Mhuka ine njodzi here? Ine chimbwamupengo here? Unotya chimbwamupengo here? Ngatikurukurei nezvazvo!

Tose tinoda mhuka, handiti? Asi dzimwe nguva, chimwe chinhu chidiki chinogona kuva dambudziko guru kana tisingafungi nezvazvo. Ndizvo zvinoreva chimbwamupengo. Kunyangwe kunzwa zita racho kunotyisa zvishoma, handiti? Asi kana uchiziva nezvazvo uye ukatora matanho anodiwa, hazvisi zvakaoma kuramba wakachengeteka zvachose kubva kuchirwere ichi chine njodzi. Saka, nhasi, ngatitaurei (Rabies) , kuti chinokanganisa sei miviri yedu, uye kuti tingazvidzivirira sei kubva kwachiri.

Chii chinonzi Rabies? Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore…

Chimbwamupengo chirwere chine njodzi zvikuru uye chinogona kuuraya. Chinokonzerwa nehutachiona hunonzi `(Rabies virus - RABV)`. Utachiona uhwu hunowanzo pinda mumiviri yedu kuburikidza nekubata mate emhuka ine chirwere ichi, kana nezvikamu zveuropi/tsinga. Kureva, pamwe kuburikidza nekukwenya, kurumwa, kana kuburikidza neronda reganda, kana kuburikidza nemukati memaziso, mhino, kana muromo.

Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti, kunyangwe chirwere cherabies chichiuraya, chirwere chinogona kudzivirirwa zvachose. Chinongoda matanho ekutanga.

Chirwere ichi chinogona kutapuriranwa kuvanhu uye kunyange kuzvipfuyo (zvakaita sembwa nekatsi) mudzimba dzedu, kunyanya kana mhuka ine chirwere ichiruma kana kukwenya ronda.

Chii chinoitika chaizvo kana ukabatwa nechirwere cherabies?

Fungidzira kuti warumwa nemhuka ine chimbwamupengo. Utachiona hwe "Rabies", huri mumate emhuka, hunopinda mumuviri wako neparonda. Zvadaro, hutachiona uhwu hunofamba zvishoma nezvishoma, asi zvishoma nezvishoma , huchifamba netsinga dzako, huchienda kunhengo dzetsinga dzako dzemukati, kureva uropi hwako nemuzongoza .

Dambudziko guru rinotanga kana hutachiona hwasvika muuropi. Ndipo panotanga kukuvara uropi, zvichikonzera zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvetsinga. Pakupedzisira, chirwere ichi chinogona kukonzera kukotama uye rufu. Ndosaka chiri nengozi zvikuru.

Dambudziko iri rakajairika zvakadii?

Pasi rose, vanhu vanopfuura hafu yemiriyoni, kana kuti vanhu vanosvika zviuru makumi mashanu nezvipfumbamwe, vanofa nechirwere cherabies gore rega rega. Asi munyika dzakadai seAmerica, izvi hazviwanzoitiki, vanhu vasingasviki vatatu vanochibata gore rega rega. Chikonzero cheizvi ndechekuti vanhu vazhinji vanobayiwa majekiseni mushure mekurumwa nemhuka. Munyika meduwo, kuziva nezveizvi uye kurapwa nekukurumidza kwakakosha zvikuru.

Ndiani anonyanya kubatwa nechirwere chemarabi?

Chirwere ichi chinowanikwa zvakanyanya kumaruwa eAsia neAfrica. Chinowanikwa mumakondinendi ese kunze kweAntarctica. MuUnited States, chinowanikwa zvakanyanya mumhuka dzesango. Zvisinei, mune dzimwe nyika dzakawanda, dzakadai seSri Lanka, chinowanzo paradzirwa nembwa. Vana vadiki vane mukana wekutapukirwa nechirwere ichi kupfuura vakuru, nekuti vanotamba nemhuka uye dzimwe nguva havanyatsonzwisisi njodzi yacho.

Matambudziko Anoita Chimbwamupengo Mumuviri Wedu

Rwendo rwehutachiona uhu kubva paronda kuenda kuuropi runoitika muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana. Ngationei kuti zvikamu izvozvo ndezvipi.

1. Nguva iyo hutachiona hunoramba huri mumuviri (Nguva yeIncubation)

Iyi ndiyo nguva inotora kuti hutachiona hupinde mumuviri uye huende kuhurongwa hwetsinga. Nguva iyi inogona kubva pamazuva mashoma kusvika kumavhiki mashoma, kana kutoti mwedzi. Munguva iyi, hapana zviratidzo. Zvisinei, kana kurapwa kukapihwa munguva iyi ye "incubation", kureva kuti, zviratidzo zvisati zvaonekwa, kukura kwechirwere cherabies kunogona kumiswa zvachose.

