Ni gute wategura neza gahunda yo gusura umwana wawe urwaye? Reka turebe!

Nk'umubyeyi, inzozi zawe zikomeye, ibyiringiro byawe bikomeye ni ukubona umwana wawe ameze neza kandi yishimye. Rero, ushobora kuba wibaza niba ukeneye kujya kwa muganga nubwo umwana wawe yaba atarwaye cyangwa ngo ababara. Mu by'ukuri, yego! Ibi ni byo twita "Gusura Umwana Ufite Impinja". Ni nk'umurongo ngenderwaho w'urugendo rwiza rw'umwana wawe.

Gusura abana bafite ubumuga ni iki? Kuki ari ingenzi cyane?

Mu magambo make, gusuzumwa kw'umwana umeze neza ni gusuzumwa kwa muganga umwana wawe akorerwa iyo atarwaye kugira ngo arebe ubuzima bwe muri rusange n'imikurire ye. Ni nko gusuzumwa imodoka rimwe na rimwe. Ni ngombwa kugenzura ko byose bimeze neza mbere yo gutegereza ko ikibazo kivuka.

Tekereza byinshi dushobora kwigira kuri ubu bushakashatsi:

• Ese umwana wawe akura neza?: Muganga wawe cyangwa umubyaza azapima uburebure bw'umwana wawe, ibiro bye, n'umuzenguruko w'umutwe we (ku bana bato) kugira ngo arebe niba akura ku gipimo cyiza ukurikije imyaka ye. Ibi bishobora gufasha kumenya ibibazo nk'imirire mibi hakiri kare.
• Ese intambwe z'iterambere ry'umwana ziba ku gihe? : Reba niba umwana wawe ari kumwenyura, ari kuzunguruka, ari kuzamuka, ari kugenda, kandi avuga mu buryo bujyanye n'imyaka ye. Ibi bizagufasha kumenya ibitinda byose no kubikemura vuba bishoboka.
• Ese inkingo zitangwa ku gihe? : Ni ngombwa cyane ko abana bahabwa inkingo zabo ku gihe kandi neza kugira ngo babarinde indwara zikomeye. Muri ubu bushakashatsi, tunaganira kuri izo nkingo kandi tugatanga izo zigomba kwitabwaho.
• Umwanya wo kubaza ibibazo byawe : Iki ni cyo gihe cyiza cyo gusubiza ibibazo cyangwa impungenge ushobora kuba ufite ku bijyanye n'imirire y'umwana wawe, gusinzira kwe, imyitwarire ye, cyangwa umutekano we. Kuganira na muganga no kugisha inama bizaguha amahoro menshi yo mu mutima.
• Ushobora kumenya ibibazo bito mbere yuko biba binini : Hari ibibazo by'ubuzima bitagaragaza ibimenyetso bikomeye mu ntangiriro. Ariko ibizamini bikozwe mu gihe cyo gusuzuma nk'iki, ibintu nk'ibibazo byo kureba no kumva bishobora kumenyekana hakiri kare kandi ubuvuzi bushobora gutangira.

"Ni ibisanzwe kujya kwa muganga iyo umwana arwaye. Ariko ni byiza cyane gusuzuma ubuzima bw'umwana wawe nubwo atarwaye!"

Imyaka mike ya mbere y'umwana: Igihe cyo kujya kwa muganga kenshi!

Kuva umwana wawe avutse kugeza afite imyaka itatu, uzakenera kujya kwa muganga kenshi. Ibi biterwa nuko umubiri n'ubwonko by'umwana wawe birimo gukura vuba cyane muri iki gihe. Nanone, hari inkingo z'ingenzi cyane zitangwa muri iki gihe.

Ubusanzwe dukurikiza gahunda iri mu gitabo cy’ubuzima bw’umwana (CHDR - Ikinyamakuru cy’Iterambere ry’Ubuzima bw’Umwana). Aya matariki nayo yanditswemo mu buryo burambuye.

