Ese umwana wawe yatinze kuvuga? (Imvugo itinze cyangwa iterambere ry'ururimi) Reka tubimenye!

Kimwe n'ubundi bushobozi n'ubuhanga bwose, imyaka abana biga ururimi bagatangira kuvuga ishobora gutandukana bitewe n'umuntu umwe. Hari abana bato bakura amagambo vuba cyane, abandi bagafata igihe kirekire. Ariko, niba ufite ubumenyi buke ku buryo iyi mvugo n'iterambere ry'ururimi bigenda bikura, wowe nk'umubyeyi ushobora gusobanukirwa niba hari ikintu ugomba kwitaho ku mwana wawe, cyangwa niba ibi ari ibisanzwe.

Imvugo n'ururimi ni iki? Itandukaniro riri hagati y'ibyo byombi ni irihe?

Nubwo akenshi dukoresha aya magambo abiri mu buryo bumwe, hari itandukaniro rito hagati yayo yombi. Iyo byumvikane neza, ibi ni ingenzi mu kureba imikurire y'umwana.

Mu magambo make, imvugo ni uburyo dukoresha mu kanwa kacu. Ni ukuvuga uburyo tuvuga amajwi n'amagambo, ni ukuvuga uburyo tuvuga . Tekereza kuri ibi, iyo tuvuga, tuvuga amagambo neza, nka "mama" na "papa" neza. Ibi birimo ibintu nk'uburyo ijwi risobanutse neza, umuvuduko, n'uburyo ijwi rivugika.

Ururimi ni igitekerezo cyagutse cyane. Ni uguhanahana amakuru. Dukoresha ururimi kugira ngo twumve ibitekerezo kandi twumve abandi. Ibi bishobora kubaho mu buryo butandukanye:

• Mu magambo: Uburyo dushyikirana dukoresheje amagambo.
• Ibitari mu magambo: Ibi bivuze ibintu nk'ibimenyetso, isura, n'ibindi.
• Byanditswe: Gusoma no gusobanukirwa ibintu nk'ibitabo n'amabaruwa.

Niba rero ururimi ari uburyo bwo gutanga ibitekerezo, noneho imvugo ni igikorwa cyo kuvuga amagambo ari muri ubwo buryo. Urabyumva?

Ni iki gituma umuntu atinda kuvuga cyangwa kuvuga?

Ibibazo byo kuvuga n'ibibazo by'ururimi ni ibintu bibiri bitandukanye, ariko rimwe na rimwe bishobora kuba hamwe. Niyo mpamvu iyo abana bamwe batinze kuvuga, ari ngombwa gushaka impamvu nyayo. Reka turebe urugero.

Urugero, umwana ufite ikibazo cyo gutinda kuvuga ashobora kuvuga amagambo make neza, ariko ashobora kuba ashobora guhuza amagambo abiri gusa ("umuceri muto," "Ndashaka amazi"). Ashobora kugorwa no kwandika interuro ndende zijyanye n'imyaka ye, kugaragaza ibitekerezo bigoye, cyangwa gusobanukirwa inkuru. Ashobora kandi kuba afite amagambo make.

Ku rundi ruhande, umwana ufite ikibazo cyo gutinda kuvuga ashobora kugerageza kwisobanura akoresheje amagambo n'interuro. Azi icyo ashaka kuvuga, ariko biragoye cyane kumva icyo avuga. Amagambo ashobora gusa n'aho adasobanutse neza, inyuguti zimwe zishobora kudasobanurwa neza, cyangwa se ashobora no kudidama.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'uko umuntu atinda kuvuga cyangwa kuvuga? Twabimenya dute?

Niba ufite umwana utitabira amajwi, cyangwa ntagire amajwi (nk'amajwi arenga, kurira) ndetse no mu gihe akiri muto, ugomba kumujyana kwa muganga vuba. Ni ingenzi cyane.

Ariko akenshi, biragoye ku babyeyi kumva niba umwana wabo yatinze kuvuga cyangwa niba hari ikibazo. Ni byiza kwita kuri iyi mikurire y'umwana kuva akiri muto.

Dore bimwe mu bintu ugomba kwitaho. Ni byiza kuvugana na muganga niba umwana wawe akora kimwe muri ibi:

• Ku mezi 12 (umwaka umwe): Niba badakoresheje ibimenyetso byoroshye byo mu ntoki, nko kwerekana cyangwa gusuhuza "gusezera".
• Ku mezi 18: Niba ugerageza kwigaragaza cyane cyane ukoresheje ibimenyetso aho gukoresha amajwi.
• Ndetse no ku mezi 18: Kugorwa no kwigana amajwi avuzwa n'abandi (urugero: amajwi y'inyamaswa, amajwi y'imodoka).
• Ndetse no ku mezi 18: Kugorwa no kumva ubusabe bworoshye bwo mu magambo (urugero: "Mpa umupira," "Ngwino mwana wanjye").
• Ku myaka 2: Yigana gusa ibyo abandi bavuga cyangwa bakora, ariko ntavuga amagambo cyangwa interuro ze bwite (ako kanya) .
• Ndetse no ku myaka 2: Niba akomeje kuvuga amajwi cyangwa amagambo amwe, ariko akaba atabasha kuvuga ikindi kintu kitari ibyo akeneye byihutirwa (urugero: kurya, kunywa, gusinzira).
• Ku myaka 2: Niba udashobora gukurikiza amabwiriza yoroshye (urugero, "Fata igikinisho").
• Nubwo nyuma y'imyaka 2: Iyo ijwi ridafite ubwiza budasanzwe (urugero, ijwi rituje, nk'igihe ufite ibicurane, cyangwa ijwi ryo hasi cyane).

