Ese wigeze ujya kwa muganga kugira ngo bagupime amaso? Ushobora kuba wibuka igihe wajyagayo, bagutegekaga kwicara ku ntebe, bakamanika imbonerahamwe nini ku rukuta kure gato, bakagusaba gusoma inyuguti ziriho imwe imwe. Ugomba gusoma kuva ku nyuguti yo hejuru kugeza ku nyuguti nto, umurongo ku wundi. Hari igihe ugomba gufunga ijisho rimwe, hanyuma irindi... Icyo ni cyo kizamini cyoroshye cyane twese tuzi, cyitwa mu buvuzi Ikizamini cyo Kubona . Mu magambo make, kigenzura uburyo amaso yawe atyaye . Uyu munsi, tugiye kuganira kuri ibi mu buryo burambuye , nk'aho uri kuvugana n'inshuti.
Iki kizamini cy'ubuhanga bwo kureba neza ni iki?
Ubuhanga bwo kureba busobanura gusa "kubona neza" cyangwa "ubuhanga bwo kureba neza". Bisobanura uburyo ushobora gutandukanya neza imiterere n'ibisobanuro birambuye ukurikije intera runaka. Iyo uri kugenda mu muhanda, ushobora gusoma neza inyuguti ziri ku cyapa kiri kure? Ese ushobora kubona inomero muri bisi uri kure? Ibintu nk'ibyo bigenwa n'ubuhanga bwawe bwo kureba.
Iki kizamini rero ni bwo buryo bwihuse kandi bworoshye kwa muganga bwo kureba niba amaso yawe yarahindutse uko igihe kigenda gihita. Ni intambwe ya mbere kandi y'ingenzi mu isuzuma ry'amaso.
Kuki iki kizamini ari ingenzi cyane?
Iki kizamini cyoroshye gishobora gupima ibibazo byinshi bikunze kugaragara mu maso yacu hakiri kare. By'umwihariko, gikoreshwa mu kumenya ibibazo bine by'ingenzi bizwi nka amakosa yo kuvura amaso.
- Kureba hafi / Myopia: Iki ni cyo gihe ushobora kubona ibintu biri hafi yawe neza, ariko ibintu biri kure bikaba bitagaragara neza. Urugero, gusoma igitabo ni byiza, ariko kureba televiziyo cyangwa kubona inomero muri bisi mu muhanda ni ibintu bitagaragara neza.
- Kureba kure / Kureba kure: Ibi ni ibinyuranye n'uko byari bimeze mbere. Nubwo ibintu biri kure bishobora kugaragara neza, ibintu biri hafi, cyane cyane iyo usoma igitabo cyangwa ikinyamakuru cyangwa ureba kuri telefoni, bisa nkaho bitagaragara neza. Amaso yumva ananiwe.
- Astigmatisme: Iyi ni indwara itandukanye gato. Kubera ko ijisho ritareba neza urumuri, ushobora kubona ibintu hafi na kure nk'ibigoramye gato, byarambuye, cyangwa bitagaragara neza. Kimwe mu bimenyetso by'ibi ni ukugaragara kw'imirongo ikikije amatara y'imodoka iyo utwaye imodoka nijoro.
- Presbyopia: Iyi si indwara. Ni indwara isanzwe ibaho iyo indorerwamo y'amaso yacu itakaje ubushobozi bwayo bwo kwihuta nyuma y'imyaka 40. Ibi kandi bituma bigorana kubona ibintu byegereye, nko kureba ikinyamakuru cyangwa guhambira umugozi.
Uretse ibi bibazo bine by'ingenzi, iki kizamini rimwe na rimwe gishobora gukoreshwa nk'intambwe ya mbere yo gushakisha indwara nko kutabona ibara ry'uruhu.
Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibizamini by'ubuhanga bwo kureba.
Twese tuzi imbonerahamwe iriho inyuguti, ariko mu by’ukuri hari uburyo bwinshi bwo gukora iki kizamini. Gitandukana bitewe n’imyaka n’ibyo umuntu akeneye.
| Izina ry'ikizamini | Mu magambo make ... |
|---|---|
| Imbonerahamwe y'ikizamini cy'amaso cya Snellen | Ubu ni bwo buryo busanzwe twese tuzi. Imbonerahamwe iri ku rukuta irushaho kuba nto kuva hejuru kugera hasi. Iyerekwa ripimirwa n'umurongo muto ushobora gusoma. Ubu hari ahantu hamwe na hamwe, ibi birerekanwa ku rukuta. |
| Imbonerahamwe ya E idasanzwe | Ibi nabyo bisa n'imbonerahamwe ya Snellen. Ariko iyi ifite inyuguti ya 'E' gusa. Muri buri murongo, inyuguti ya E ihindurirwa mu byerekezo bitandukanye, nko hejuru, hasi, iburyo, n'ibumoso. Ibi bishobora gukorwa ndetse n'abana bato batazi gusoma inyuguti, cyangwa umuntu utazi ururimi. Erekana gusa uruhande rw'inyuguti ya 'E' rufite amaguru atatu. |
| Ikizamini cy'ubuhanga bwo kureba mu jisho (pinhole Visual Acuity Test) | Ibi bikorwa kugira ngo hamenyekane neza indwara nko kutareba hafi. Aha, uhabwa igikoresho (ikaramu) gifite umwobo muto cyangwa imyobo myinshi. Usabwa kureba muri uwo mwobo no gusoma imbonerahamwe. Ibi bifasha kugenzura urumuri rwinjira mu jisho no kumenya neza ikibazo cyo kureba. |
| Ibizamini by'abana (Cardiff Tests) | Tekereza, ni gute wasuzuma amaso y'umwana muto utazi gusoma?Mu bihe nk'ibi, aho gukoresha inyuguti, bakoresha imbonerahamwe iriho amashusho atandukanye y'inyamaswa, ibinyabiziga n'amazu. Muganga yereka umwana ayo mashusho maze akamubaza icyo ari cyo. Ibi bitanga igitekerezo cy'urwego rw'amaso y'umwana. |
Uku ni ko ikizamini gikora:
Iyi ni inzira yoroshye cyane. Izi ni intambwe zikunze gukurikizwa:
