Ese wigeze ubona utudomo duto tw'umukara, udupira tw'imigozi, cyangwa insinga z'ibitagangurirwa zireremba imbere y'amaso yawe igihe wari usinziriye? Cyangwa ubona inkuba nk'aho umuntu yashyize urumuri rwa kamera? Nubwo abantu benshi batekereza ko ibi ari ibintu bisanzwe, rimwe na rimwe bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cya mbere cy'indwara ikomeye cyane y'amaso. Uyu munsi turimo kuvuga ku ndwara ikomeye cyane, ariko idatera ububabare. Iyo ni ugucika kw'amaso, cyangwa mu buryo bw'ubuvuzi, gucika kw'amaso .
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Mu magambo make, gutandukana kw'ijisho ry'umurabyo (retinal detachment) ni iki?
Tekereza ijisho ryacu nk'icyuma gifata amashusho. Rero, retina ni urugingo rworoshye cyane nk'urumuri ruri inyuma ya kamera. Iyo urumuri rw'ibintu tubona ruguye kuri retina, ruhindura ibyo bimenyetso by'urumuri mo ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi bikabyohereza mu bwonko. Icyo gihe ni bwo tubona ishusho. Retina ibona ibiyitunga na ogisijeni mu ngingo ziri munsi yayo.
Gucika kw'ijisho ni igihe retina yitandukanya n'ingingo iri munsi yayo iha intungamubiri . Ni nk'urukuta rukura ku rukuta. Iyo ibi bibaye, amaraso atakaza. Iyi ni indwara idababaza, ariko ikomeye cyane . Iyo idavuwe vuba, uturemangingo tw'ijisho dushobora gupfa bigatuma umuntu atabona neza .
Niba rero ugize uduce twinshi two kureremba mu buryo butunguranye, ukabona urumuri rwinshi, cyangwa ukumva umwenda w'umukara ugwa uvuye ku ruhande rw'ijisho ryawe, ntubyirengagize, nubwo nta bubabare burimo . Shaka muganga wawe ako kanya. Cyangwa ujye mu ishami rishinzwe ubutabazi bw'ibanze (ETU) ry'ibitaro biri hafi yawe.
Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bw'ihungabana ry'ijisho ry'umura (retinal detachment)?
Hari ubwoko butatu bw'ingenzi bw'iyi ndwara, bitewe n'uko ibaho. Reka turebere hamwe ibyo ari byo.
| Ubwoko bwo gutoroka | Uko bibaho n'impamvu |
|---|---|
| Ubwoko bw'imitsi | Ubu ni bwo bwoko bukunze kugaragara cyane. Uko tugenda dusaza, ikintu kimeze nk'ijeli kiri mu jisho (vitreous humor) kigenda kigabanuka buhoro buhoro. Iyo ibi bibaye, kiva kuri retina, bigatuma habaho gucika gato cyangwa umwobo. Binyuze muri ubu gucika, jeli iraterana munsi ya retina, ikayisunika ikayikuramo. |
| Ubwoko bw'imitsi | Ibi biterwa n'inkovu zigaragara ku buso bwa retina, bigatuma igenda yikura. Abantu barwaye diyabete baba bafite ibyago byinshi. Iyo isukari mu maraso ikomeje kuba nyinshi kandi idacunzwe igihe kirekire, imiyoboro y'amaraso yoroshye iri mu jisho irangirika kandi inkovu zigatangira. Iyi nkovu ishobora kwikuramo bigatuma retina yikuramo. |
| Ubwoko bwa exudative | Muri ubu bwoko, nta gucika cyangwa umwobo muri retina. Ariko, amazi yirundanya munsi ya retina. Ibi bishobora guterwa n'indwara zimwe na zimwe zandura mu jisho (nk'indwara ya uveitis), imvune zo mu maso, cyangwa kanseri zimwe na zimwe, zituma amazi ava mu mitsi y'amaraso. |
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Check Availability →Ni ibihe bimenyetso bishobora kuba ari ibi?
Ibimenyetso bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'ingano y'inyuma y'ijisho. Iyo hari igice gito cy'inyuma, nta bimenyetso na bike bihari. Ariko, mu bihe byinshi, ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragara mu buryo butunguranye.
- Photopsia: Umucyo utunguranye kandi uhumye mu jisho.
