Ese wigeze wibaza niba imiti imwe n'imwe, cyane cyane ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara zikomeye, ishobora kwangiza ibyiyumvo byawe byo kumva cyangwa kumva neza? Iyi ni indwara izwi n'abaganga izwi nka ototoxicity . Nubwo ishobora kumvikana nk'iteye impungenge, kuyisobanukirwa ni ingenzi ku mibereho yawe myiza. Muri Nirogi Lanka, turashaka kugufasha gusobanukirwa neza icyo ibi bivuze.
Uburozi bwa Ototoxicity ni iki?
Muri make, uburozi bwo mu matwi bubaho iyo umuti wangiza ugutwi imbere nk'ingaruka mbi. Iri jambo rikomoka kuri "oto," bivuze ugutwi, na "uburozi," bivuze uburozi. Mu by'ukuri, risobanura indwara aho ikintu gikora uburozi ku miterere yoroshye y'ugutwi kwawe imbere.
Ugutwi kwawe kw'imbere kugizwe n'uturemangingo duto tw’ubwumva dufite inshingano zo kumva no kuringaniza imiterere y’umubiri wawe. Imiti imwe n'imwe—nk'ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara zikomeye cyangwa kanseri—ishobora kwangiza utwo turemangingo tw’ubwumva, bigatera uburozi mu mubiri.
Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'uburozi bwo mu mubiri bushobora kugaragara?
Ibimenyetso biratandukanye cyane hagati y’abantu. Bishobora kugaragara ukimara gutangira imiti, cyangwa bigakura buhoro buhoro uko igihe kigenda gihita. Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, ibimenyetso bishobora kutagaragara kugeza amezi cyangwa imyaka nyuma y’uko ubuvuzi burangiye.
Akenshi, kimwe mu bimenyetso bya mbere ni ukumva amajwi yo kumva adahari, nko gucura imiborogo, gucura imiborogo, cyangwa gucura imiborogo. Abaganga babyita tinnitus , kandi akenshi bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'umuburo w'uko umuntu atakibasha kumva.
Izindi bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara ni izi:
- Kubura amatwi (mu gutwi kumwe cyangwa yombi).
- Kumva udakomeye cyangwa utakaje uburinganire bwawe, cyane cyane iyo ugenda cyangwa uzamuka ingazi.
- Kugorwa no kugenda nijoro cyangwa ahantu hafite urumuri ruto.
- Ingendo yagutse (gutembera ibirenge byawe bitandukanyije cyane) kugira ngo ukomeze kuringaniza.
- Ibyumviro by'uko ibintu bihagaze biri kuzenguruka, bizwi nka oscillopsia .
- Kuzunguza umutwe, kubabara umutwe, cyangwa umunaniro udashira.
Tekereza ingorane zo kugerageza gukora imirimo yawe ya buri munsi mu gihe wumva umeze nk'uzunguza cyangwa uhagaze nabi. Niba ubonye ibi bimenyetso, ni ngombwa kubifata nk'ibintu bikomeye.
Ibi bigira ingaruka zite ku bana?
Ku bana, cyane cyane abakiga kuvuga, uburozi bushobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku myigire yabo no ku mikurire yabo mu mibereho yabo. Nk'umubyeyi, komeza kuba maso ku bimenyetso bikurikira:
- Kugorwa no kwibanda ku ishuri cyangwa mu gihe wiga imirimo mishya.
- Kunanirwa vuba iyo ukeneye gutega amatwi igihe kirekire.
- Kunanirwa kumva abandi, gutinda kuvuga, cyangwa kongera kwikuramo. Ibi bishobora no gutuma habaho gutinda kw'iterambere ry'imvugo.
Niba umwana usanzwe ashishikajwe no kwiga ahura n’ikibazo cyo kudashyira mu gaciro cyangwa ahora yinubira ko ananiwe, ntukabirengagize gusa nk’aho ari ukubura amahoro—ni byiza kuganira kuri izi mpungenge n’umuganga w’abana.
Kuki habaho uburozi bwo mu mubiri?
Hari imiti irenga 200 izwi ivura uburozi ishobora kugira ingaruka ku gutwi imbere. Imwe ikenera imiti ya muganga, mu gihe indi, nk'imiti imwe n'imwe igabanya ububabare, iboneka ku giciro cya muganga.
