Gusaza ni ikintu twese tugomba guhangana na cyo. Uko tugenda dusaza, ni ibisanzwe ko ibintu byari byoroshye gukora birushaho kugorana. Birashoboka ko mama wawe, papa wawe, nyogokuru wawe, cyangwa sogokuru wawe bagorwa no kuva mu buriri, kwambara, cyangwa no kurya ifunguro bonyine. Ibi bishobora guterwa n'imyaka gusa, ahubwo biterwa n'indwara, impanuka, cyangwa ubumuga. None se, twamenya dute neza ingano y'ubufasha umuntu nk'uyu akeneye? Muri iyi nkuru, tuzavuga ku buryo abaganga bakoresha kugira ngo bapime iki kibazo.
ADL na IADL ni iki?
Aya ashobora gusa nkaho ari amagambo agoye mu ntangiriro, ariko mu by'ukuri yoroshye cyane. ADL isobanura '
Ibikorwa by'Ubuzima
bwa Buri Munsi'. Muri make, ADL ni ibintu by'ibanze tugomba gukora kugira ngo tubeho twigenga buri munsi. Mu by'ukuri, ubu ni ubuhanga bw'ibanze dukeneye kugira ngo twite ku mibiri yacu no kwiyitaho. IADL isobanura
'Ibikorwa by'Instrumental by'Ubuzima bwa Buri Munsi' . Ibi biragoye gato kurusha ADL. Ni ibikorwa byo ku rwego rwo hejuru bikenewe kugira ngo tubeho twigenga muri sosiyete. Kugira ngo dusobanukirwe neza itandukaniro riri hagati y'ibyo byombi, reka turebe iyi mbonerahamwe.
| Ibikorwa by'ibanze bya buri munsi (ADL z'ibanze) | Ibikorwa bya buri munsi by'ubufasha (IADLs) |
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| Ibi ni ibintu by'ibanze bifitanye isano no kwita ku mubiri wawe. | Iyi ni imirimo igoye cyane isabwa kugira ngo umuntu abeho yigenga. |
- Kugenda no kugenda: kugenda, kwicara, guhagarara, kujya kuryama no kuva mu buriri.
- Isuku y'umuntu ku giti cye: koza amenyo , koga, kogosha , gusokoza umusatsi, gukata inzara .
- Kwiyuhagira: Ubushobozi bwo kujya mu bwiherero wenyine no kwisukura.
- Kwambara imyenda: Kwambara imyenda wenyine ukoresheje utubuto n'amazipu.
- Kurya: Kurya wenyine ukoresheje ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa "cutlery".
| - Gucunga amafaranga: kwishyura fagitire, banki, amafaranga yo gutegura .
- Imicungire y'ubuzima: kujya kwa muganga, gufata imiti uko byategetswe.
- Guhaha: Kugura ibintu by'ingenzi nk'ibiribwa, ibinyobwa n'imyambaro.
- Gutegura ibiryo: Guteka ibiryo wifuza.
- Ubwikorezi: Gutwara imodoka, gufata bisi, cyangwa gukoresha tagisi.
- Itumanaho: Gukoresha telefoni, imeri, n'ibindi.
- Imirimo yo mu rugo: gusukura inzu, kumesa imyenda, gusukura ubusitani.
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Mu magambo make, niba umuntu ashobora gukora ADLs, bivuze ko ashobora kwita ku mubiri we. Niba ashobora no gukora IADLs, bivuze ko ashobora kubaho wenyine rwose kandi ku giti cye.
Abaganga bapima bate ubwo bushobozi?
Kugira ngo bamenye neza urwego rw'ubwisanzure umuntu afite n'ubwoko bw'ubufasha akeneye, abaganga bakoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo gusuzuma. Ubu buryo bupima urwego umuntu ashobora gukora ADL na IADL byavuzwe haruguru ku giti cye bakoresheje uburyo bwo gupima amanota. Ubu buryo bushobora gukoreshwa mu gusuzuma niba umurwayi ashobora kubaho mu buryo bwe bwite nta ngaruka mbi afite. Uburyo butandukanye bukoreshwa hirya no hino ku isi kuri ibi. Bumwe muri bwo ni:
- Katz Index: Uru ni urutonde rworoshye rukoreshwa mu gupima ubushobozi bw'ibanze bwa ADL ku bantu bakuru.
- Igipimo cya Lawton-Brody: Iki gipimo ahanini cya IADL, ni ukuvuga ubushobozi bwo gukora ibikorwa bigoye.
- Barthel Index: Iyi Index ikoreshwa mu gupima ubwigenge bw'abarwayi , cyane cyane abahuye n'indwara nka stroke .
