Ese uzi ibicurane biri gukwirakwira muri iyi minsi? Reka tuganire ku bicurane by'ingurube (H1N1)!

Ushobora kuba wibuka ibicurane byateje ubwoba bwinshi ku isi mu myaka mike ishize. Iyo yari ibicurane by'ingurube, cyangwa ibicurane byitwaga `(H1N1)`. Abantu benshi barayitinyaga, kandi barayirwaye. None rero uyu munsi, reka twige byinshi kuri iyi `(H1N1)`, kuko ikiri muri twe, kandi ni ngombwa cyane kumenya ibintu nk'ibi.

Iyi virusi y'ingurube (Swine Flu - H1N1) ni iki?

Mu magambo make, ibicurane by'ingurube (H1N1) ni indwara ifata imyanya y'ubuhumekero, ni ukuvuga uburyo duhumeka (ibihaha, trachea, nibindi) iterwa na virusi iri mu itsinda rya virusi ya grippe. Hari impamvu yihariye ituma yitwa 'ibicurane by'ingurube'. Ni ukuvuga ko iyi virusi isa cyane na virusi ya grippe yibasira ingurube (ingurube mu Cyongereza bivuze ingurube). Iyi virusi inatera indwara z'ubuhumekero mu ngurube. Rero iyo yibasiye abantu, tuyita ibicurane by'ingurube (H1N1). Ariko, ikwirakwira mu bantu kimwe n'ubundi bwoko bw'ibicurane busanzwe.

Ese ibicurane by'ingurube (H1N1) na grippe ya Espagne ni bimwe?

Oya, ntabwo ari kimwe rwose, ariko hari isano hagati y’ibyo byombi. Ushobora kuba warumvise iby’ibicurane byo muri Esipanye, byari icyorezo cyibasiye isi yose mu 1918. Cyanatewe n’ubwoko bwa virusi yitwa (H1N1). Tekereza, icyo gihe, abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 500 ku isi banduye iyi virusi, kandi abagera kuri miliyoni 50 bapfuye. Mu by’ukuri ni cyo cyorezo kibi cyane mu mateka yanditswe. Rero, ubwoko butandukanye bw’icyorezo (H1N1) bushobora kuvuka rimwe na rimwe.

Icyorezo cya grippe grippe (H1N1) cyo mu 2009 cyatangiye gite?

Muri Mata 2009, abashakashatsi bavumbuye ubwoko bushya bwa virusi ya grippe, virusi ya (H1N1). Yamenyekanye bwa mbere muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Hanyuma ikwirakwira vuba muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika hanyuma ikwirakwira hirya no hino ku isi. Impamvu nyamukuru yatumye ikwirakwira vuba ni uko yari ubwoko bushya bwa virusi ya grippe butari bwaragaragaye mu bantu mbere.

Kubera iyo mpamvu, urubyiruko rwinshi ntirwari rufite ubudahangarwa karemano bwo kwandura iyi virusi nshya. Ariko igitangaje ni uko abantu bakuze basaga n'aho bafite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya iyi virusi. Birashoboka ko ibi byatewe nuko bari barahuye n'ubwoko bwa `(H1N1)` bushaje, busa nabwo. Ibi bishobora kuba byarabahaye uburinzi.

Ariko, ubu bwoko bushya bwanduje abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni ku isi. Nk’uko bivugwa n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima, nibura abantu 150.000 ni bo bapfuye bazize ubwo burwayi. Ikibabaje cyane ni uko 80% by’abapfuye bari abakiri bato, bari munsi y’imyaka 65.

None se icyorezo cya grippe grippe (H1N1) cyarangiye ryari?

Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wita ku Buzima (OMS) watangaje ku mugaragaro ko icyorezo cya (H1N1) cyarangiye muri Kanama 2010. Ariko, ibi ntibivuze ko virusi ya (H1N1) yaciwe burundu ku isi. Ikirenzeho, abantu bashobora kwandura virusi ya (H1N1) bakayikwirakwiza mu bandi.`(H1N1)` ni imwe muri virusi zitera ibicurane by’ibihe bikunze kubaho mu bihe bimwe na bimwe by’umwaka. Ibyo bivuze ko, kimwe n’ubundi bwoko bw’ibicurane, bishobora gutuma abantu barwara, bajyanwa mu bitaro, ndetse no mu bihe bimwe na bimwe bibabaje, ndetse bagapfa.

Ni iki gitera ibicurane by'ingurube (H1N1)? Yandura ite?

Ibicurane by'ingurube (H1N1) biterwa na virusi. Bikwirakwira byoroshye cyane kuva ku muntu umwe kugera ku wundi. By'umwihariko, iyo umuntu urwaye ibicurane akorora cyangwa yitsamuye, uduce duto tw'amazi tuva mu kanwa no mu mazuru ye turekurwa mu kirere. Iyo uhumeka umwuka urimo iyi virusi, uba ufite amahirwe menshi yo kwandura iyi ndwara.

Ubundi buryo ni ugukora ku kintu kirimo virusi, nk'urugi, ameza, cyangwa intebe ya bisi, hanyuma ukore ku munwa, ku mazuru, cyangwa ku maso ukoresheje icyo kiganza cyanduye. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa gukaraba intoki zawe kenshi.

Igitekerezo gikunze kugaragara mu bantu benshi ni uko kurya ingurube bitazatera `(H1N1)`. Iyi ni indwara y'ubuhumekero, si indwara iterwa n'ibiryo.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ibicurane by'ingurube (H1N1)?

Ibimenyetso bya grippe fleur (H1N1) bisa cyane n'iby'ibicurane bisanzwe. Ibimenyetso bishobora gutangira kugaragara nyuma y'iminsi itatu kugeza kuri itanu virusi yinjiye mu mubiri. Hari abantu bashobora kugaragaza ibimenyetso mu munsi umwe cyangwa ibiri. Dore bimwe mu bimenyetso:

• Umuriro (ushobora kubaho mu buryo butunguranye hamwe n'umuriro)
• Kumva urimo gukonja no guhinda umushyitsi (nk'aho ufite ibicurane)
• Inkorora (akenshi inkorora yumye)
• Kubabara mu muhogo/mu muhogo
• Kubabara umubiri, kubabara imitsi
• Umutwe
• Umunaniro ukabije, umunaniro, n'intege nke
• Hari n'abantu bashobora kugira ibimenyetso nko kuruka no gucibwamo.

Ariko, ku bana bato n'abana, ibi bimenyetso bishobora kuba bitandukanye gato, cyangwa ntibishobore kwigaragaza neza, bityo rero tugomba kwitonda. Niba umwana wawe cyangwa umwana wawe afite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso bikurikira, ntukabirengagize kandi uhamagare muganga ako kanya:

• Guhumeka bigoranye, guhumeka vuba, kumva igituza cyawe kigiye kwinjira iyo uhumeka
• Gusinzira buri gihe, kugorwa no kubyuka mu bitotsi
• Kwanga kunywa ibinyobwa nk'amazi n'amata, kwanga kurya
• Uduheri duterwa n'umuriro
• Kutamenya, kugabanuka k'ubwenge, no kudakora neza

Ni gute wasuzuma neza indwara y'ibicurane by'ingurube (H1N1)?

Niba ufite ibimenyetso by'ibicurane, muganga wawe ashobora kugusuzuma no kukubaza ibimenyetso byawe kugira ngo arebe niba bishobora kuba ari `(H1N1)`. Hari igihe, cyane cyane mu gihe cy'icyorezo cya grippe, muganga wawe ashobora gutegeka `ikizamini cyihuse cya grippe`. Iki `(ikizamini cyihuse cya grippe)` gikunze kugaragaza niba ufite grippe A cyangwa B mu gihe cy'iminota mirongo itatu. `(H1N1)` ni ubwoko bwa grippe A. Ariko, kugira ngo umenye neza niba ari `(H1N1)` cyangwa ubundi bwoko bwa grippe A, ushobora gukenera gukora ibizamini byihariye (nk'ikizamini cya PCR), kandi ibisubizo bishobora gufata iminsi myinshi kugira ngo bigaruke.

