngirabuzima fatizo zitera uturemangingo twacu tuzima zikatubuza gukora. Byongeye kandi, muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira indi miti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri.
- Steroids: Imiti ya steroid itangwa kugira ngo igabanye ububyimbirwe mu mubiri. Iyi miti ikunze gutangwa binyuze mu mitsi (IV).
- Guhinduranya plasma: Nanone byitwa plasmapheresis, ibi ni nk'icyuma gisukura amaraso. Imashini yihariye itandukanya plasma n'amaraso yawe, irimo uturemangingo twangiza, ikayakuraho. Hanyuma, hongerwaho ikindi gisimbura amaraso hanyuma amaraso asukuye agasubizwa mu mubiri wawe.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- NMO ni indwara idakunze kugaragara ariko ikomeye y’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri ifata amaso yacu n’umugongo.
- Niba ugize ibimenyetso nko kubabara amaso mu buryo butunguranye, kutabona neza, gucika intege cyangwa kugira ibinya mu maguru yawe, shaka ubufasha kwa muganga vuba.
- NMO ni indwara itandukanye na MS (Multiple Sclerosis). Isuzuma ryihariye ry'amaraso rishobora gutandukanya ibyo byombi.
- Nubwo idashobora gukira burundu, hari uburyo bwiza cyane bwo kuvura ibimenyetso no gukumira ibitero by'ejo hazaza.
- Niba wowe cyangwa undi muntu uzi afite gushidikanya cyangwa ibibazo kuri ibi, nyamuneka vugana na muganga wawe nta guhishanya.
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