Ese uri umubyeyi ugiye kubyara? Cyangwa uteganya kuba umubyeyi vuba aha? Noneho uyu munsi turaganira ku bipimo byihariye bizagufasha kumenya byinshi ku buzima bwawe n'ubw'umwana wawe ukiri mu nda. Ibi ni byo twita ' ibizamini bya genetiki'. Ibyinshi muri ibi bizamini si itegeko, ariko amakuru batanga ashobora kuba ingirakamaro cyane mu gutegura ahazaza hawe n'umuryango wawe.
Mbere yo gutwita: Gusuzuma Genetic Carrier
Mu magambo make, reka tubanze turebe uwo ari we 'ufite icyo atwara'. Tekereza ko ufite gene y'indwara runaka mu ngirabuzimafatizo zawe, ariko wowe udafite iyo ndwara. Hanyuma witwa 'ufite icyo atwara'. Rero, iki kizamini gishobora kukubwira niba wowe n'umukunzi wawe mufite gene y'indwara runaka, kandi niba ari uko bimeze, ni iki gishobora gutuma umwana wawe arwara iyo gene?
Nubwo iki kizamini gishobora gukorwa mbere cyangwa mu gihe cyo gutwita, ni ingirakamaro cyane kugikora mbere yo gutwita. Muganga wawe azagufatira ikizamini cy'amaraso cyangwa amacandwe kugira ngo akore iki kizamini. Hari indwara nyinshi z'ingenzi zikunze gusuzumwa muri iki kizamini.
| Indwara z'ingenzi za genetike zapimwe |
|---|
| Indwara ya cystic fibrosis |
| Indwara ya Fragile X |
| Indwara y'uturemangingo tw'umusemburo |
| Indwara ya Tay-Sachs |
| Kunanirwa kw'imitsi yo mu rutirigongo |
Abantu bo mu moko amwe n'amwe bashobora kwanduza indwara zimwe na zimwe. Urugero, abantu bakomoka muri Afurika, Mediterane na Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'uburasirazuba bashobora kwanduza indwara ya sickle cell. Rero, ni ngombwa kumenya amateka y'umuryango wawe.Ushobora kuvugana na muganga wawe ukagena niba ukeneye ubwoko bw'ikizamini.
Ibizamini mu gihembwe cya mbere (mu mezi 3) nyuma yo gutwita
Iyo utwite, hari ibizamini byinshi bishobora kugufasha kumenya ingaruka z'ubuzima bw'umwana wawe. Ibi byitwa ibizamini byo gusuzuma . Bireba gusa niba uri mu kaga ko kurwara indwara runaka.
- Gupima ADN y'umwana ukiri mu nda nta turemangingo: Igitangaje ni uko amaraso yawe arimo ADN nke y'umwana wawe. Rero, mu byumweru 10 utwite, amaraso yakuwemo ashobora gukoreshwa mu gupima ADN y'umwana wawe kugira ngo harebwe niba uri mu kaga ko kurwara indwara zimwe na zimwe (urugero: Down syndrome, trisomy 18, trisomy 13).
- Gupima mu buryo bukurikiranye no gusuzuma mu buryo buhuriweho: Ubu buryo bwombi buhuza gupima mu buryo bwa ultrasound no gupima amaraso kugira ngo harebwe Down syndrome, trisomy 18, n'ibindi bibazo bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bwonko bw'umwana no ku ruti rw'umugongo. Ibi bizamini bitangira hagati y'ibyumweru 10 na 13 .
Icy'ingenzi ni uko ibi ari ibizamini byo gusuzuma gusa. Iyo bigaragaza ko hari ikibazo gishobora kuba kirimo, muganga wawe azakugira inama yo kubyemeza.
Ibizamini byakozwe mu gihembwe cya kabiri (hagati y'amezi 3-6)
Hari ibizamini byinshi by'ingenzi muri iki gihe cyo gutwita.
- Gupima amaraso y'umubyeyi: Iki ni ikizamini cy'amaraso. Gipima ubwoko butandukanye bwa poroteyine mu maraso yawe kugira ngo harebwe niba umwana wawe afite ibyago byo kurwara Down syndrome , trisomy 18, cyangwa ibibazo byo mu bwonko no mu mugongo. Ibi bishobora gukorwa hagati y'ibyumweru 15 na 21 .
- Gupima mu buryo bwimbitse ultrasound scan (Anomaly Scan): Iyi scan, ikorwa mu byumweru 20, ishobora kuba izwi n'abantu benshi. Ikoresha amajwi kugira ngo isuzume ingingo z'umwana. Ishobora kumenya inenge zo kuvuka nko kurwara umutima, impyiko, n'indwara zo mu kanwa.
Ibizamini byo gusuzuma: Amniocentesis na CVS
Iyo ikizamini cyo gupima umwana kigaragaje ko afite ibyago, ibi ni byo bizamini bikorerwa kugira ngo byemezwe 100% . Ibi ni ukuri kuruta ibizamini byo gupima. Ibi byitwa ibizamini byo gusuzuma.
Ibi bizamini byombi bifite ukuri ku kigero kirenze 99%.
Ibi bizamini bishobora kumenya neza indwara za genetiki nka Down syndrome. Ariko si buri wese ukora ibi bizamini. Kuko, nubwo ari bito cyane, hari ibyago byo gukuramo inda muri ibi bizamini. Kubwibyo, muganga abivuga gusa iyo ikizamini cyo gusuzuma kigaragaza ibyago, cyangwa niba ushaka gukora ikizamini nyacyo.
| Ikizamini | Uburyo bwo kubikora n'igihe |
|---|---|
| Gupima Viliyoni (CVS) | Agace gato cyane k'urugingo gakurwa mu nyababyeyi. Ibi bikorwa hagati y'ibyumweru 10 na 13 . |
| Amniocentesis | Agace gato k'amazi yo mu nda gakurwa mu nda yawe hakoreshejwe urushinge ruto. Ibi ni byiza cyane mu gihe kiri hagati y'ibyumweru 15 na 20 . |
Niba muganga wawe akubwira iby’ubu bwoko bw’ikizamini, ntabwo bivuze ko hari ikibazo ku mwana wawe. Bivuze gusa ko agomba kwemeza ibisubizo by’ikizamini cyabanje. Rero, ganira na muganga wawe witonze kuri ibyo, usobanukirwe ibyiza n’ibibi, hanyuma ufate icyemezo kikubereye .
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Ibyinshi muri ibi bizamini bya gene ni amahitamo, ntabwo ari itegeko, ni ibizamini ushobora guhitamo.
- Ibizamini byo gusuzuma (urugero: ADN idafite uturemangingo, Quad screen) bigaragaza gusa ibyago byo kurwara, mu gihe ibipimo byo gusuzuma (urugero: Amniocentesis, CVS) byemeza burundu indwara.
- Niba ibisubizo by'ibizamini byo gupimwa bifite akaga, ntabwo bivuze ko umwana wawe afite ikibazo rwose. Ni impamvu yo gushaka ibindi bipimo.
- Buri kizamini gifite ibyiza, ibibi n'ingaruka byihariye. Ni ngombwa kubiganiraho na muganga wawe ku mugaragaro no gufata icyemezo gishingiye ku makuru arambuye.
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