1. Intera: Uzicara cyangwa uhagarare ku ntebe nko muri metero 30 uvuye aho imbonerahamwe iri.
2. Gufunga ijisho rimwe: Hanyuma, muganga azakubwira gufunga ijisho rimwe ukoresheje ukuboko kwawe cyangwa agakoresho gato kari kumwe na ryo. Ntushobora kwitegereza ukoresheje intoki zawe gusa, si byo se?
3. Gusoma inyuguti: Noneho usabwe gusoma inyuguti zikurikirana uhereye ku nyuguti nini hejuru y'imbonerahamwe, hepfo.
4. Kumenya aho ntarengwa: Ukomeza gusoma kugeza igihe udashobora gusoma neza inyuguti, kandi zikaba zitagaragara neza.
5. Gupima irindi jisho: Ijisho rimwe rimaze kurangira, rifungure, ufunge irindi jisho, hanyuma wongere ugerageze kuva mu ntangiriro.
Igikuru ni ukudakubita amaso ngo ugerageze gusoma iyo inyuguti ari nto cyangwa zitagaragara neza. Kubikora bizakurinda kubona ishusho nyayo y'amaso yawe. Iki si ikintu ugomba 'gutsinda' nk'ikizamini. Icy'ingenzi ni ukubwiza muganga wawe ukuri uko ubona.
Niba usanzwe wambaye indorerwamo cyangwa contact lenses, muganga wawe ashobora gukora iki kizamini kabiri.
- Udafite indorerwamo: Pima uburyo ubona bisanzwe (udakosoye).
- Kwambara indorerwamo: Reba uburyo indorerwamo zawe zikora neza mu kureba kwawe.
Ibisubizo bivuga iki? Urebye inyuma ni 20/20...
Iyo ikizamini kirangiye, kureba kwawe kuvugwa mu bice. Ushobora kuba warumvise inkuru ya "20/20 vision." Bavuga ko muri filime, "Iyerekwa rye ni ryiza cyane, 20/20."
Ibi bisobanura byoroshye cyane.
Kureba neza 20/20 bivuze ko ikintu umuntu ufite amaso mazima ashobora kubona neza muri metero 20 uvuye aho ari kizagaragara neza muri metero 20 uvuye aho ari.
Tekereza ko kureba kwawe kuri 20/40. Ibi bivuze ko kugira ngo ubone neza ikintu umuntu usanzwe ashobora kubona muri metero 15 uvuye aho uri, ugomba kuba uri hafi ya metero 15. Ibi bivuze ko kureba kwawe kuri metero 15 biri munsi y’ikigereranyo.
Nanone, niba amaso yawe ari 20/15, bivuze ko amaso yawe ari meza kurusha asanzwe. Ushobora kubona neza iyo uri muri metero 20 uvuye aho umuntu asanzwe yabona iyo ari muri metero 3.
Ariko ibuka ko abantu benshi badashobora kubona neza 20/20 badafite uburyo bwo kubikosora. Ibyo ni ibisanzwe. Nyuma yo gupimwa, muganga wawe azakubwira icyo ugomba gukora kugira ngo ukosore uburyo bwo kubona. Kenshi na kenshi, indorerwamo cyangwa indorerwamo zo mu bwoko bwa contact lenses zizaguhabwa.
Ikizamini cyo Kubona neza ni kimwe mu bice by'isuzuma ryawe ryuzuye ry'amaso. Nyuma y'ibi, muganga azasuzuma umuvuduko w'amaso yawe, imitsi iri mu jisho ryawe, n'ibindi byinshi akoresheje ibindi bikoresho (urugero: itara rito).
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Ikizamini cyo Kubona neza ni ikizamini cyoroshye cyane, kidatera ububabare, ariko cy'ingenzi cyane gipima ubukana bw'amaso yawe.
- Ibi birafasha cyane mu gutahura hakiri kare indwara zisanzwe z'amaso nko kutareba hafi no kutareba kure.
- Mu gihe cyo gupima, vugisha umuganga ukuri ku bijyanye n'uko ubona . Ntugahindukire amaso ngo ugerageze gusoma bigoye. Iki si ikizamini ugomba 'gutsinda'.
- Niba ufite ibimenyetso nko kuribwa umutwe, kubabara amaso, cyangwa kutabona neza, menya neza ko wagiye kwa muganga no gusuzumwa amaso yawe.
- Kugira ngo tugumane ubushobozi bwo kureba neza, ni ngombwa cyane kwipimisha amaso buri gihe . Nk'ababyeyi, tugomba guhora duhangayikishijwe n'ubushobozi bwo kureba bw'abana bacu.
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