- Kubona ibintu byinshi birebire: Guhita ubona ibintu byinshi nk'uduheri tw'umukara, insinga z'ibitagangurirwa, cyangwa udupira tw'imigozi tureremba imbere y'amaso yawe. (Ni ibisanzwe kubona kimwe cyangwa bibiri rimwe na rimwe, ariko niba ubibonye byinshi icyarimwe, ni ikimenyetso cy'umuburo.)
- Kubura icyerekezo mu jisho rimwe: Kumva udafite icyerekezo mu jisho rimwe.
- Umwenda w'umukara ugwa imbere y'amaso: Kumva nk'aho umwenda w'umukara ugwa imbere y'amaso.
Niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, ntukirengagize. Bishobora kuba ari ikibazo cyihutirwa gishobora kugira ingaruka ku kureba kwawe.
Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kwandura iyi ndwara?
Nubwo umuntu wese ashobora kurwara iyi ndwara, hari abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kuyirwara.
- Gusaza: Abantu barengeje imyaka 50 bari mu kaga gakomeye.
- Ibikomere byo mu maso: Impanuka nko gukubitwa bikomeye mu jisho.
- Amateka y'umuryango:Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wigeze kugira iyi ndwara mbere.
- Kuba narigeze kubagwa amaso mbere: urugero, nyuma yo kubagwa isura y'amaso.
- Myopia yo mu kirere: Ku bafite ikibazo gikomeye cyane cyo "kubona hafi ariko atari kure".
- Izindi ndwara z'amaso: Abantu bafite diyabete retinopathy cyangwa indwara ya lattice degeneration.
- Niba retina yari yaracitsemo kabiri mu jisho rimwe: Ibi bibaye, irindi jisho na ryo riba riri mu kaga.
Niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bintu bishobora gutera indwara, ni ngombwa cyane ko muganga w’amaso asuzuma amaso yawe buri gihe.
Ubibona ute, Muganga?
Iyo ugiye kwa muganga, azagusuzuma neza. Ibi bikorwa ahanini binyuze mu kwagura imboni y'ijisho (isuzuma ry'ijisho ryagutse) .
Ikiba muri ibi ni uko ibitonyanga by'amaso bishyirwa mu jisho ryawe. Mu minota mike, ijisho ryawe ry'umukara rizakura. Hanyuma, muganga ashobora gukoresha igikoresho cyihariye kugira ngo abone neza retina iri mu jisho ryawe. Ibi bishobora kugufasha kureba niba hari amarira, imyobo, cyangwa ibice muri retina.
Byongeye kandi, hari ibindi bizamini byinshi bishobora gukorwa bibaye ngombwa.
- Isuzuma rya Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Ibi bishobora gufata ishusho ya 3D y'igice cya retina.
- Gupima Ijisho ) mu Gishushanyo cya Ultrasound: Iyo retina itagaragara neza bitewe n'ikintu nk'iva amaraso mu jisho, ultrasound ishobora gukoreshwa mu kureba imbere mu jisho.
- CT scan: Iyi ikoreshwa mu kumenya byinshi ku bijyanye n'igikomere cyo mu jisho.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura ibi?
Gucika kw'ijisho ni indwara ishobora kuvurwa gusa no kubagwa . Uburyo bwo kuvura buterwa n'ubwoko bw'icika ry'ijisho, ingano yaryo, n'ibindi bintu.
Niba ari ugucika k'umurabyo gusa:
Iyo usanze hari agace gato mbere yuko gasanwa, ushobora kugashyiramo kole nk'aho uri "gusudira" mbere yuko gakura.
- Uburyo bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe laser: Imirasire ya laser ikoreshwa mu gutwika utuntu duto duto dukikije utwo duce, kandi inkovu ikomokaho ifunga utwo duce.
- Cryopexy: Ubukonje bukabije bukoreshwa mu gutera inkovu ku gice cy'inyuma no kugifunga.