Indwara y'ibicurane by'ingurube (H1N1) ivurwa ite?

Mu by’ukuri, nubwo waba waranduye ibicurane by’ingurube (H1N1), abantu benshi bafite ubuzima bwiza badafite izindi ndwara zikomeye zidakira (nka diyabete cyangwa indwara z’umutima) ntibakenera imiti cyangwa ubuvuzi bwihariye. Ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buzabirwanya ubwabwo. Iyo urwaye ibicurane by’ingurube, ikintu cy’ingenzi ugomba gukora ni uku:

• Ruhuka bihagije. Uko uhora uryamye ni ko birushaho kuba byiza. Irinde ibikorwa biruhije.
• Nywa ibinyobwa byinshi. Nywa amazi, icyayi cy'ibimera, umutobe w'icunga, cilantro, isupu, igikoma n'imitobe y'imbuto nshya kenshi. Ibi bizafasha kwirinda umwuma.
• Kurya indyo yoroheje kandi ifite intungamubiri. Ibiryo byoroshye gusya kandi bifite ibinure bike ni byo byiza.
• Guma mu rugo rwose. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo ureke kubikwirakwiza mu bandi. Nibura kugeza igihe umuriro wawe ugabanutse kandi ibindi bimenyetso bikagabanuka cyane.
• Fata umuti nka parasetamol (acetaminophen - Tylenol®) nk'uko muganga yabigutegetse kugira ngo ugabanye umuriro, ububabare bw'umubiri, n'umutwe. Ntugahe abana bato imiti nka aspirine utabanje kugisha inama muganga.

Ariko, niba urwaye cyane, cyangwa niba uri mu itsinda ry’abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura (urugero: abagore batwite, abana bato, abageze mu zabukuru, cyangwa abantu bafite indwara zidakira), muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira imiti igabanya ubukana bw’indwara. Imiti igabanya ubukana bw’indwara, nka oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) cyangwa zanamivir (Relenza®), ishobora gufasha kugabanya ubukana bw’indwara binyuze mu guhagarika virusi kwiyongera mu mubiri wawe. Iyi miti ishobora kugabanya igihe urwaye umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri kandi igafasha kugabanya ibimenyetso. Iyi miti igabanya ubukana ikora neza iyo utangiye kuyifata mu masaha 48 ya mbere uhereye igihe ugaragaje ibimenyetso. Niba rero urwaye, ni byiza kujya kwa muganga vuba bishoboka.

Ni gute wakwirinda ibicurane by'ingurube (H1N1)?

Hari ibintu byoroshye ariko by'ingenzi cyane dushobora gukora kugira ngo twirinde kwandura ibicurane by'ingurube (H1N1) no kubikwirakwiza mu bandi:

• Iyo witsamuye cyangwa ukorora, pfuka umunwa wawe n'amazuru ukoresheje agatambaro cyangwa igitambaro. Shyira witonze agatambaro kakoreshejwe mu myanda. Niba nta gatambaro kaboneka, shyiramo/korora mu nkokora. Ibi ni byiza kuruta gupfuka umunwa wawe n'ukuboko kwawe.
• Karaba intoki zawe neza n'isabune buri gihe.Karaba intoki zawe neza n'isabune n'amazi byibuze mu gihe cy'amasegonda 20. Ushobora kandi gukoresha umuti wo gusukura intoki urimo alukolo niba isabune n'amazi ntayo bihari.
• Irinde gukora ku maso, ku mazuru no ku munwa ukoresheje intoki zanduye. Izi ni zo nzira nyamukuru virusi ishobora kwinjira mu mubiri.
• Irinde abantu barwaye uko bishoboka kose. Gabanya guhura n'abantu bafite umuriro n'ibicurane.
• Niba urwaye, guma mu rugo rwose. Ntukajye ku kazi, ku ishuri cyangwa ahantu hahurira abantu benshi. Ibi bizagufasha kwirinda kwanduza abandi indwara.
• Ntugasangire n'abandi ibintu byawe bwite nk'ibikombe byo kunyweramo, amasahani, ibyatsi, ibikoresho byo mu gikoni n'amasume.
• Niba bishoboka, shaka urukingo rw'ibicurane by'igihe runaka mbere y'igihe cy'ibicurane (ubusanzwe mu mpera z'umwaka). Ibi bishobora kurinda ubwoko butandukanye bwa virusi y'ibicurane ishobora kwandura muri uwo mwaka, harimo na (H1N1).

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga?

Abantu benshi barwara ibicurane by'ingurube (H1N1) bazakira mu minsi mike bonyine. Ibimenyetso bya (H1N1) bisa n'iby'ibicurane bisanzwe. Ibimenyetso akenshi biragenda neza nyuma y'iminsi irindwi kugeza ku munani. Ariko, niba ibimenyetso byawe bitagenda neza nyuma y'iminsi mike, bikarushaho kuba bibi, cyangwa niba uhuye na kimwe muri ibi bikurikira, hamagara cyangwa uganire na muganga ako kanya:

• Kugorwa no guhumeka cyangwa kubabara mu gatuza
• Kuzungera mu buryo butunguranye
• Urujijo, ubwenge bwahindutse
• Niba uhora uruka
• Iyo umuriro wagabanutse, umuriro ugaruka mu buryo butunguranye kandi inkorora irazamuka.

Muri ibyo bihe, gushaka inama z'abaganga vuba bishobora gukumira ingorane zikomeye.

Ni ibihe bibazo by'ingenzi ngomba kubaza muganga wanjye?

Niba ugiye kwa muganga, ni byiza kubaza ibibazo nk'ibi kugira ngo usobanukirwe neza indwara yawe:

• Ese koko mfite `(H1N1)`, cyangwa indi grippe?
• Ese nkeneye ubuvuzi bwihariye kuri ibi?
• Ese birakwiye ko nhabwa urukingo rw'ibicurane? Ni ryari nkwiye kuruhabwa?
• Niba nandikiwe imiti igabanya ubukana bw'imiti, nkwiye kuyifata igihe kingana iki kandi nkwiye kuyifata gute neza?
• Nyuma yo gukira ibicurane by'ingurube, ni ryari nshobora gusubira ku kazi cyangwa ku ishuri? Bizantwara igihe kingana iki kugira ngo ndeke gukwirakwiza iyi ndwara ku bandi?
• Ni ibihe bintu nkwiye kwitondera cyane cyane?

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Ibicurane by'ingurube (H1N1) byari icyorezo ku isi yose. Ariko ubu iyi virusi yaragenzuwe, bivuze ko yabaye virusi isanzwe y'ibicurane by'igihe runaka. Ariko ibyo ntibivuze ko abantu badashobora kurwara cyangwa ngo bakomereke cyane kubera (H1N1). Abantu baracyashobora kuyirwara, kandi bamwe bashobora kuyirwara cyane, cyane cyane abafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budakomeye, abafite indwara zidakira, n'abana bato.

Niba rero wumva ufite umuriro, ntugatinye, ruhuka bihagije, kandi unywe ibinyobwa. Niba ibimenyetso byawe bisa nkaho bikomeje kwiyongera, cyangwa bitarangiye nyuma y'iminsi mike, jya kwa muganga. Kwiyitaho ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane. Tugomba kandi gufata inshingano zo kwirinda kwanduza abandi indwara.

Twese tugerageze kugira ubuzima bwiza no kwirinda izi ndwara!

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