Ni gute wavura ububyimbirwe buterwa na asima yawe? Reka tuganire!

Niba urwaye asima, rimwe na rimwe ushobora kugorwa no guhumeka. Kumva ufunze mu gituza no guhumeka ni byo bimenyetso by'ingenzi bya asima. Impamvu nyamukuru ibitera ni ukubyimba imbere mu myanya y'ubuhumekero, cyangwa icyo abaganga bita 'inflammation' . Uku kubyimba gutuma inzira z'ubuhumekero zigabanuka kandi zuzuyemo amacandwe, bigatuma guhumeka bigorana.

Ni iyihe sano iri hagati ya asima n'ububyimbirwe?

Niba urwaye asima, ushobora kuba uzi ko ubu bubyimbirwe butuma igice cy'inzira z'ubuhumekero kibyimba kandi kikarushaho gukora amatembabuzi. Tekereza nk'umuyoboro w'amazi wafunze, bigatuma amazi adatemba neza. Ubu bubyimbirwe butuma inzira z'ubuhumekero zawe zirushaho kuba zoroshye. Hanyuma, iyo ibintu bimwe na bimwe (twita "ibi") nk'umukungugu, umwotsi, n'inyamaswa byinjira mu mubiri wawe, bishobora kuzana asima vuba, bivuze ibitero bya asima .

Niyo mpamvu imiti igabanya ububyimbirwe ari umuti w'ingenzi ku bantu barwaye asima. Ihagarika inzira ituma asima irushaho kugurumana. Mu magambo make, ni nko gushyira amazi ku muriro.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura asima?

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'imiti ishobora gukoreshwa mu kurwanya ububyimbirwe buterwa na asima. Iy'ingenzi ni iyi:

• Corticosteroids iterwa mu buryo butaziguye mu nzira y'ubuhumekero (ibi tubyita inhaler).
• Imiti ya corticosteroids ikoreshwa mu mubiri (ifatwa nk'ibinini cyangwa iterwa mu mitsi) itangwa kugira ngo ikore ku mubiri wose.
• Byongeye kandi, hari imiti yitwa ``Mast cell stabilizers'' na ``Leukotriene modifiers''. Iyi miti ifasha kugabanya ububyimbirwe buterwa na ``Corticosteroids''.
• Uburyo bushya bwo kuvura ni "Monoclonal antibodies" cyangwa "biologic therapy". Izi ngingo zireba uturemangingo twibasira uturemangingo twibasira ububyimbirwe (``eosinophil cells'').

Noneho reka tuvuge kuri buri muti muri iyi mibare mu buryo burambuye .

Corticosteroids ihumekwa: Inshuti magara yo kurwanya asima!

Imiti ya corticosteroids ihumekwa ni yo miti myiza cyane iboneka kugira ngo igabanye kubyimba no gukora ibicurane mu myanya y'ubuhumekero . Ubu bwoko bw'imiti ihumeka akenshi ni cyo kintu cya mbere muganga azakwandikira kuri asima.

Ni izihe nyungu zo gukoresha ibi?

Hari inyungu nyinshi zo gukoresha iyi inhaler neza:

• Ibimenyetso bya asima n'ubwivumbure biragabanuka.
• Imiti ifasha mu gutabara indwara mu buryo bwihuse (short-acting beta agonists), cyangwa nk'uko tuyita , imiti ifasha mu gutabara, cyangwa imiti ifasha mu gihe cy'ubutabazi, ikoreshwa mu bihe byihutirwa kandi ikagabanya inshuro ukeneye kuyikoresha.
• Imikorere y'ibihaha byawe iratera imbere.
• Gukenera kujya mu byumba by’ubutabazi bw’ibanze no kujya mu bitaro bizagabanuka.
• Muri rusange, asima ishobora kugenzurwa neza.

Icy'ingenzi: Ugomba kwibuka ibi bintu mu gihe ukoresha ibi!