2. Danho reProdromal

Iye zvino vhairasi ye`(RABV)` inofamba nemasero etsinga yopinda muuropi nemumuzongoza. Painodaro, inokuvadza tsinga. Iyi `(Prodromal phase)` inotanga kana vhairasi yapinda mutsinga. Ipapo immune system yemuviri wedu inotanga kurwisa, izvo zvinogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvechikosoro chakadai sefivha nekurwadziwa kwemuviri . Zvakare, unogona kunzwa kusanzwa, kurwadziwa, uye kuvaviwa panzvimbo yekurumwa. Nguva iyi inogona kutora mazuva maviri kusvika gumi. Chinhu chinosuwisa ndechekuti, kana wasvika padanho iri, hapana mushonga unoshanda.

3. Danho repfungwa rakakomba

Panguva ino, hutachiona hwe'(Rabies)' hunotanga kukuvadza uropi nemusana. Panguva ino, zviratidzo zvinogona kuoneka nenzira mbiri huru:

• Hasha dzeRabies: Izvi zvinoitika muvanhu vanosvika zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu. Zvinokonzera kusagadzikana, hasha, pfari , uye kurasikirwa nepfungwa.
• Zvirwere zveParalytic Rabies: Izvi zvinogona kuitika kune vamwe vanhu. Muviri unooma uye hausisina hupenyu. Kazhinji zvinotangira panzvimbo yakurumwa uye zvozopararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

Chirwere chemarariya chinorwadza zvikuru chinogona kugara kwemazuva mashoma kusvika pasvondo. Chirwere chemarariya chinorema chinogona kugara kwemwedzi.

4. Nyika yeComa

Vanhu vazhinji vanowira mukoma pavanenge vava padanho rekupedzisira rechirwere ichi. Pakupedzisira, vanofa nechirwere cherabies.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zveRabies?

Utachiona uhwu hahuwanzo ratidza zviratidzo kwemavhiki akati wandei mushure mekunge hwapinda mumuviri. Zviratidzo zvakafanana nechando zvinoonekwa chete kana hutachiona hwasvika mutsinga dzemuviri (kureva, panguva ye 'prodromal phase'). Muzvikamu zvekupedzisira, zviratidzo zvine chekuita netsinga (uropi) zvinoonekwa.

Zviratidzo zveProdromal

• Kupindwa nechando
• Kuneta
• Kuzvimba kweronda rekurumwa nemhuka, kuvaviwa , kusanzwa , kurwadziwa
• Kukosora
• Huro inorwadza
• Kurwadziwa kwetsandanyama
• KusvotwaUye kurutsa
• Manyoka

Zviratidzo zvepfungwa zvakanyanya

Izvi zvinogona kuva "Hasha" kana "Kuoma Mutezo." Zviratidzo zvechirwere cherabies chakanyanya zvinogona kungoerekana zvabuda, zvopera mushure mechinguva, zvozodzoka.

Zviratidzo zveHasha dzeRabies

• Hunhu hwehasha uye husina kugadzikana
• Kusagadzikana
• Kubatwa nepfari
• Kufungidzira zvinhu zvisipo, kuona /kunzwa zvinhu zvisipo
• Kukwenya kwetsandanyama (Fasciculations)
• Kupindwa nechando
• Kurova kwemoyo nekukurumidza (Tachycardia)
• Kufema nekukurumidza (Hyperventilation)
• Kupisa mate zvakanyanya
• Musiyano muhukuru hwe iris yemaziso maviri (Anisocoria)
• Kuoma kwechiso
• Kutya mvura/kunwa mvura (Hydrophobia) - Ichi chiratidzo chikuru
• Aerophobia kutya mhepo kumeso.
• Kuvhiringidzika kwepfungwa

Zviratidzo zveMarwadzo eKuoma Mutezo

• Kupindwa nechando
• Musoro
• Kuoma kwemutsipa
• Kudzikira kwehuremu hwemuviri (kunyanya kutanga panzvimbo yakarumwa nemhuka uye kupararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri)
• Kushaya simba, kunzwa sekunge masvosve ari kukambaira
• Kuoma mitezo
• Nyika yeComa

Sei tichibatwa nechirwere cherabies?

Chikonzero cheizvi ivhairasi inonzi `(RABV)`. Vhairasi iyi inofamba netsinga dziri mumuviri wedu uye inokuvadza tsinga. Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti vhairasi iyi inovanda kubva kumasoja edu emuviri kusvika yasvika kuuropi. Inongoitika chete kana yasvika kuuropi apo inokuvadza uye pakupedzisira inouraya.

Chirwere cheRabies chinotapuriranwa sei?

