Niba uri umubyeyi ufite umwana ukiri muto ufite autism, ushobora kuba waribajije uti "Ni gute nakwigisha umwana wanjye gukoresha ubwiherero?" Ibi bishobora gusa n'ikibazo gikomeye, ariko ibuka ko abana bafite autism, kimwe n'abandi bana bose, bishima cyane iyo biga ibintu bishya. Binabongerera icyizere. Reka tubiganireho mu buryo bworoshye kandi bwumvikana.
Namenya nte ko umwana wanjye ufite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe yiteguye kwimenyereza ubwiherero?
Kimwe n'abandi bana, abana bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe bagaragaza ibimenyetso bimwe byerekana ko biteguye kwimenyereza ubwiherero. Ariko, bishobora gufata igihe kirekire kugira ngo umwana ufite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe yitegure. Ibi ni ibisanzwe. Dore ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe bizagufasha kumenya niba umwana wawe yiteguye aya mahugurwa.
| Ikimenyetso cyiteguye | Mu magambo make ... |
|---|---|
| Kugerageza kuvugana | Bagerageza kuvugana igihe amashereka yabo atose cyangwa iyo bagiye mu nda , haba mu magambo, mu marenga, cyangwa mu gikoresho kibafasha kubikora. |
| Gukurikiza amabwiriza yoroshye | Ushobora gusobanukirwa amabwiriza yoroshye y'intambwe imwe cyangwa ebyiri (urugero: "Jya kwicara ku musarani") hanyuma ukabikore gutyo. |
| Gushakisha ubuzima bwite | Iyo bihagarika inkari , bagerageza kwihisha mu mfuruka y'icyumba, nko inyuma y'umwenda. |
| Kuguma humutse nibura amasaha 2 | Ushobora kumara amasaha abiri cyangwa arenga ku manywa udatose ipantaro yawe. |
| Kuba ushobora kujya mu bwiherero | Ubifashijwemo n'umuntu mukuru, ushobora kujya mu bwiherero, ukambura imyenda, ukicara. |
| Ubwitange bwo gukoresha ubwiherero | Bafite amatsiko kandi bafite amatsiko yo gukoresha ubwiherero. Bashobora no kukubaza ibyabwo. |
Ni iki twakora mu gihe tumenyereza umwana ufite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe kwiyuhagira?
Kwigisha ubwiherero umwana ufite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe biratandukanye kuri buri mwana. Bishobora gufata umwaka cyangwa irenga. Biterwa n'imico y'umwana, uburyo yiga, n'ibindi bintu bimubaho. Kwihangana ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi hano.
Igikuru ni uko wabanza kwizera ko 'umwana wanjye ashobora kubikora'. Ugomba gutuma umwana yumva ibyo yemera . Ibi tubyita 'ubushobozi bwo gutekereza'.
Niba umwana wawe atari umwana uvuga, ushobora gukenera ubundi buryo bwo kumumenyesha ko agomba kujya mu bwiherero. Ururimi rw'amarenga cyangwa uburyo bukoresha amakarita y'amashusho (PECS - Sisitemu yo Guhanahana Amashusho) bishobora gufasha.
Dore uburyo bumwe na bumwe bwo gufasha umwana wawe muri uru rugendo yizeye ubushobozi bwe:
- Vuga mu buryo bujyanye n'imyaka y'umwana: Irinde kuvugana n'umwana muto mu "kiganiro cy'uruhinja ." Vuga mu buryo yumva kandi yubaha imyaka ye.
- Fasha mu bundi buryo bwo gutumanaho: Niba kuvuga bigoye, bashishikarize kwigaragaza binyuze mu bimenyetso cyangwa amashusho, nk'uko byavuzwe mbere.
- Ntukavuge nk'aho umwana adahari: Iyo urimo ubwira umwana wawe undi muntu uri imbere ye, ntukavuge nk'aho adahari. Mushyire mu kiganiro.
- Sobanukirwa ko imyitwarire ari uburyo bwo kuganira: Umwana wawe ashobora kuba yitwara mu buryo runaka kuko ashaka kuvuga ikintu. Gerageza gusobanukirwa impamvu y'iyo myitwarire.
- Emerera umwana wawe gutuza: Emerera umwana wawe gukora ibintu bimufasha gutuza (urugero, gukoma amashyi, kuzenguruka - ibi tubyita 'gukangura'). Ibi bizamufasha gucunga imihangayiko ye.
Ni ibihe bibazo abana bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe bahura na byo iyo bimenyereza ubwiherero?