Ni ngombwa kumenya ko izi steroid zihumekwa zirinda gusa ibimenyetso bya asima, ntabwo zigabanya ibimenyetso bisanzwe . Ibi bivuze ko iyo uzifashe igihe urwaye asima, ntuzabona ubutabazi bwihuse. Ni cyo gikoresho cy’ihumeka gifasha umuntu kuvura indwara.

Iyi "inhaler" ya "controller" (nk'uko tuyita) igomba gukoreshwa buri munsi, nk'uko muganga yabigutegetse . Kuri bamwe, ishobora kuba kabiri ku munsi, ku bandi, rimwe ku munsi. Si byiza kugabanya cyangwa guhagarika kuyikoresha utabanje kuvugana na muganga wawe, wibwira ko ibimenyetso byawe birimo kugenda bigabanuka. Kubikora bishobora gutuma asima yawe yongera kwiyongera.

Iyi miti ya korteyide yo mu mazuru ni iyihe?

Hari ubwoko bwinshi butandukanye bwa corticosteroids ihumekwa ku isoko. Ingero zimwe ni izi:

• `` Beclomethasone dipropionate (Qvar RediHaler®) ''
• `Budesonide (Pulmicort®; Symbicort®)`. (Iyi `(Symbicort®)` ni uruvange rwa `(budesonide)` na `(formoterol)`.)
• `Ciclisonide (Alvesco® HFA)`
• `Fluticasone (Flovent® HFA; Advair® HFA na diskus, Wixela® Inhub, AirDuo®)`. (Izi zirimo `(fluticasone)` na `(salmeterol)`.)
• Fluticasone furoate (Arnuity® Ellipta; Breo® Ellipta; Trelegy® Ellipta). (Breo® irimo fluticasone furoate n'umuti uvura indwara ya beta ukora igihe kirekire witwa vilanterol. Trelegy® irimo umeclidinium yiyongera kuri ibi bibiri.)
• "Fluticasone propionate (ArmonAir® RespiClick)"
• `Mometasone (Asmanex®, Dulera®)`. (`(Dulera®)` irimo `(mometasone)` hamwe na `(formoterol)`.)

Ubwo bwoko bw'imiti ihumeka buboneka gute?

Iyi "(corticosteroids ihumekwa)" iza mu buryo butatu bw'ingenzi:

1. `(Imashini ihumeka mu gipimo cyagenwe - MDI)`: Iyi ni ubwoko busa n'agacupa gato, kandi ukagakoresha hejuru. Mu gihe ukoresheje iyi mashini, ni byiza kuyikoresha hamwe na `(agacupa gafite valvu)` cyangwa `(agace gafite spacer)` (ikintu twita 'agace gafite valvu' mu rurimi rwa Sinhala). Iyi `(agace gafite spacer)` ifasha umuti kujya mu bihaha mu buryo butaziguye, kandi ikagabanya ingano y'umuti winjira mu kanwa no mu muhogo. Ibi ni nko gukoresha umuyoboro iyo utera amazi mu gacupa ko kuhira.

2. `(Ifu yumye ihumeka - DPI)`: Iyi irimo umuti mu buryo bw'ifu yumye. Ikoreshwa mu guhumeka umwuka mwinshi.

3. `(Ibisubizo bya Nebulizer)`: Ibi biza ari amazi. Bivangwa n'umwuka hanyuma bigahumekwa hakoreshejwe imashini nto (`(imashini ya nebulizer)`). Ubu buryo bukunze gukoreshwa ku bana bato n'abafite asima ikomeye.

Ese nkwiye gutinya kubikoresha? Ese hari ingaruka mbi?

Imiti ya corticosteroids ihumekwa ni umuti wizewe cyane ku bantu bakuru no ku bana . Ingaruka mbi ni nke cyane, cyane cyane iyo ikoreshejwe ku gipimo gito.