Chirwere cheRabies chinowanikwa mumhuka dzine ropa rinodziya (mhuka dzinoyamwisa), kunyanya mumate adzo. Chinowanzo pararira kuburikidza nekurumwa nemhuka ine chirwere ichi.

Inowanikwa zvakanyanya mumhuka dzakadai sezviremwaremwa, skunk, raccoon, uye makava. Zvisinei, inogona kuwanikwawo muzvipfuyo zvakaita sembwa nekatsi. Chimbwa chinogona kubatwa kana kunyange ganda rako rikachekwa nemate emhuka ine chirwere ichi.

Kashoma, inotapuriranwawo panguva yekuisirwa nhengo (kupa nhengo).

Ndedzipi mhuka dzinonyanya kutapurira chirwere cherabies?

Inowanikwa zvakanyanya mumhuka dzesango, kunyanya zviremwaremwa. Munyika dzichiri kusimukira, kureva kuti, munyika dzakaita sedzedu, vanhu vazhinji vanobatwa nechirwere cherabies kubva kumbwa dziri mumba (kunyanya imbwa dzinongogara dziri kure).

Munyika dzakadai seAmerica, izvi zvinowanzokonzerwa nekurumwa neshamhu. Ronda rinokonzerwa nekurumwa neshamhu diki kwazvo, rakakura semuromo wepenzura. Saka dzimwe nguva hapana anoziva kuti shamhu yakarumwa. Nekuda kweizvozvo,Kana wakambosangana netsambo, kana kuti usina chokwadi chekuti wakarumwa here kana kuti kwete, unofanira kuona chiremba.

Vanachiremba vanoongorora sei chirwere cherabies? (Kuongororwa)

Kusiyana nezvimwe zvirwere, hazvina kunaka kumirira kusvika wava nezviratidzo kuti uzive chirwere cherabies. Kana wakarumwa kana kukwenywa nemhuka yemusango kana chipfuwo chaunofunga kuti chine chirwere cherabies, enda kuna chiremba nekukasika. Vachaongorora ronda rako, vobvunza mibvunzo, uye vosarudza kana uchida kurapwa chirwere cherabies.

Chiremba anogona kubvunza mibvunzo yakaita seiyi:

• Wakakuvara sei?
• Imhuka yerudzii yakangwarira kana kuti yakangwarira?
• Unogona kuongorora mhuka iyoyo kana kuiona kwemazuva mashoma here?

Kana mhuka inofungidzirwa kuti ine chirwere cherurindi, mhuka yacho inoonekwa kwemazuva angangoita gumi, kana zvichibvira, kana kuongororwa (kuti iongororwe, inofanira kuurayiwa).

Kuongororwa kwechirwere

Mushure mekuonekwa kwezviratidzo, bvunzo dzinotevera dzinogona kuitwa:

• Kuongororwa kwemate: Sampuro yemate inotorwa yotumirwa kurabhoritari kuti ionekwe zviratidzo zvechirwere cherabies.
• Kuongororwa kweganda: Kachikamu kadiki keganda kanotorwa kubva kumashure kwemutsipa koendeswa kurabhoritari.
• Kuongororwa kwemvura yemusana (Lumbar Puncture): Mvura iyi inotorwa kubva kumusana wepazasi netsono yoendeswa kunoongororwa.
• Kuongororwa kweropa: Sampuro yeropa inotorwa kuti iongororwe kana paine ma antibodies.
• Kuongororwa kwemagnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Kutora mifananidzo yeuropi kuti kubatsire kuwana chikonzero chezviratidzo.

Ndeipi mishonga yekurapa chimbwamupengo?

Hapana mushonga unobvumirwa wechirwere cherabies kana zviratidzo zvaonekwa. Ndosaka tichiti, kana uchifunga kuti ungave wakambobatwa nechirwere ichi (nekurumwa, kukwenywa, kana kusangana nemhuka inorwara), enda kuna chiremba nekukurumidza.

Geza ronda zvakanaka nesipo nemvura kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu . Kana zvichibvira, shandisa 10% povidone-iodine solution. Bvunza chiremba wako kuti akupe mamwe mazano ekuchenesa ronda.

Chiremba achakupa majekiseni akasiyana-siyana ekudzivirira chirwere cherabies chinokonzerwa nehutachiona hwerabies. Kana usati wambobatwa jekiseni rerabies, uchapihwawo mushonga wekudzivirira chirwere zvakananga paronda.

Mishonga yekubata munhu anofungidzirwa kuti abatwa

Izvi zvinonzi post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Mishonga iyi inomisa hutachiona kusvika kuuropi.

