Ese umwana wawe yavutse igihe kitageze? Noneho reka twige kuri iyi ndwara y'amaso (Retinopathy of Prematurity - ROP)!

Ese umwana wawe yavutse imburagihe? Cyangwa afite ibiro bike? Bene abo bana rimwe na rimwe bashobora kugira ibibazo byoroheje by'ubuzima. Kimwe muri byo ni indwara yitwa Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP), ikaba ari ikibazo cy'amaso. Ntugatinye iyo wumvise iri zina. Reka tubiganireho mu buryo bworoshye, mu buryo ushobora kumva.

Ni iki kibazo cy'amaso kiba ku bana bavutse mbere y'igihe (Retinopathy of Prematurity - ROP)?

Mu magambo make, ROP ni indwara igira ingaruka ku maso y'abana bamwe bavutse mbere y'ibyumweru 31 (igihe kitageze). Ikibaho muri ibi ni uko imitsi idasanzwe y'amaraso ikora mu gice cy'ijisho ry'umwana cyitwa retina . Tekereza nk'ishusho iri muri kamera. Iyo urumuri rugeze mu jisho, ruhinduka ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi maze rukoherezwa mu bwonko n'iyi retina. Ubwonko bukoresha ibyo bimenyetso kugira ngo budukorere amashusho. Rero, kugira ngo iyi retina ikomeze kuba nziza ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo umwana abone isi neza.

Iyi mitsi mishya idasanzwe ikora muri ROP akenshi ntabwo ari mbi. Ntabwo isaba ubuvuzi bwihariye, ahubwo irakurikiranwa n'abaganga gusa. Abana bagera kuri 90% bafite ROP barakira batavuwe kandi bagasubira kubona neza. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe iyi ndwara ishobora gukomera cyane ikabangamira umwana. Muri ibyo bihe, ni ngombwa kuvurwa vuba kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika burundu kw'ijisho no kutabona neza. Iyo itavuwe, indwara zikomeye za ROP zishobora no gutuma umuntu ahuma.

Niyo mpamvu abaganga basaba ko abana bari mu kaga bapimwa ROP bakimara kuvuka. Ibi bizamini bishobora gufasha kumenya niba umwana afite ibimenyetso bya ROP ndetse niba akeneye kuvurwa.

Muganga w'umwana wawe azakubwira niba umwana wawe afite ibyago byo kwandura indwara ya ROP n'igihe cyo kuzana umwana wawe ngo apimwe. Kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago bikomeye byo kwangirika k'amaso y'umwana wawe, ni ngombwa gukurikiza gahunda yo gupimwa muganga aguha neza.

ROP ikunze kugaragara gute?

Iyo turebye imibare yo mu gihugu nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, abana bagera ku 14.000 kugeza ku 16.000 barwara ROP buri mwaka. Muri bo, hafi 90% bafite ROP yoroheje cyane. Ni ukuvuga ko badakeneye kuvurwa. Ariko, hagati ya 1.100 na 1.500 barwara ROP ikomeye isaba kuvurwa. Ingaruka zabyo ni uko abana bari hagati ya 400 na 600 bahinduka impumyi buri mwaka. Nubwo imibare nyayo mu gihugu cyacu ishobora gutandukana, iki ni ikibazo gikeneye kwitabwaho.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'umwana ufite ROP?

Akenshi, ushobora kutamenya ikimenyetso nk'icyo gikomeye urebye umwana wawe gusa. Umuganga w'amaso ni we muntu wenyine ushobora gusuzuma neza indwara ya ROP asuzuma amaso y'umwana wawe neza (cyane cyane uburyo imiyoboro y'amaraso yo muri retina iteye).

Kuki iyi ROP iba?

Impamvu nyamukuru ya ROP ni ukubangamira uburyo busanzwe bwo gukora imitsi y'amaraso muri retina y'umwana.