Ariko, ni gake cyane, iyo ubikoresheje ku rugero runini, indwara y’ibihumyo mu kanwa (thrush) ishobora kuvuka, kandi ijwi ryawe rishobora guhinduka (gusakuza). Ibi biroroshye cyane kwirinda. Nyuma ya buri gukoresha inhaler , oza mu kanwa neza, uhanagure, hanyuma ucike umuti . Niba ukoresheje MDI, ushobora kandi kugabanya ibi byago ukoresheje spacer. Niba wafashwe na thrush ku bw’impanuka, ishobora kuvurwa byoroshye ukoresheje umuti woza mu kanwa urwanya thrush wahawe na muganga wawe.

Ni gute muganga atanga ibi?

Muganga wawe azahora agerageza kuguha urugero ruto rw'uyu muti rushobora kugenzura asima yawe. Abantu benshi bagira ubwoba iyo bumvise ijambo "steroids." Ibi biterwa nuko bumvise za steroides za anabolic, zikoreshwa n'abakinnyi mu kubaka imitsi. Ariko steroides za asima si ko bimeze . Ni imiti igabanya ububyimbirwe. Mu by'ukuri, kuyifata buri munsi bishobora gufasha mu kugenzura asima yawe.

Corticosteroids zo mu bwoko bwa Systemic: Ifasha mu kuvura asima ikomeye!

Iyi "Systemic corticosteroids" ni imiti ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara zikomeye za asima. Itangwa nk'ibinini cyangwa ibinyobwa (``munwa``), cyangwa igashyirwa mu mubiri binyuze mu mitsi (``mu mitsi - IV``).

Ibi bitangwa ryari?

Uyu muti ukoreshwa hamwe n'indi miti kugira ngo ugabanye indwara ya asima itunguranye, cyangwa ngo uvure asima ihora igoye kuyigenzura igihe kirekire.

Ibi bitangira gukora bite?

Steroid zo mu bwoko bwa “systemic” bifata amasaha atatu kugira ngo zitangire gukora, umusaruro mwiza ugaragara nyuma y'amasaha atandatu kugeza kuri cumi n'abiri. Hari igihe zitangwa ku rugero rwo hejuru mu minsi myinshi (byitwa steroid burst), cyangwa urugero rukagabanuka buhoro buhoro uko igihe kigenda gihita (byitwa steroid taper). Hari igihe, kugira ngo zigenzurwe igihe kirekire, zishobora gutangwa ku rugero rwo hasi buri munsi cyangwa buri wundi munsi.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa `(Steroyide zo mu bwoko bwa Systemic)`?

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa "siteroyide zo mu bwoko bwa systemic" bukunze gukoreshwa (izi nazo ziboneka nk'ibicuruzwa "bisanzwe"):

• 'Cortisone acetate'
• 'Deksamethasoni'
• `Hydrocortisone (Cortef®)`
• `Methylprednisolone (Medrol®, Solu-Medrol®, Depo-medrol®)`
• `Prednisone (Deltasone®)`
• `Prednisolone (Prelone®, Pediapred®, Orapred®)`

Ese natwe twagombye kumenya ingaruka mbi zishobora kubaho?

Ingaruka mbi za steroide zo mu mubiri zikunze kubaho iyo umuntu akoreshejwe igihe kirekire . Izi ngaruka mbi zishobora kuba zirimo:

• Ibiheri.
• Kongera ibiro.
• Impinduka mu byiyumvo cyangwa mu myitwarire.
• Kubabara mu gifu (urugero: indwara ya gastritis).
• Intege nke z'amagufwa, gutakaza amagufwa.
• Impinduka mu maso, urugero nka glaucoma (umuvuduko w'amaso wiyongera) cyangwa cataract (gupfuka kw'ijisho).
• (Amazina y'abana) kudindira mu mikurire.

