Ese umwana wawe muto ntareba abandi bantu mu maso? Cyangwa amara amasaha menshi afite igikinisho kimwe cyangwa akora ikintu kimwe? Muri iyi minsi, iyo ababyeyi benshi babonye ikintu nk'iki, ubwoba buhita bugaruka mu mutwe ni ubu: "Ese umwana wanjye afite autisme ?" Kuko, autisme, itari isanzweho mu myaka makumyabiri cyangwa mirongo itatu ishize, ivugwa hose muri iki gihe. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa gutinya nubwo wabona itandukaniro rito ku mwana. Ariko se, ikintu cyose gisa na autisme koko ni autisme? Reka tubiganireho uyu munsi.
Mbere na mbere, autisme ni iki?
Mu magambo make, autisme si indwara, ni indwara. Mu buvuzi, tuyita autism spectrum disorder, cyangwa `Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).` Ni indwara ifitanye isano n'iterambere ry'ubwonko bwacu, cyangwa `imikurire y'ubwonko`. Ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bumenyi bw'umwana mu itumanaho (uburyo avuga, uburyo avugana) ndetse n'imibanire ye n'abandi (uburyo akora kandi akina n'abandi).
Ijambo "spectrum" rikoreshwa kubera ko iyo ndwara itandukanye cyane bitewe n'umuntu ku wundi. Tekereza nk'umukororombya. Nk'uko buri bara rifite ibara ryaryo, imiterere n'ubukana bw'ibimenyetso ku bana bafite autism biratandukanye cyane. Ku bana bamwe, ibimenyetso ni bike cyane ku buryo bitagaragara ku bantu bo hanze. Ku bandi, ibimenyetso bishobora gutuma bigorana ko bakora mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi.
Igikuru ni ukudatekereza ko umwana afite autisme kubera ko afite ibimenyetso , kuko hashobora kubaho izindi ndwara zishobora gutera ibimenyetso bimwe.
Ni ibihe bintu bishobora kwitiranywa n'indwara ya autisme?
Ikindi kibazo cyo gusuzuma nabi umwana ufite autism ni uko ashobora kudahabwa ubuvuzi akeneye ku bijyanye n'uburwayi bwe. Urugero, niba umwana afite ikibazo cyo kunanirwa bitewe n'indwara nk'uburozi bw'uburozi, uburyo bumwe bwo kuvura autism ntabwo bukora. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kumenya iryo tandukaniro.
Ibimenyetso by'izi ndwara bishobora gusa cyane n'iby'indwara ya autisme.
| Kutumvikana nabi | Ibimenyetso bisa n'iby'indwara ya autisme | Icyo ugomba kumenya |
|---|---|---|
| Imvugo, kumva, cyangwa izindi nzitizi z'iterambere | Kutavuga neza ukurikije imyaka yabo, kutagira ubumenyi buhagije mu mibanire n'abandi, kugorwa no kumva ibyo abandi bavuga. | Hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora gutuma umwana atinda gukura. Ibi bishobora guterwa n'indwara nko kutumva neza, uburozi bw'ibishishwa, na Down syndrome. |
| Kugaragaza ubushake buke cyangwa bukomeye | Gushishikazwa cyane n'ikintu kimwe (urugero: amakarita, kureba umufana azenguruka). | Nubwo ibi bikunze kugaragara mu bana bafite autisme, iyi miterere yonyine si yo ituma biba autisme. Kugira ngo umuntu abe autisme, hagomba kuba hari n'ibindi biranga, nk'ibibazo mu mibanire y'abantu. |
| Gusoma vuba cyangwa ubwenge bwinshi (Hyperlexia) | Ubushobozi bwo gusoma ukiri muto cyane, ariko bigoye gutanga ibitekerezo. | Abana bose barwaye `Hyperlexia` ntibaba bafite autism. Ibi bintu bibiri bishobora kubaho cyangwa bitabaho. Kubwibyo, ntabwo bishoboka kumenya ukurikije iki kimenyetso gusa. |
| Ibibazo byo Gutunganya Ibyumviro | Kwanga amatara yaka cyane, urusaku rwinshi, cyangwa gukorakora. Kuba ufite umujinya cyangwa utavuga muri iki gihe. | Iki ni ikintu gikunze kugaragara mu bana bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe. Ariko, ibibazo by'ibyumviro nabyo bishobora kuba indwara itandukanye. Ku bijyanye n'uburwayi bwo mu mutwe, hari n'ibindi bimenyetso (urugero: gutinda kuvuga). |
| Indwara zitandukanye zo mu mutwe | Gusubiramo ikintu kimwe cyane, kwitandukanya n'abandi, ibibazo byo kuvugana. | Nubwo ibi bishobora kugaragara nk'indwara ya autism, bishobora guterwa n'izindi ndwara zo mu mutwe. Ingero zirimo: Indwara yo kwiheba (OCD), Indwara yo kwirinda imico, Indwara yo gutumanaho mu mibanire (social (pragmatic)), Indwara yo kwihambira ku ngingo (Reactive Attachment Disorder), na, gake cyane, Schizophrenia mu bana. |
| Indwara z'uturemangingo | Kudatera imbere mu kuvuga, ubumuga bwo kwiga. | Indwara zimwe na zimwe zo mu bwoko bwa genetic (urugero: Tuberous Sclerosis) zibaho hamwe na autisme. Ariko, indwara nka 22q11.2 deletion syndrome zishobora gufatwa nk'indwara ya autisme kuko ibimenyetso bisa cyane. |
Ntiwibagirwe kubaza muganga wawe ibi bintu.