Niba retina yatandukanye:
Iyo habayeho gutabara, hashobora kuba ngombwa ko habaho kubagwa kumwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bikurikira.
| Uburyo bwo kubaga | Ibisobanuro byoroshye |
|---|---|
| Retinopexy y'imitsi | Muri ibi, muganga atera agace k'umwuka mu jisho. Agace k'umwuka gasubiza retina mu rukuta rw'ijisho. Nyuma yo kubagwa, ugomba kugumana umutwe wawe mu mwanya wihariye mu gihe cy'iminsi mike kugira ngo agace k'umwuka gashobore kujya ahantu heza kandi gagume mu mwanya wako. |
| Igipfunyika cya Scleral | Muri ibi, agakoresho kameze nk'umukandara wa silicone (buckle) gashyirwa inyuma y'ijisho hanyuma kagakomezwa buhoro buhoro. Ibi bisunika urukuta rw'ijisho imbere, bigatuma retina yakuwemo yongera gukora ku rukuta no kurufata. Uyu mukandara ukunze kuguma hafi y'ijisho ubuzima bwose, ariko ntugaragara inyuma. |
| Kubaga Vitrectomy | Ubu ni uburyo bwo kubaga bugoye. Muri ubu buryo, gel iri mu jisho (vitreous) irakurwaho burundu. Hanyuma, amarira yo muri retina asanwa hakoreshejwe laser, maze umwanya aho gel yari isanzwe uhuzwa n'agace k'umwuka, umwuka, cyangwa amavuta ya silikoni . Aka gace k'umuhondo gakoreshwa mu gufata retina mu mwanya wayo kugeza igihe yongeye gufata. |
Icy'ingenzi: Niba ufite agahu ka gaze mu jisho ryawe, ntugomba kugenda mu ndege cyangwa mu misozi miremire kugeza igihe kashongeye burundu. Ibi biterwa nuko umuvuduko w'umwuka uhinduka mu misozi miremire ushobora gutuma agahu kaguka kakangiza ijisho. Muganga wawe azakubwira igihe ushobora kongera kubikora.
Ni iki ushobora kwitega nyuma yo kubagwa?
Hashobora kubaho ububabare mu jisho mu byumweru bike nyuma yo kubagwa. Muganga azaguha imiti igabanya ububabare kuri ibyo. Uzakenera kandi kwirinda akazi gakomeye, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, no gutwara imodoka mu byumweru bike.
- Ugomba kwambara agatambaro mu maso igihe cyose muganga wawe akubwira.
- Igihagararo cy'umutwe:Cyane cyane iyo ushyizemo agace k'umwuka, kugira ngo gakore neza, ni ngombwa kugumisha umutwe wawe mu mwanya runaka mu gihe cyagenwe na muganga.
- Ibitonyanga by'amaso: Ibitonyanga by'amaso bigomba gusigwa mu gihe gikwiye kugira ngo bifashe ijisho gukira vuba no kwirinda indwara.
- Kureba: Kureba bitangira kugenda neza buhoro buhoro nyuma y'ibyumweru 4-6 nyuma yo kubagwa. Ariko, bishobora gufata amezi menshi kugira ngo kureba neza kugaruke. Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, kureba gushobora kudasubira burundu.
Itondere izi ndwara nyuma yo kubagwa
Nubwo kubagwa byagenze neza, hari ubwo bishobora guteza ingorane. Niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso bikurikira, menyesha muganga wawe ako kanya cyangwa ujye kwa muganga wita ku barwayi barembye (ETU) bo mu bitaro.
- Iyo bikomeye, ububabare butunguranye buraba.
- Niba ugaragaje ibimenyetso by'ubwandu, nko kubyimba amaso no kugira umuriro.
- Iyo hari ikintu kidasanzwe gisohoka mu jisho.
- Niba icyerekezo cyawe kirushaho kuba kibi mu buryo butunguranye .
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Ubwiyongere butunguranye bw'amazi yo mu kirere, kubona urumuri, cyangwa kumva nk'aho umwenda w'umukara ugwa imbere y'amaso ni ibimenyetso by'umuburo .
- Gucika kw'ijisho ni indwara ikomeye cyane ishobora gutera ububabare bwo kutabona burundu, nubwo nta bubabare .
- Niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, ntugategereze gusa. Shaka umuganga w'amaso ako kanya cyangwa ujye mu ishami rishinzwe ubutabazi bw'ibanze (ETU) ry'ibitaro biri hafi yawe.
- Iyo bivuwe vuba, amahirwe yo kongera kubona binyuze mu kubagwa aba menshi cyane.
- Niba ufite ibintu bishobora gutera indwara nka diyabete cyangwa kutareba neza, ni ngombwa cyane ko muganga w’amaso asuzuma amaso yawe nibura rimwe mu mwaka .
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