• Hagati y'iminsi 3-5 nyuma yo kuvuka: Isuzuma rya mbere nyuma yo gutaha avuye mu bitaro.
• Ukwezi kwa 1 : Kwisuzumisha kwa mbere kwa buri kwezi.
• Amezi 2, 4, 6 : Isuzuma rikorwa muri iki gihe hamwe n'inkingo.
• Amezi 9 : Ikindi gikorwa cy'ingenzi cyo gusuzuma.
• Umwaka (amezi 12) : Kwisuzumisha ku isabukuru y'amavuko ya mbere.
• Amezi 15, amezi 18 (imyaka 1.5) : Ibi nabyo ni ingenzi.
• Imyaka 2 (amezi 24), imyaka 2.5 (amezi 30), imyaka 3 : Muri iki gihe, kandi hitabwaho imikurire y'umwana, ubushobozi bwe bwo kuvuga, n'imyitwarire ye.

Nkuko bigenda mu isuzuma ryose, muganga azapima ibiro by'umwana wawe, uburebure bwe, n'umuzenguruko w'umutwe we. Bazakubaza imirire y'umwana wawe, uburyo aryamamo, n'ibikorwa bye. Bazasuzuma kandi amaso ye, amatwi ye, umutima we, n'ibihaha bye. Ntutinye kuvugana na muganga wawe ku mpungenge ushobora kuba ufite, ndetse n'izo ari zo zose. Urugero, ntutinye kubaza uti: "Muganga, umwana wanjye ntaragenda. Ese icyo ni ikibazo?"

Ibintu ugomba kwitaho mu gihe cyo kwisuzumisha hakiri kare:

• Konsa n'imirire : Niba konsa, tuzavuga niba hari ibiryo byuzuzanya byatangiye, n'uburyo bwo kubitanga.
• Gusinzira : Aganira ku buryo umwana asinzira n'ibibazo byose bishobora kuvuka.
• Umutekano : Itanga inama ku buryo bwo kurinda umutekano w'abana mu rugo no mu gihe bakina.
• Kumera amenyo : Tuganira ku kumererwa nabi kw'amenyo n'uburyo bwo kubungabunga amenyo yawe.

Abana bo mu mashuri y'incuke n'abo mu mashuri yisumbuye: Ese tugomba kujya kwisuzumisha nibura rimwe mu mwaka?

Iyo umwana amaze kugira imyaka 4, akenshi aba agomba kujya kwisuzumisha ubuzima bwe rimwe mu mwaka. Muri iki gihe, umwana ajya mu ishuri ry’incuke, hanyuma agatangira ishuri. Rero, ni igihe ubuzima bwe buzahinduka cyane.

Muri iki gihe, ibintu tureba mu gihe cyo kwisuzumisha biratandukanye gato.

• Gukurikirana buri gihe imikurire : Mu kugenzura ibintu nk'uburebure, ibiro, n'agaciro ka ``(BMI - Body Mass Index)``, tuba twizeza ko imikurire y'umwana igenda neza.
• Kubona no kumva : Ubuzima bw'izi byumviro byombi ni ingenzi cyane ku mikorere myiza mu ishuri. Kubwibyo, ibizamini byihariye bikorwa kuri ibyo.
• Ubushobozi bwo kwiga n'imyitwarire : Uzabazwa ibintu nk'uko umwana wawe yifashe mu ishuri, niba hari impinduka mu myitwarire ye, n'uko yifashe mu nshuti ze.
• Urukingo rw'Inyongera: Hari urukingo rusaba inkingo z'inyongera kugira ngo zibungabunge umutekano warwo. Ibi kandi biraganirwaho muri ibi bipimo.
• Imirire n'imyitozo ngororamubiri : Ganira ku mirire y'umwana n'uko abikora, kandi umugire inama nibiba ngombwa.

Tekereza, rimwe na rimwe umwana ashobora kugira ikibazo cyo kwiga mu ishuri kuko atabona neza ikibaho. Ariko ashobora kutabivuga. Niba ikintu nk'iki kivumbuwe binyuze mu isuzuma, ni izihe ngaruka ku hazaza h'umwana hose?