Tekereza kuri ibi, imiyoboro y'amaraso iri muri retina y'ijisho itangira gukora buhoro buhoro umwana akiri mu nda. Iyi miyoboro ntirema neza kugeza igihe umwana avukiye. Bityo, imiyoboro y'amaraso iri muri retina y'abana bavutse igihe kitageze ntabwo iba yuzuye. Iyi miyoboro y'amaraso ikomeza gukora nyuma yo kuvuka, ariko rimwe na rimwe ishobora gukora mu buryo budasanzwe.

Nubwo bidashoboka kuvuga neza abana bazarwara ROP, abashakashatsi basanze hari ibintu byongera ibyago byo kurwara ROP.

Ni ibihe bintu bishobora gutera ROP?

Hari ibintu byinshi bishobora gutera iyi ndwara:

• Kubyara igihe kitageze: Uko umwana avuka kare, niko ibyago byo kurwara indwara ya ROP byiyongera.
• Ivuka rifite uburemere bwa garama 1.500 (hafi kilogarama 1.5, cyangwa ibiro 3.3) cyangwa munsi yabyo.
• Indwara yo guhumeka: Kugorwa no guhumeka nyuma yo kuvuka.
• Kuva amaraso mu bwonko (kuva amaraso mu bwonko).
• Indwara zitandukanye cyangwa izindi ngorane z'ubuvuzi.

Niba umwana wawe afite kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bintu bishobora gutera ibyago, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo kwipimisha amaso kugira ngo arebe ibimenyetso bya ROP umwana wawe akivuka.

Ni izihe ngorane ziterwa n'iyi ndwara?

Iyo indwara zikomeye za ROP zitavuwe, indwara yitwa retinal detachment ishobora kubaho. Aha niho retinal y'umwana itandukana n'ingingo ziyikikije. Retinal detachment ishobora gutera ubuhumyi bukomeye cyangwa guta ubwenge. Iyi ni yo ngaruka mbi cyane za ROP.

Ni gute wasuzuma neza ROP?

Abaganga b'abana bato mu bigo byita ku bana bavutse bakunze kumenya abana bashobora kwandura indwara ya ROP. Hanyuma bohereza umwana kwa muganga w'amaso kugira ngo akorerwe isuzuma ryinshi.

Muri iki kizamini (cyanone cyitwa "gupima"), umuganga w'amaso akoresha ibitonyanga by'amaso kugira ngo yongere umwijima w'ijisho ry'umwana kandi arebe ibimenyetso bya ROP. Amafoto ya digitale ya retina y'umwana ashobora no gufatwa. Iki kizamini cya mbere gikunze gukorwa hagati y'ibyumweru bine na bitandatu nyuma yo kuvuka.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gupima abana barwaye indwara ya ROP bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'igihugu. Mu bihugu nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, abana bakunze gupimwa ibi bikurikira:

• Abana bafite inda y'ibyumweru 30 cyangwa munsi yayo.
• Abana bavutse bafite ibiro bingana na garama 1.500 (ibiro 3.3) cyangwa munsi yabyo.
• Abana bafite imyaka myinshi yo gutwita cyangwa ibiro byo kuvuka, ariko hari n'ibindi bintu bishobora gutera ROP.

Umwana wawe ashobora gukenera ibizamini by'inyongera buri cyumweru kimwe cyangwa bitatu, cyangwa nk'uko byagenwe na muganga wawe. Umuganga w'amaso w'umwana wawe azakubwira ko ibi bizamini bitagikenewe iyo imitsi y'amaraso iri muri retina y'umwana wawe imaze gukura neza kandi ibyago byo gucika kw'ijisho bikaba byarangiye.

Iyo umuganga w’amaso asanze umwana afite ROP, azashyira iyo ndwara mu byiciro hakurikijwe uburemere bwayo.

Ni ibihe byiciro bya ROP?

Kugira ngo bamenye ubukana bwa ROP n'uko ubuvuzi bukenewe, abaganga b'amaso bayishyira mu byiciro bitanu. Icyiciro cya mbere ni cyo cyoroheje cyane, naho icya gatanu ni cyo gikomeye cyane.