Ni ngombwa kwibuka ko imiti myinshi ifitanye isano n'uburozi bw'amagufwa ari uburyo bwo kuvura burokora ubuzima . Urugero, imiti ikoreshwa mu kuvura kanseri cyangwa indwara zikomeye za bagiteri ni ingenzi. Muri ibyo bihe, inyungu zo kubungabunga ubuzima akenshi ziruta ibyago byo kugira ingaruka mbi ziterwa no gutwi.
Byongeye kandi, imiti myinshi muri iyi itera ibyago byo kwangiza imikorere y’umubiri iyo uyifashe ku rugero rwo hejuru cyane, rudakunze kwandikirwa abarwayi benshi.
Bimwe mu byiciro by'ingenzi by'imiti bishobora guteza iyi ngaruka birimo:
Antibiyotike za Aminoglycoside
Izi ni ubwoko bwa antibiyotike zikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara zikomeye za bagiteri. Hamwe n'imiti ya chimiotherapie, ni imwe mu mpamvu zikunze gutera uburozi bwa ototoxicity. Ingero zirimo:
- Amikacin
- Gentamicin
- Kanamycin
- Neomycin
- Netilmicin
- Streptomycin
- Tobramycin
- Vancomycin (rimwe na rimwe iba iri muri iki cyiciro)
Imiti ya Chimiotherapie
Imiti ikoreshwa mu kuvura kanseri zitandukanye rimwe na rimwe ishobora kwangiza ugutwi:
- Karuboplatine
- Cisplatin
Imiti igabanya ubukana bw'amaraso mu ruhu (“Ibinini by'amazi”)
Iyi miti ifasha impyiko gukura umunyu n'amazi menshi mu mubiri. Imwe muri zo irimo:
- Bumetanide
- aside ethacrinic
- Furosemide
- Torsemide
Ibindi bintu
Akenshi, ibi bikurikira bishobora no gutera uburozi bukomoka ku bimera:
- Quinine: Ikoreshwa mu kuvura malariya.
- Salicylate: Iyi ni imiti igabanya ububabare idakoreshejwe na muganga. Izwi cyane ni Aspirine . Ingorane zikunze kubaho gusa iyo umuntu ayifashe ku rugero rwo hejuru kandi rurerure.
- Ibinyabutabire bikomoka ku bidukikije: Guhura n'ibintu nka mercure , tin, lisansi, cyangwa monoxide ya karubone rimwe na rimwe bishobora gutera iyi ndwara.
Ni ibihe bintu bishobora gutera ibyago?
Ingaruka zo kugira uburozi mu mubiri si zimwe kuri buri wese. Bitewe n'imiti ufata, muganga wawe azagusobanurira ibintu byihariye bishobora kugutera ibyago, muri rusange birimo:
- Ubwoko bw'imiti: Hari imiti ifite ibyago byinshi kurusha indi.
- Igipimo: Ingano y'umuti utangwa.
- Igihe: Igihe umara ufata umuti.
- Uburyo bwo kuvura buvanze: Gufata imiti myinshi ishobora kuvura indwara ya ototoxic icyarimwe bishobora kongera ibyago.
Byongeye kandi, abashakashatsi bavumbuye ko hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kugira uruhare mu miterere y’umubiri. Urugero, itandukaniro ryihariye mu miterere y’umubiri rishobora gutuma bamwe mu bantu bagira ibyago byo kwandura indwara zo mu mubiri iyo bafata imiti igabanya ubukana bw’imiti ya aminoglycoside.
Ingorane zishobora guterwa n'uburozi bw'umubiri
Kwangirika k'ugutwi kwawe imbere guterwa n'imiti ihumanya akenshi ntibishobora gusubizwa inyuma . Ibi bivuze ko ushobora guhura n'ibibazo by'igihe kirekire mu bijyanye no kumva no kuringaniza amatwi.
By’umwihariko ku bana bato, ubu burwayi bwo kutumva bushobora kubangamira cyane ubushobozi bwabo bwo kwiga kuvuga, kwiga ururimi, no guteza imbere ubuhanga bw’ingenzi mu itumanaho. Tekereza kuri ibi: niba umwana adashobora kumva amagambo neza, ni gute yakwiga kuyakoresha neza?
Nubwo ibyangiritse bishobora kuba burundu, muganga wawe ashobora gukurikirana indwara yawe, akavura ibimenyetso runaka uko bivuka, kandi akaguha ubufasha bukenewe kugira ngo agufashe guhangana n’izi mpinduka.
Iyi ndwara imenyekana ite?