Nanone, niba wumva ko imvugo y'umwana wawe igoye kumva kurusha uko imeze ku myaka ye, ugomba kubiganiraho na muganga.

Ubusanzwe, ababyeyi n'abarera abana bagomba kuba bashobora kumva hafi 50% by'ibyo umwana w'imyaka 2 avuga.

Ku myaka 3, ugomba gusobanukirwa hafi 75%.

Ku myaka 4, n'umuntu utazi neza uwo mwana agomba kuba ashobora kumva byinshi mu byo umwana avuga.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera gutinda kw'imvugo cyangwa ururimi?

Hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora gutuma umwana atinda kuvuga. Zimwe ni izoroshye, izindi zikaba zisaba kwitabwaho by'umwihariko.

Gutinda kuvuga bishobora guterwa n'impamvu zikurikira:

• Kutamenya neza mu kanwa: Urugero, ibibazo ku rurimi cyangwa mu kanwa (hejuru y'umunwa) .
• Frenulum ngufi: Ibi bishobora gutera umugozi w'ururimi, ari nabyo bishobora gukosorwa no kubagwa byoroshye.

Abana bafite ikibazo cyo gutinda kuvuga bakunze kugira ibibazo byo mu kanwa . Ibi bibaho iyo hari ikibazo ku bice by'ubwonko bishinzwe kuvuga. By'umwihariko, bagira ikibazo cyo guhuza iminwa, ururimi n'umusaya kugira ngo batange amajwi. Abana bafite ibi bibazo bashobora kandi kugira ibindi bibazo byo mu kanwa, nko kurya no kumira.

Ibibazo byo kumva nabyo bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mvugo. Niba umwana adashobora kumva amagambo n'amajwi neza, azabyigana ate, abyumva ate kandi ayakoreshe ate? Kubwibyo, niba hari gushidikanya ku mvugo, ni ngombwa cyane ko umwana wawe apimwa amatwi n'inzobere mu by'amatwi.

Indwara zo mu matwi , cyane cyane indwara zidakira , zishobora kugira ingaruka ku kumva by'agateganyo. Ariko, niba kumva ari ibisanzwe nibura mu gutwi kumwe, akenshi ntibitera ibibazo bikomeye mu mivugire no mu iterambere ry'ururimi.

Byongeye kandi, gutinda kuvuga no kuvuga bishobora no kugaragara mu bihe nk'indwara z'imikurire (urugero: Autism Spectrum Disorder). Nanone, niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wagize ikibazo cyo kuvuga nyuma y'igihe akiri umwana (amateka y'umuryango), bishobora no guterwa n'ibintu bigize imiterere y'umubiri.

Ni gute wasuzuma ikibazo cy'imivugire cyangwa ubutinde bw'ururimi? (Isuzuma)

Niba ubona umwana wawe afite ikibazo nk'iki, ni ngombwa kubonana na muganga w’indwara z’imivugire (SLP) vuba. Hari n’abandi bamwita abaganga b’imivugire . Ushobora gushaka umuganga w’imivugire wenyine, cyangwa ukabaza muganga w’umuryango wawe ko akwerekeza ku bandi.

Uyu muganga w’imivugire azasuzuma witonze ubuhanga bw’umwana wawe mu mivugire no mu ndimi. Azakora ibizamini bitandukanye bihamye kugira ngo amenye niba yarageze ku ntambwe z’ingenzi zo guteza imbere imivugire no mu mikurire y’ururimi zijyanye n’imyaka ye.

Umuganga w’indwara zo mu mutwe areba cyane cyane ibi bintu:

• Umwana wawe yumva iki: Ibi byitwa imvugo yo kwakira . Bisobanura ubushobozi bwo kumva icyo abandi bavuga n'amabwiriza.
• Icyo umwana wawe ashobora kuvuga: Ibi byitwa imvugo isobanura . Ni ubushobozi bwo kugaragaza ibitekerezo bye n'ibyo akeneye mu magambo no mu nteruro.
• Gutera imbere kw'amajwi no gusobanura neza: Niba umwana avuga amajwi atandukanye neza kandi niba amagambo asobanutse neza.
• Imiterere y'imitsi yo mu kanwa k'umwana wawe: Ibi byerekeza ku buryo umunwa, ururimi, akanwa n'iminwa bikora neza kugira ngo bivuge, birye kandi bimire.