- Igipimo cya Cleveland: Iki gikoreshwa mu gusuzuma urwego rw'ubwisanzure bw'abantu bafite indwara yo kwibagirwa cyangwa indwara ya Alzheimer .
Hashingiwe ku manota yavuye muri ibi bipimo, ishusho isobanutse neza y'ubufasha umuntu akeneye ishobora kuboneka.
Ni izihe nyungu zo kumenya urwego rwa ADL?
Gusuzuma urwego rw'umuntu rwa ADL na IADL muri ubu buryo bifite inyungu nyinshi: 1.
Gutegura gahunda nyayo y'ubuvuzi:Iyo uru rwego rumaze kumenyekana, abaganga, abaganga b'imitsi n'abagize umuryango bashobora gutegura neza ubufasha umuntu akeneye. Urugero, ku muntu ufite ikibazo cyo kugenda, bashobora kumusaba imyitozo ngororamubiri kugira ngo agabanye kugwa. 2.
Kwita ku mutekano: Iri suzuma rifasha kumenya niba umuntu ashobora kubaho mu mutekano wenyine cyangwa niba akeneye ubufasha buhoraho. 3.
Kumenya ubufasha bukenewe: Hari igihe ubufasha bwonyine bukenewe bushobora kuba uguteka amafunguro, gufata imiti rimwe na rimwe, cyangwa gucunga amafaranga. Muri icyo gihe, umuntu urera abana igihe gito ashobora gukoreshwa kugira ngo afashe muri iyo mirimo gusa. 4.
Gutahura indwara hakiri kare: Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni uko rimwe na rimwe ingorane zigenda buhoro buhoro mu gukora izi ndwara zishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'indwara nka
dementia . Kubwibyo, kugenzura buri gihe urugero rwa ADL rw'abageze mu zabukuru n'abari mu kaga bishobora gufasha kumenya izo ndwara hakiri kare no gutangira kuvurwa.
Wakora iki iyo umuntu adashobora gukora akazi wenyine?
Niba usanze hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ugorwa no gukora imirimo ye ya buri munsi muri ubu buryo, hari ibintu bike ushobora gukora.
- Shaka inama kwa muganga: Ikintu cya mbere kandi cy'ingenzi ugomba gukora ni ukuganira na muganga w'umuryango wawe cyangwa umuganga uri hafi yawe. Umuganga azakora isuzuma rikenewe kandi agusobanurire intambwe ugomba gutera nyuma.
- Teza umutekano ibidukikije byo mu rugo rwawe: Nk’uko muganga yabigutegetse, hindura ibidukikije byo mu rugo rwawe kugira ngo ibikorwa bya buri munsi byoroshye kandi bitekanye. Urugero, ushobora gushyiramo utubati two gufata mu bwiherero, ushyireho udutambaro tudacika intege, hanyuma ushyire ibintu bikenewe hafi y’igitanda.
- Gufashwa n'umuforomo: Bitewe n'ingano y'ubufasha ukeneye, ushobora kubona ubufasha buturutse ku muforomo ukora igice cy'igihe cyangwa ukora igihe cyose.
- Gutekereza ku kigo cyita ku barwayi: Niba urugo rufite ibibazo cyangwa hakenewe ubuvuzi buhoraho, ushobora gutekereza kwimukira mu kigo cyita ku barwayi gitanga ubuvuzi buhamye.
- Shaka ubufasha bw'inzobere: Shaka ubufasha bw'inzobere kugira ngo utegure gahunda y'ubuvuzi izagufasha kubungabunga ubuzima bwiza no gukurikirana ikibazo.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Niba ubonye ko hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe, nk'umubyeyi cyangwa undi muntu mukuru, ufite ikibazo cyo gukora imirimo ya buri munsi wenyine, ntukabirengagize nk'ibisanzwe.
- Ikintu cyiza cyo gukora ako kanya ni ukubonana na muganga no gusaba inama.Iyo ni yo ntambwe ya mbere kandi y'ingenzi cyane.
- Dukoresheje uburyo bwo gusuzuma neza urugero rwa ADL, dushobora kumenya ubufasha umuntu akeneye no kunoza ubuzima bwe n'ubwisanzure bwe.
- Ibi bipimo bya ADL nabyo birafasha cyane mu gutahura hakiri kare indwara zimwe na zimwe, cyane cyane indwara nka dementia.
- Dufashijwe kandi twitabwaho neza, dushobora gufasha umuntu wese kubaho afite icyubahiro n'ibyishimo.
Ibikorwa by'ubuzima bwa buri munsi, ADL, IADL, kwita ku bageze mu zabukuru, kwigenga,
gusaza , indwara yo kwiheba
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