• Icyiciro cya 1 n'icya 2: Gukira byoroheje kugeza ku biri hagati. Ibi bikunze koroha hatabayeho kuvurwa.
• Icyiciro cya 3: Indwara ya ROP ishobora gukenera kuvurwa kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika cyangwa gucika kwa retina.
• Icyiciro cya 4: Gusubira inyuma bikomeye. Igice kimwe cya retina gishobora kuba cyaracitse. Ni ngombwa kuvurwa vuba.
• Icyiciro cya 5: Ubwoko bukabije bwa ROP. Retina ishobora kuba yaracitse burundu. Kuvurwa vuba ni ngombwa. Nubwo wavurwa, gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba cyangwa guhuma bishobora kubaho.

Uretse izi ntambwe, ushobora kumva andi magambo abiri:

• Aggressive ROP (Aggressive retinopathy of prematurity): Ubu ni ubwoko bwa ROP burushaho gukomera vuba cyane.
• Ikindi kandi: Ubu ni ubwoko bukomeye bwa ROP. Aha, imiyoboro y'amaraso muri retina iravunguka kandi irahindagurika.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura ROP?

Hari uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura ROP:

• Ubuvuzi bwa laser: Ubu buvuzi bukubiyemo kuyobora urumuri rwa laser ku nkengero z'inyuma za retina y'umwana, bigatuma habaho ubushye buto. Ubu bushyuhe buhagarika imiyoboro y'amaraso idasanzwe. Ubuvuzi bwa laser bugira ingaruka nziza ku kigero cya 90% mu kuvura ROP.
• Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara ya VEGF: Ibi bikubiyemo gutera umuti mu jisho ry'umwana. Uyu muti uhagarika gukura kw'imitsi itera amaraso idakora neza.

Umuganga w'amaso w'umwana wawe azagusobanurira ibyiza n'ibibi by'ubu buryo bwo kuvura, hamwe n'uburyo bwo kuvura umwana wawe bukwiriye.

Wihangayika, abaganga bahora bagerageza gukora icyagirira akamaro umwana.

Niba retina y'umwana wawe yacitse intege (ni ukuvuga niba ROP iri mu cyiciro cya 4 cyangwa 5), ​​umwana wawe azakenera ubundi buvuzi. Ibi bikunze gukorwa n'inzobere mu by'impyiko za retina. Urugero, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo kubagwa byitwa vitrectomy .

ROP ivurwa ryari?

Niba umwana wawe afite ibyago byo kurwara indwara yo mu mitsi yo mu maso, cyangwa niba yamaze kurwara indwara yo mu maso, azakenera kuvurwa. Umuganga w'amaso w'umwana wawe ni we uzagena igihe cyiza cyo kuvurwa hashingiwe ku cyiciro cya ROP n'amakuru aturuka mu bizamini.

Ese ROP ishobora kwirindwa?

ROP iterwa ahanini no kubyara umwana utageze igihe. Kubwibyo, intambwe iyo ari yo yose ushobora gufata kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kubyara umwana utageze igihe izafasha no kugabanya amahirwe yo kubyara umwana utageze igihe. Ni ngombwa cyane gushaka inama za muganga mu gihe utwite no gukurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe.

Ariko, ugomba no kubyibuka. Hari igihe, nubwo wakora ibishoboka byose, ushobora kudashobora gukumira kubyara imburagihe. Niba ibyo bibaye, ntukiyicire urubanza. Kubera ubuvuzi n'ikoranabuhanga bigezweho muri iki gihe, ndetse n'abana bavutse imburagihe bashobora kubaho ubuzima bwiza kandi bushimishije.

Ese ROP igiye kugenda?

Akenshi, ROP igenda ikira ubwayo idatera ikibazo cy’ijisho ry’umwana cyangwa kureba neza. Ariko, indwara zikomeye za ROP zisaba kuvurwa kugira ngo hirindwe ingorane nko gucika kw’ijisho no kutabona neza.

Vugana n'umuganga w'amaso w'umwana wawe ku bwoko bw'ubuvuzi umwana wawe azakenera n'uburyo ROP izagira ingaruka ku kureba kwe mu gihe kizaza.

