Ushobora kuba warumvise indwara ya meningite, cyangwa icyo rimwe na rimwe twita 'umuriro wo mu bwonko.' Ni indwara ikomeye ituma utwikirizo dutwikira ubwonko bwacu n'umugongo wacu bibyimba. Ni ibisanzwe kumva ufite ubwoba gato iyo wumvise izina. Ariko ikintu cyiza ni uko hari byinshi dushobora gukora kugira ngo twirinde iyi ndwara. Ibintu byoroshye nko gukingirwa no gukaraba intoki bishobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byo kwandura iyi ndwara twe n'imiryango yacu. Reka turebe uko bikora.
Ubwoko bw'ingenzi bw'inkingo zirinda indwara ya meningitis
Uburyo bwiza kandi bwiza bwo kwirinda indwara ya meningitis ni ukubona urukingo rwa meningococcal. Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bw'izi nkingo. Izi nkingo zishobora gukumira hafi 70% by'indwara ziterwa na bagiteri za meningococcal. Ugereranyije, abantu icyenda ku icumi bahabwa urukingo baba barinzwe neza.
Dore ubwoko bw'inkingo bw'ingenzi n'ibisobanuro byoroshye byazo.
| Icyiciro cy'inkingo | Ibisobanuro n'ibyifuzo |
|---|---|
| Urukingo rwa meningococcal conjugate (MCV4) | Abaganga basaba abana guhabwa uru rukingo bafite imyaka 11 cyangwa 12. Hanyuma, hatangwa igipimo cyo kongera imbaraga ku myaka 16. |
| Urukingo rwa Serogroup B Meningococcal B | Uru rukingo muri rusange rugirwa inama ku rubyiruko, cyane cyane hagati y'imyaka 16 na 18 . |
| Urukingo rwa meningococcal polysaccharide (MPSV4) | Uru ni urundi bwoko bw'urukingo rurinda indwara ya meningitis. Muganga wawe azaguhitiramo urukingo rukubereye bitewe n'imyaka yawe, ubuzima bwawe, n'ibintu bishobora gutera ibyago. |
Abantu bafite ibyago byihariye bagomba gukingirwa
Uretse gukingira abana bisanzwe, abaganga banasaba abantu bafite ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora gutuma bafatwa n'uru rukingo. Muri byo harimo:
- Abantu bibwira ko bahuye cyane n'umurwayi wa meningitis: Kubera ko hari ibyago byinshi byo kwandura iyi ndwara.
- Abanyeshuri bo mu mwaka wa mbere baba mu macumbi ya kaminuza: Ingaruka zo gukwirakwira kw'iyi ndwara ni nyinshi kuko abantu benshi baba hamwe.
- Abakiri mu myitozo ya gisirikare: Kubera kubana hafi mu nkambi.
- Abantu bajya mu bihugu aho indwara ya meningite ikunze kugaragara (urugero: ibihugu bya Afurika).
- Abantu bakuweho urwagashya cyangwa urwagashya rudakora neza: Kubera ko urwagashya ari urugingo rw'ingenzi mu buvuzi bwacu bw'umubiri.
- Abantu bafite intege nke mu budahangarwa bw'umubiri: Urugero, abafite indwara nka "kubura ibice by'umubiri bihoraho".
- Abantu bakora muri laboratwari kandi bakunze guhura n'udukoko twa meningococcal.
Nubwo waba utari muri kimwe muri ibi byiciro, niba ufite gushidikanya cyangwa ubwoba ku ndwara ya meningitis, ntutindiganye kubibwira muganga w’umuryango wawe ku bijyanye na yo.
Ibi bintu ujye ubyibuka mbere yo gukingirwa.
Niba urwaye cyane ku munsi wo gukingirwa, urugero nk'aho ufite umuriro, inkorora, cyangwa ibicurane bikomeye, tegereza kugeza igihe uzaba wakize neza mbere yo guhabwa urukingo. Nanone, ugomba kwirinda guhabwa uru rukingo niba ufite ibi bikurikira:
- Niba waragize ubwivumbure bukomeye ku gipimo cy'uru rukingo wakoresheje mbere.