Niba ubonye ibimenyetso, ushobora gukenera kugana muganga w’indwara z’amaso (ENT specialist) cyangwa umuganga w’amatwi. Bazagukorera ibizamini byihariye bishingiye ku bimenyetso byawe kugira ngo bapime ubuzima bw’imbere mu gutwi kwawe.
Icy'ingenzi ni uko muganga wawe ashobora gupima uburyo wumva n'uburyo uhagaze mbere yuko utangira imiti ishobora kugutera uburozi. Ibi bizamini bishobora no gusubirwamo rimwe na rimwe mu gihe cyose cy'ubuvuzi bwawe. Ibi bidufasha kubona impinduka zigaragara ziterwa n'ingaruka mbi hakiri kare.
Ni ibihe bizamini bikorwa?
Kugira ngo umuganga asuzume uburyo ugutwi kwawe kw'imbere gukora, ashobora kukugira inama ikurikira:
- Ikizamini cya Audiogram: Iki kizamini gipima ubushobozi bwawe bwo kumva amajwi atandukanye, harimo amajwi yoroshye n'ay'urusaku, amajwi atandukanye, n'uburyo wumva neza imvugo.
- Ikizamini cya Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR): Iki kizasuzuma uburyo imitsi yawe y'amatwi yakira amajwi n'uburyo ayo majwi yoherezwa mu bwonko bwawe.
- Ikizamini cya Otoacoustic Emissions (OAEs): Uturemangingo tw’umusatsi tworoshye turi muri cochlea yawe dukora imitingito mito cyane bitewe n’amajwi. Iki kizamini gipima iyo mitingito kugira ngo hamenyekane uburyo utwo turemangingo dukora neza.
- Bateri yo gupima Vestibular: Iki ni urukurikirane rw'ibizamini byo gusuzuma ibibazo byo kuringaniza imiterere y'amaso, harimo Videonystagmography (VNG) yo gukurikirana imikorere y'amaso, Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (VEMPs), ibizamini byo kuzenguruka intebe, na videwo yo gupima umutwe (vHIT).
Uburozi bwa ototoxicity buvurwa bute?
Ikibabaje ni uko guhagarika umuti utera uburozi mu mubiri bitashobora gusubiza inyuma ibyangiritse byamaze kubaho. Ariko, guhagarika cyangwa guhindura ingano y'umuti (igihe cyose bishoboka kwa muganga) bishobora gukumira kwangirika kurushaho.
Nkuko byavuzwe, imiti myinshi ivura indwara zikomoka ku biyobyabwenge ni uburyo bwo kuvura burokora ubuzima. Kubwibyo, kuyihagarika cyangwa gukora impinduka zikomeye kuri gahunda yawe yo kuvura si amahitamo buri gihe.
Muri ibyo bihe, itsinda ry’abaganga rizakurikirana neza uko ubyitwaramo ku miti kandi rigufashe guhangana n’ibimenyetso byose bizakugaragaraho.
Ibikoresho n'ingamba zo gucunga ibimenyetso
Nubwo ibyangiritse akenshi biba ari ibya burundu, hari uburyo bwiza bwo kunoza ubuzima bwawe:
- Ibikoresho bifasha abantu kumva: Ibi bikoresho bifasha abafite ikibazo cyo kutumva kumva neza no koroshya itumanaho.
- Implants za Cochlear: Iki ni igikoresho cy'ikoranabuhanga cyo kubaga ku bantu bafite ikibazo gikomeye cyo kutumva ariko badahabwa ubufasha buhagije n'ibikoresho bisanzwe byo kumva.
- Kuvugurura imitsi yo mu matwi: Ubu ni uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvura umubiri. Ukorana n'umuvuzi, uziga imyitozo ngororamubiri ifasha ubwonko bwawe guhangana n'ikibazo cyo kutumvikana kw'amatwi imbere, bishobora kugabanya cyane isereri no kudahagarara neza mu gihe ugenda.
Ese uburozi bwo mu mubiri bushobora kwirindwa?
Ntabwo buri gihe bishobora kwirindwa burundu, kuko iyi miti rimwe na rimwe iba ari ingenzi mu buvuzi kugira ngo igukize ubuzima.
Ariko, kumenya ibimenyetso hakiri kare bituma muganga wawe ashobora kugufasha vuba kandi bishobora kugabanya kwangirika kurushaho. Niba ufata imiti izwiho kugira ibyago byo kwangiza imikorere y’umubiri, muganga wawe azagukurikiranira hafi kandi akugire inama ku bimenyetso by’umuburo ugomba kwitondera.