Ariko ibuka ko izi ngaruka mbi zikunze kubaho gake cyane iyo zikoreshejwe mu gihe gito . Ugomba kuzikoresha igihe gito gusa iyo asima yawe ikabije cyane. Niba ufite asima idacunzwe kandi ukaba ukeneye gukoresha imiti ya steroid igihe kirekire, ugomba kureba inzobere mu by'imitsi y'ibihaha cyangwa inzobere mu by'ubwivumbure. Bashobora kugufasha gufata icyemezo cy'ubuvuzi buhanitse kandi bakakohereza ku bandi bahanga mu gihe bibaye ngombwa.

Uburyo bwo guhindura Leukotriene: Ubundi bufasha!

Ibi ni ibihe? Bikora bite?

Leukotriene ni imiti isanzwe iba mu mibiri yacu. Ituma imitsi yo mu myanya yacu y'ubuhumekero ikomera kandi ikongera umusaruro w'ibicurane. Leukotriene modifiers ibuza imikorere ya leukotrienes. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko iyi miti ishobora gufasha kunoza guhumeka no kugabanya ibimenyetso bya asima. Iza mu buryo bw'ibinini. Ifatwa rimwe cyangwa kabiri ku munsi. Ushobora kugabanya ingano y'indi miti ya asima ukeneye.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa `(Leukotriene Modifiers)`?

Imiti iri muri iki cyiciro ni iyi:

• `Montelukast (Singulair®)`
• `Zafirlukast (Accolate®)`
• `Zileuton (Zyflo®)`

Hari ingaruka mbi?

Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara ni ukurwara umutwe no kugira isesemi. Leukotriene modifiers zishobora no gukorana n'indi miti (urugero, umuti wa asima witwa theophylline na warfarin woroshya amaraso). Bityo rero , ni ngombwa kubwira muganga wawe imiti yose ufata.

Utunyangingo tw’umubiri twitwa Monoclonal - Ubuvuzi bw’ibinyabuzima: Icyizere gishya ku ndwara ya asima ikomeye!

Udukoko tw’umubiri twitwa monoclonal ni ubwoko bw’ubuvuzi bwa biologic bukoreshwa mu kuvura asima ikomeye. Bukora mu kubuza umubiri gusubiza ibintu ku bintu bitera ububyimbirwe. Bubasira uturemangingo turi mu bigize ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri, nka uturemangingo twa eosinophil.

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'iyi miti. Itangwa nk'urushinge munsi y'uruhu kwa muganga, nk'inshinge yo guterwa mu miyoboro y'amaraso mu ivuriro cyangwa mu bitaro, cyangwa imwe iterwa ubwayo mu rugo. Abantu bafata iyi miti y'ibinyabuzima bakunze kuvurwa buri byumweru 2 kugeza kuri 8 (bitewe n'imiterere y'umubiri). Uzakenera kwitabwaho n'inzobere mu by'imitsi y'ibihaha cyangwa inzobere mu by'ubwivumbure niba ufata iyi miti.

Ibitera imbaraga mu guhagarara kw'uturemangingo twa Mast: Umuti ukoreshwa gake cyane

Ibikoresho bigabanya ubukana bw'uturemangingo tw'umubiri bikora mu kubuza irekurwa rya histamine n'ibindi bintu bitera ububabare biva mu turemangingo tw'umubiri. Ariko, ibi ntibikunze gukoreshwa mu kuvura asima.

Icyo ugomba kwibuka kurusha ibindi byose!

Asima ni indwara idakira (ni ukuvuga ihoraho) ifata inzira z'ubuhumekero mu bihaha byawe. Ishobora kuba nk'agashashi gato kahora imbere. Kubwibyo, ufata imiti muganga yakwandikiye, ushobora kugenzura asima yawe neza no kubungabunga ibihaha byawe mu buryo burambye.

Wibuke ko kubana na asima bishobora kugorana, ariko iyo uvuwe neza, ushobora kubaho ubuzima busanzwe kandi bukora. Vugana na muganga wawe maze ushyireho gahunda y'ubuvuzi ikubereye. Ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo guhumeka neza!

Asima , Ububyimbirwe, Ingufu zihumeka, Corticosteroids, Uburyo bwo kuvura, Indwara z'ubuhumekero