Nubwo kwigisha ubwiherero ari ikibazo ku bana bose, hari ibibazo bimwe na bimwe bireba abana bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe. Kubyumva bishobora kudufasha kubona ibisubizo.
Ibibazo bijyanye no kumva ko hari icyo umuntu yakora mu buryo bw'ibanga
Mu magambo make, uku ni ko twumva ibintu bibera mu mibiri yacu (dushonje, tunaniwe, dufite inyota, dukeneye kujya mu bwiherero ). Abana bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe rimwe na rimwe bagorwa no kumenya ibyo bimenyetso. Ibi bivuze ko bashobora kudasobanukirwa neza icyo bivuze kujya mu bwiherero.
Wakora iki? Uramutse wambaye ipantaro yo kwitoza ikarabwa cyangwa imyenda y'imbere isanzwe irimo agatambaro k'imbere, umwana wawe azatangira kumva iyo atose. Ibi bizafasha umwana wawe kumenya ibimenyetso by'umubiri we.
Kugorwa no kwihanganira impinduka mu buzima bwa buri munsi
Abana benshi bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe bakunda gukurikiza gahunda, gahunda aho bakora ibintu bimwe buri munsi. Kwitoza mu bwiherero bihindura burundu iyi gahunda. Aho guhindura ipantaro, ubu bagomba kujya mu bwiherero. Iyi mpinduka ishobora kubatera imihangayiko.
Ni iki cyakorwa?
- Gabanya impinduka : Niba bishoboka, koresha intebe yo kwimenyereza ifatanye neza n'ubwiherero aho gukoresha agasanduku k'abana. Ibi bizagabanya ibintu bishya umwana wawe agomba kumenyera.
- Koresha Inkuru z'Imibanire y'Abantu: Jya mu bwiherero nk'igice cy'imirimo ya buri munsi kandi ubwire umwana wawe inkuru ngufi irimo amashusho.
- Koresha igihe: Shyiraho igihe cy'igihe runaka, kandi nikiramuka, wiyibutse uti "Igihe kirageze cyo kujya mu bwiherero."
- Koresha ingengabihe y'amashusho: Kora ingengabihe y'amashusho igaragaza gahunda za buri munsi uko zikurikirana, harimo n'amasaha yo kwiyuhagira. Ibi bizaha umwana wawe igitekerezo gisobanutse cy'uko umunsi we uzagenda.
Ibibazo by'ibyumviro
Abana bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe bashobora kumva ibintu bimwe na bimwe bikomeye. Tekereza ku mabati akonje yo mu bwiherero, urusaku rw'amazi yo mu musarani, guhora bashaka kwiyambura no kwambara imyenda... Ibi bintu bishobora kubabangamira cyane.
Ni iki cyakorwa?
Reba neza imyitwarire y'umwana wawe kandi usobanukirwe icyamuteye kumererwa nabi.
- Ahantu hakonje: Shyira tapi nto cyangwa amasogisi abiri hasi mu bwiherero.
- Urusaku rwo gusohora: Niba wumva urusaku, ushobora gukoresha ibikoresho byo kurinda amatwi.
- Imyambaro: Ambara ipantalo, ikabutura ngufi, n'ibindi bintu byoroshye kwambara no gukuraho udafite utubuto cyangwa zipu.
Ibibazo by'igifu (GI)
Abana bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe (autism) bafite amahirwe menshi yo kugira ibibazo byo mu gifu kurusha abandi bana, nko kutagira impatwe no gucibwamo. Hari igihe ibi bishobora guterwa no kurya ibiryo bitandukanye cyangwa izindi ndwara.
Niba ukunze kugira ibibazo nk'ibi byo mu gifu, ugomba kuvugana na muganga mbere yo gutangira kwimenyereza ubwiherero. Muganga wawe azakohereza kwa muganga w'imirire nibiba ngombwa.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Gutoza umwana ufite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe bifata igihe. Gira kwihangana, urukundo, kandi ukore uko umwana wawe ashoboye.
- Witondere ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko umwana wawe yiteguye. Ntukamuhatire kumutoza.
- Ubwa mbere, wizera ko 'umwana wanjye ashobora kubikora.' Ha umwana wawe nawe icyo cyizere.
- Sobanukirwa ibibazo bikomeye umwana ahura na byo, nko guhindura gahunda, kandi utange ibisubizo byoroshye kuri byo.
- Niba umwana wawe akunda kugira ibibazo byo mu mara nko kutagira impatwe, cyangwa niba ufite impungenge, ntugatinye gusaba inama kwa muganga .
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