Hashingiwe ku bisubizo by'ibi bizamini, umuganga w'imivugire n'indimi ashobora gusaba umwana wawe ko akeneye ubuvuzi bwo kuvuga .

Ni gute ubuvuzi bwo kuvuga bwafasha?

Ubuvuzi bw'imivugire ntabwo ari uguhana umwana wawe cyangwa kumutera ubwoba, ahubwo ni ukwiga binyuze mu mikino. Umuvuzi w'imivugire azakorana n'umwana wawe mu bikorwa, ibikinisho n'amashusho kugira ngo amufashe guteza imbere imvugo ye n'ubuhanga bwe mu rurimi.

Bazakwigisha kandi uburyo bwo gufasha umwana wawe mu rugo. Ibi ni nko gukorera hamwe. Gukurikiza amabwiriza y'umuganga mu rugo bishobora gufasha umwana wawe kwihutisha iterambere rye.

Ababyeyi bashobora kubafasha bate?

Ababyeyi bagira uruhare runini mu gufasha abana bafite ibibazo byo kuvuga cyangwa ururimi. Ni mwe mumarana igihe kinini n'umwana wanyu, kandi ni mwe mwarimu wabo wa mbere. Bityo rero ubufasha bwanyu ni ingenzi.

Dore bimwe mu bintu ushobora gukora mu rugo kugira ngo ushishikarize umwana wawe kuvuga neza:

• Shyira imbere itumanaho: Vugana n'umwana wawe uko bishoboka kose, uririmbe indirimbo, kandi umushishikarize kwigana amajwi n'ibimenyetso (ibimenyetso). Ni ingenzi cyane kumuvugisha mu gihe ukina na we kuva akiri muto, kandi ugasubiza amajwi mato akora. Vuga ibintu nk'ibi, "Oh, mwana wanjye, urimo kunsekera, si byo se?"
• Somera umwana wawe ibitabo: Tangira umwana wawe akiri muto. Hitamo ibitabo byoroshye bikwiranye n'imyaka ye, ibitabo byo ku kibaho , cyangwa ibitabo bifite amashusho manini kandi asobanutse neza, kandi ushishikarize umwana wawe kureba amashusho mu gihe utanga amazina y'ibintu biri mu mashusho. Vuga ibintu byoroshye nka, "Reba uyu mupira," cyangwa "Dore inzovu nini." Uko umwana wawe agenda akura, baza ibibazo ku bintu biri mu gitabo kandi umushishikarize kukubwira inkuru.
• Koresha ibintu bya buri munsi: Teza imbere imvugo n'ururimi by'umwana wawe uganira ku bintu ukora umunsi wose. Urugero, vuga imbuto n'imboga iyo ugiye mu iduka ("Iyi ni inyanya itukura"), sobanura icyo ukora iyo urimo guteka cyangwa gusukura icyumba ("Mama agiye gushyira umuceri ku ziko ubu"), erekana ibintu biri hafi y'inzu hanyuma ubabwire ibyo ari byo. Vuga ibi bintu mu buryo bworoshye, ariko wirinde gukoresha "amagambo y'abana". Ni byiza kuvuga amagambo neza no kuvuga mu nteruro zoroshye kandi zuzuye. Niba umwana wawe avuze ijambo nabi, ntukamunenge, ahubwo umwigishe ijambo rikwiye mu buryo bwuje urukundo.

Wibuke ko ari byiza kumenya no kuvura izi mvururu zo kutavuga no ku rundi rurimi hakiri kare. Niba ufite impungenge ku bijyanye n'imivugire y'umwana wawe cyangwa iterambere ry'ururimi, menya neza ko wagiye kwa muganga. Uko bitinda, ni ko birushaho kugorana gufasha umwana wawe.

Hanyuma, ibintu ugomba kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Rero, ukurikije ibyo twaganiriyeho, biragaragara ko imivugire y'umwana n'imikurire ye y'ururimi ari ikintu gisaba kwitabwaho. Abana bose si bamwe, kandi igipimo cy'imikurire yabo gishobora gutandukana. Ariko niba wumva ko hari igihe cyo gutinda, ntutinye kuvuga uti "Nta kibazo, bizagenda neza ubwabyo."

Igikuru ni ukumenya ko utari wenyine. Hari abahanga mu by'ubuzima, barimo abaganga, abaganga b'imivugire, n'abandi, bashobora kugufasha no kukuyobora. Niba izi ndwara zamenyekanye hakiri kare, hari amahirwe menshi ko umwana azahabwa ubufasha akeneye vuba kandi akazamura ubushobozi bwe mu buryo bwuzuye. Rero, ntutinye, ntugire isoni, kandi niba ufite gushidikanya na gato mu mutwe wawe, shaka inama z'abaganga ako kanya. Bizaba ingirakamaro cyane mu guha umwana wawe ahazaza heza kandi heza!

Gutinda kuvuga, gutinda kuvuga, imvugo y'abana, uburyo bwo kuvura imvugo, inama z'ababyeyi, iterambere ry'umwana, ingorane zo kuvuga