Niba ufite impungenge ku mwana wawe, ikintu cyiza wakora ni ukujya kwa muganga w'abana . Muganga azasuzuma imikurire y'umwana, imyitwarire ye, n'amateka ye y'ubuzima.
Hanyuma, niba hakekwa ko umwana afite autisme, muganga azakujyana mu itsinda ry’inzobere. Iri tsinda rishobora kuba ririmo abaganga b’indwara zo mu mutwe, abaganga b’indwara zo mu mutwe, abahanga mu by’imitekerereze n’abavuzi b’imitsi n’imivugire. Bazakoresha ibizamini bitandukanye n’isuzuma kugira ngo bamenye niba umwana afite autisme cyangwa indi ndwara.
Nubonana na muganga wawe, ntutindiganye kubaza ibi bibazo:
- "Muganga, wasuzumye uburyo umwana wanjye yumva?" Hari igihe ibibazo byo kumva bishobora gutera gutinda kuvuga . Bishobora kwitiranywa no kuba ufite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe.
- "Ese hari ibindi bizamini twagombye gukora?" Urugero, niba utuye mu rugo rwa kera kandi irangi ririmo gushwanyagurika, ushobora gusaba ko umwana wawe apimwa urugero rw'amaraso ye.
- "Ese nshobora kubonana n'inzobere kuri ibi?" Niba muganga wawe avuze ko umwana wawe afite autisme, ariko ukaba utarabonana n'inzobere, nka muganga w'indwara z'imitsi cyangwa inzobere mu ndwara zo mu mutwe, saba ko baguha uburenganzira bwo kugufasha. Ni ngombwa kubona amakuru arambuye.
- "Nubwo tutazi neza uko indwara imeze, ese dushobora gutangira kuyivura?" Akenshi igisubizo ni "yego." Niba umwana wawe afite ikibazo cyo kudakura neza, ushobora gutangira kuvura hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuvuga, uburyo bwo kuvura mu kazi, cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo kuvura udategereje kumenya niba impamvu ari autisme.cyangwa amahugurwa y'imibanire n'abandi. Ibi bizagirira akamaro umwana rwose.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Indwara ya Autism si indwara ifite ibimenyetso bimwe. Ni ubwoko butandukanye cyane bitewe n'umuntu ku giti cye.
- Hari izindi ndwara nyinshi z'ubuzima n'izo mu mutwe zigaragaza ibimenyetso bisa n'iby'indwara ya autisme.
- Ntukigere wifatira icyemezo cy'uko umwana wawe afite autisme ukurikije ibyo wasomye kuri interineti cyangwa ibyo wumva ku bandi. Gusuzuma neza ni ngombwa.
- Niba ufite impungenge ku myitwarire y'umwana wawe, shaka inama z'umuganga wujuje ibisabwa vuba. Niba bibaye ngombwa, ntutindiganye gusaba ubufasha bw'itsinda ry'inzobere.
- Gusuzuma neza no kuvurwa vuba bishobora guha umwana wawe ubufasha akeneye kugira ngo agire ubuzima bwiza.
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