Ingimbi n'abangavu: Reka twite ku buzima bwabo!

Uku gusuzumwa ubuzima buri mwaka ni ingenzi mu gihe abana bakura bakagera mu bwangavu (hagati y'imyaka 11/12 kugeza 18/21). Muri iki gihe, bahura n'impinduka zikomeye haba ku mibiri yabo no mu bwenge bwabo.

Ibintu byo kwitabwaho by'umwihariko mu gihe cyo gusuzumisha abana b'iki kigero:

• Ubugimbi n'ubwangavu n'ibindi bifitanye isano : Kuganira ku bintu nk'impinduka z'umubiri n'imihango (ku bakobwa) bibafasha gukemura ibibazo byabo n'ibibazo byabo.
• Ubuzima bwo mu mutwe : Ibintu nk'imihangayiko n'ihungabana bishobora kuvuka muri iki gihe. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane kuganira ku buzima bwo mu mutwe bw'umwana wawe.
• Imyitwarire y'ibyago : Kimwe mu bigize ubu bushakashatsi ni ukwigisha umwana ibintu nko kunywa itabi no gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge no kumufasha kubyirinda.
• Ubuzima bw'Imibonano mpuzabitsina n'Uburezi : Itanga amakuru ajyanye n'imyaka y'ubuzima bw'imibonano mpuzabitsina n'uburyo bwizewe.
• Ubuzima Buzira Umuze : Turagushishikariza kugira ingeso nziza mu kuganira ku bintu nk'indyo yuzuye, imyitozo ngororamubiri ihagije, no gusinzira neza.
• Kwitegura ahazaza : Bigishwa gufata inshingano ku buzima bwabo bakiri bato.

Ni byiza kandi guha umwana wawe amahirwe yo kuvugana na muganga wenyine muri iki kigero. Muri ubwo buryo, ashobora kuganira ku bintu bimwe na bimwe bimureba mu bwisanzure.

Ibintu ushobora gukora iyo ugiye kwa muganga

Kugira ngo wungukire neza muri iki kizamini cy’ubuzima bwiza, nawe ushobora kwitegura gato.

• Andika ibibazo byawe : Nundika ibintu ushaka kubaza muganga ku rupapuro mbere y'igihe, nta kintu na kimwe uzibagirwa.
• Fata inyandiko y'ubuzima bw'umwana (CHDR) : Ni ingirakamaro cyane kuri muganga kuko irimo amakuru yose ajyanye n'imikurire y'umwana, inkingo, n'ibindi.
• Vuga ukuri : Ha muganga amakuru y'ukuri ku mirire y'umwana wawe n'imyitwarire ye. Ni bwo gusa bashobora kuguha inama nyazo.
• Jyana umwana wawe mu mwanya we : Niba umwana wawe akuze gato, mubaze ibibazo kandi umureke avuge ibitekerezo bye.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane ugomba kuzirikana (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Gusura umwana wawe mu gihe cy'ubuzima bwiza si ukumusuzumisha kwa muganga gusa. Ni ishoramari ry'agaciro mu gihe kizaza cy'ubuzima bwiza bw'umwana wawe.

• Ntucikwe n'ibi bipimo. Nubwo umwana wawe yaba atarwaye, mujyane ku bipimo ku gihe.
• Uru ni urugendo wowe na muganga muzafatanya. Vugana na muganga ku kintu cyose kiri mu mutima wawe, ubaze ibibazo.
• Uramutse umenye ibibazo hakiri kare, ushobora kwirinda ibibazo bikomeye.

Nta kintu gishimishije nko kubona umwana wawe akura afite ubuzima bwiza, yishimye kandi akomeye. Bityo rero, ibi bizamini by'ubuzima bizamufasha cyane!

"Gusuzuma ubuzima bwiza, Gusura umwana urwaye, Ubuzima bw'umwana, Gukingirwa, Intambwe z'iterambere ry'umwana, Iterambere ry'umwana, Inama ku burezi