Ni gute nakwita ku mwana wanjye?

Ikintu cy'ingenzi ushobora gukora ni ukujyana umwana wawe mu isuzuma ryose ryasabwe na muganga w'amaso y'umwana wawe. Ibi bizamini ni ingenzi kugira ngo hamenyekane indwara ya ROP hakiri kare kandi hatangwe ubuvuzi kugira ngo bigabanye ibyago byo kwangirika burundu mu maso.

Abana bavuwe indwara ya ROP bazakenera gusurwa nyuma y’ubuzima bwabo bwose. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane cyane mu bwana bwabo. Muri ubu buryo, umuganga w’amaso w’umwana azasuzuma ibimenyetso by’imitsi y’amaraso idasanzwe, ndetse n’imyaka myinshi nyuma yo kuvurwa neza.

Abana bavutse igihe kitageze kandi badafite ROP baracyakeneye gupimwa amaso buri gihe. Ibi biterwa nuko baba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara zimwe na zimwe z'amaso. Urugero:

• Amblyopia cyangwa ijisho ry'ubunebwe
• Strabismus cyangwa amaso yashyizwe ku ruhande
• Glaucoma

Baza umuganga w'amaso w'umwana wawe inshuro umwana wawe agomba gupimwa amaso, kandi ukurikize iyo gahunda neza.

Ni ibihe bibazo ugomba kubaza muganga wawe?

Kugira ngo umenye byinshi kuri ROP, ushobora kubaza abaganga b'amaso b'umwana wawe ibibazo nk'ibi:

• Ese umwana wanjye ashobora kugira ibyago byo kurwara indwara ya ROP?
• Umwana wanjye agomba gupimwa ROP kangahe?
• Ni ryari umwana wanjye ashobora gukenera kuvurwa?
• Ni ubuhe buryo bwiza bwo kuvura?
• Ni izihe nyungu n'ibibi by'ubuvuzi?
• Ni ibihe bipimo umwana wanjye azakenera nyuma yo kuvurwa?
• Umwana wanjye abona iki?

Kumenya ko umwana wawe afite ikibazo cy'amaso bishobora gutera ubwoba n'ubwoba. Kumenya ko umwana wawe afite ikibazo cyo kurwara indwara ya ROP bishobora gutera imihangayiko, kandi bishobora gutera imihangayiko ikabije iyo umwana wawe afite ibindi bibazo by'ubuzima. Wibuke ko itsinda ry'abaganga b'umwana wawe rihari kugira ngo rigufashe muri buri ntambwe. Andika ibibazo byawe kandi ubizane kuri buri gahunda. Shaka amakuru yose ukeneye kugira ngo ushyigikire ubuzima bw'umwana wawe muri aya mezi make ya mbere n'akurikiraho.

Muri make, ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo:

Sawa, reka dusubiremo ingingo z'ingenzi cyane mu byo twavuzeho:

• ROP ni indwara ikunze kwibasira amaso y'abana bavutse mbere y'igihe.
• Abana benshi bafite ikibazo cyo kubura amaraso mu buryo bworoheje kandi bakira batavuwe.
• Ariko, mu bihe bimwe na bimwe bikomeye, gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba bishobora kubaho, bityo rero kubimenya hakiri kare no kubivura ni ngombwa.
• Ntuzigere wibagirwa gupimwa na muganga (ROP). Ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kurinda umwana wawe amaso.
• Ni ngombwa cyane ko abana bose bavutse igihe kitageze bakorerwa isuzuma ry’amaso buri gihe , baba bafite uburwayi bwa ROP cyangwa batabufite.
• Niba ufite ikibazo cyangwa gushidikanya, ntutinye kuvugana na muganga w'umwana wawe.

Twese twifurije umwana wawe ejo hazaza hazima kandi heza!

` retinopathy y'abana batagejeje igihe, ROP, abana bavutse igihe kitageze, ibibazo by'amaso, kutabona neza, kwita ku bana bavutse, abaganga b'amaso, ubuvuzi bwa laser, ubuvuzi burwanya VEGF, indwara z'amaso mu bana