Iyi ndwara imara igihe kingana iki?
Kwangirika kw'imbere mu gutwi bitewe n'uburozi bwo mu maso ntabwo byasubirwaho , bivuze ko ari burundu. Ariko, muganga wawe ashobora guhindura gahunda yawe yo kuvura (aho bishoboka) kugira ngo agire ubuzima bwiza kandi akurinde gukomeza kwiyongera.
Kubera ko iyi miti ikiza ubuzima akenshi idashobora guhagarara, muganga wawe azashyiraho gahunda y'ubuvuzi bw'igihe kirekire ijyanye n'indwara yawe kugira ngo igufashe guhangana n'izi ngorane neza.
Ni gute nakwitaho cyangwa nkakwitaho umwana wanjye?
- Vugana na muganga wawe nta guhisha ingaruka mbi zishobora guterwa n'imiti iyo ari yo yose yandikiwe. Ntugatinye kubaza ibibazo.
- Niba ubonye impinduka mu kumva kwawe, kuringaniza kw'ingingo, cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo kumva nyuma yo gutangira imiti mishya, hamagara muganga wawe ako kanya, uko byaba bisa kose.
- Niba uri umubyeyi cyangwa umurera, reba cyane imyitwarire y'umwana wawe. Kubera ko abana bashobora kugorwa no gusobanura ibimenyetso, reba ibimenyetso nko kugorwa no kwibanda ku bintu, umunaniro uhoraho, cyangwa gucika intege, rimwe na rimwe bishobora guterwa n'ibibazo byo kutumva cyangwa kuringaniza bitaramenyekana. Iyo ushidikanya, shaka igitekerezo cy'umuhanga.
Uburozi bwa ototoxicity butangira vuba gute?
Ibi biratandukanye cyane bitewe n'umuntu ku giti cye. Kuri bamwe, ingaruka mbi zigaragara nyuma gato yo gutangira kuvurwa. Ku bandi, ibimenyetso bishobora kutagaragara nyuma y'amezi cyangwa imyaka myinshi. Kubera ko hari uburyo bwo kuvura butinda, ni ngombwa gukurikiza gahunda y'igihe kirekire ya muganga wawe yo kugenzura ibyiyumvo n'uburyo umubiri uhagaze.
Wibuke ko imiti myinshi ifitanye isano n’uburozi bw’umubiri, nka antibiyotike zimwe na zimwe na chimiotherapie, irakiza ubuzima. Nubwo ifite ibyago ku gutwi imbere, inyungu iboneka mu buvuzi—gukira indwara ikomeye cyangwa kuvura indwara ishobora kurimbura ubuzima—ikunze kuba iruta kure ingaruka mbi.
Niba ufata umuti ushobora kugira ingaruka ku matwi yawe, ganira na muganga wawe ku bimenyetso by'umuburo. Uko impinduka zigaragara vuba, ni ko itsinda ryawe ryita ku buzima rya Nirogi Lanka rishobora kuguha ubufasha n'impinduka ukeneye vuba.
Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)
Muri make, dore ingingo z'ingenzi twafashe mu kiganiro cyacu:
- Uburozi bwo mu matwi buterwa n'imiti imwe n'imwe. Ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka zitaziguye ku matwi yawe no ku buryo wumva uhagaze neza.
- Komeza kuba maso ku bimenyetso by'umuburo nko kurira mu matwi, kubura amatwi, cyangwa kuzungera cyane.
- Nubwo imiti imwe n'imwe ikiza ubuzima ifite iyi ngaruka, inyungu z'ubuvuzi akenshi ziruta kure ingaruka zishobora kubaho. Ariko, kumenya amakuru no gukora ibishoboka byose ni ngombwa.
- Niba wahawe umuti uzwiho kugira uburozi mu mubiri, ganira na muganga wawe ku mpungenge zose kandi urebe neza ko witabiriye isuzuma ryose ryatanzwe.
- Niba ubonye ibimenyetso bishya, nubwo byaba bisa n'ibito, bimenyeshe muganga wawe vuba. Gufata ingamba hakiri kare bishobora gufasha gukumira ko indwara ikomeza kwiyongera.
Kwita ku buzima bwawe ni inshingano zawe, kandi muri Nirogi Lanka, twizeye ko aya makuru azaguha imbaraga zo kubikora!