- Niba ufite ubwivumbure bukomeye ku gice icyo ari cyo cyose cy'urukingo.
Ushobora kugira ububabare buke n'umutuku aho watewe inshinge. Ibi ni ibisanzwe. Ariko, niba ugize ibimenyetso by'ubwivumbure bukomeye nko kugira umuriro mwinshi, kumva utameze neza, guhumeka bigoranye, umutima utera cyane, cyangwa isereri, hamagara muganga wawe vuba cyangwa ujye mu cyumba cy'ubutabazi bw'ibanze (ETU) kiri hafi yawe.
Urundi rukingo rw'ingenzi rurinda indwara ya meningitis
Meningite ishobora no kuba ikibazo cy’izindi ndwara. Kubwibyo, dushobora kwirinda meningite mu buryo butaziguye tubonye inkingo zirinda izi ndwara z’ibanze. Inyinshi muri izi nkingo ziri muri gahunda y’igihugu yo gukingira abana mu gihugu cyacu.
| Izina ry'urukingo | Akamaro |
|---|---|
| Urukingo rwa Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) | Uru rukingo rurinda indwara zitera umusonga na meningitis. Bagiteri za Hib zari zo zitera meningitis ku bana bari munsi y'imyaka 5. Ariko uru rukingo ubu rwagabanyije cyane ubwo bwiyongere bw'indwara. |
| Urukingo rw'umusonga | Izi zirinda indwara ya meningitis iterwa na bagiteri. Uru rukingo rusabwa abana bari munsi y'imyaka 2 ndetse n'abantu bakuru bose barengeje imyaka 65. |
| Urukingo rw'iseru, mumps, rubella (MMR) | Meningite ishobora kuba nk'ikibazo cy'iseru na mumps. Urukingo rwa MMR rukuraho iyo ngaruka. |
| Urukingo rwa Varicella/Inkoko | Virusi ya “chickenpox” ishobora no gutera indwara ya “meningitis” iterwa na virusi. Uru rukingo rushobora kurinda iyo ngaruka. |
Izindi ngamba zishobora gufatwa usibye inkingo
Nubwo inkingo ari bwo buryo bw'ingenzi bwo kwirinda, hari n'ingeso zimwe na zimwe zoroshye dushobora gukurikiza mu buzima bwacu bwa buri munsi zishobora kuturinda indwara ya meningitis, ndetse n'izindi ndwara nyinshi zandura.
Meningite ishobora kwandurira mu muntu umwe ijya ku wundi binyuze mu kwitsamura, gukorora, gusomana no gusangira ibintu nk'amasahani, ibikoresho byo mu gikoni, n'uburoso bw'amenyo bwakoreshejwe n'umurwayi .
Tekereza niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe urwaye indwara ya meningite yandura, gabanya kwegera uwo muntu uko bishoboka kose. Nanone, karaba intoki zawe neza ukoresheje isabune n'amazi kenshi. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane.
Niba warahuye cyane n'umuntu urwaye meningitis, hamagara muganga wawe ako kanya.Bitewe n'ubwoko bwa meningite umurwayi afite, muganga ashobora kukugira inama yo gufata imiti yica udukoko nk'uburyo bwo kwirinda. Ntutinye rero, kandi shaka inama za muganga niba ufite gushidikanya.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Nubwo indwara ya meningite ari indwara ikomeye, ntukibagirwe ko ishobora kwirindwa.
- Gukingirwa ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda iyi ndwara. Vugana na muganga w'umuryango wawe ku bijyanye n'inkingo zikwiye wowe n'abana bawe hanyuma ubone inkingo zikenewe.
- Uretse inkingo, ni ingenzi cyane gukurikiza imyitwarire myiza y’isuku, nko gukaraba intoki kenshi n’isabune no kudasangira ibintu byawe bwite (nk’uburoso bw’amenyo, ibikombe) n’abandi.
- Niba warahuye cyane n'umurwayi wa meningite cyangwa ufite amakenga kuri iyo ndwara, ntutindiganye gushaka inama kwa muganga .
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