• Mushonga wekurwisa chimbwamupengo:Madhigiri mana anopiwa mukati memazuva gumi nemana. Kana wakambopihwa mushonga wekudzivirira chirwere usati wasangana nechirwere, madhigiri maviri chete ndiwo anopiwa. Mushonga uyu unodzidzisa muviri wako kuparadza hutachiona hwechimbwa usati wasvika kuuropi hwako.
• Human rabies immune globulin (HRIG): Iyi inopihwa yakatenderedza ronda. HRIG inopa ma antibodies zvakananga mumuviri wako kuti auraye hutachiona huri pedyo neronda kusvika masoja emuviri wako atanga kushanda. HRIG haipiwi kana wakambobayiwa majekiseni kare.

Migumisiro yekurapwa

Majekiseni eRabies anogona kukonzera migumisiro midiki:

• Kurwadziwa, kuvaviwa, kuzvimba panzvimbo yekubaiwa jekiseni
• Kusvotwa
• Musoro
• Kurwadziwa kwetsandanyama
• Dzungu

Kana uine migumisiro yakaipa, udza chiremba wako.

Ndingaitei kana ndikakuvara nemhuka yakandiruma kana kundikwenya?

• Geza ronda racho zvakanaka nesipo nemvura inoyerera (kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu kana zvichibvira). Kana zvichibvira, shandisa 10% `Povidone-iodine` solution.
• Bata chiremba kana hofisi yehutano yeruzhinji yemuno nekukurumidza. Tsanangura zvakaitika uye ipa ruzivo rwese rwaunoziva nezvemhuka iyi (yaiva mhuka yemusango here? Yaiva chipfuwo here? Imhuka yerudzii? Yaiita sei?).
• Bvunza chiremba kuti ungachenesa sei ronda zvakanaka uye kana mushonga wechirwere cherabies uchidikanwa.
• Kana mhuka yemusango ine hasha ikarwisa, zivisai varidzi vemhuka.

Sei pasina mushonga wechirwere cherabies?

Hapana mushonga wechirwere cherabies kana hutachiona hwasvika muuropi, nekuti hunodzivirirwa neropa-uropi .

"Chidziviriro cheropa neuropi" iganda rinodzivirira pakati peuropi hwako netsinga dzeropa dziri mumusoro mako. Rakaita sesefa yakanaka. Rinodzivisa chepfu nezvinhu zvine njodzi kupinda muuropi hwako kubva muropa rako.

Kunyange hazvo vaongorori vasati vava nechokwadi, hutachiona hwechimbwa hunowedzera kusimbisa hutachiona uhwu zvakanyanya, saka mishonga inogona kuuraya hutachiona haigone kupinda muuropi.

Ungazvidzivirira sei kubva kuRabies? (Kudzivirira)

Chirwere cheRabies chinogona kudzivirirwa zvachose.

• Iva nechokwadi chekuti mhuka dzako dzinovaraidza (imbwa, katsi) dzave neruzivo rwechizvino-zvino pamusoro pemajekiseni adzo ekurwisa chimbwamupengo.
• Usarega mhuka dzako dzichibuda dzoga pasina mumwe munhu anodzitarisira.
• Usabata mhuka dzesango. Usabata mhuka dzakakuvara kana kuedza kubata mhuka dzesango.
• Kana paine chiremwaremwa mukamuri maakarara munhu, fungidzira kuti munhu wacho akarumwa nechiremwaremwa. Kurumwa nechiremwaremwa kudiki kwazvo uye kunopera nekukurumidza. Saka ona chiremba.
• Kana uchifunga kuti ungangove wakarumwa kana kukwenywa nemhuka yemusango kana kuti wakambosangana nechirwere cherabies, enda kuna chiremba nekukasika.
• Kana uri panjodzi huru yekubatwa nechirwere cherabies (senge vanachiremba vemhuka, vakuru vekuchengetedza mhuka), zvakanaka kuti uwane mishonga yakawanda yekudzivirira chirwere usati wabatwa nechirwere (Pre-exposure prophylaxis - PREP).

Kudzivirira Kupararira Kwechirwere (Pre-exposure Prophylaxis)

Kana uri panjodzi huru yekubatwa nechirwere cherabies, zvakanaka kuti ubayiwe majekiseni usati wabatwa. Izvi zvinonzi ``Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PREP)``. Iyi ijekiseni mbiri dzakatevedzana. Kangani kaunoda jekiseni re``Booster`` zvinoenderana nenjodzi yako.

Vanhu vari panjodzi huru:

• Vanhu vanoshanda nemhuka dzesango kana dzepamba (varapi vemhuka, vakuru vemhuka dzesango, vachengeti vemhuka).
• Vanhu vanowanzoenda kunzvimbo dzinogara zviremwaremwa nemapako.
• Vanhu vanoshanda mumarabhoritari anoshanda nehutachiona hwechimbwamupengo.
• Vanhu vanofamba vachienda kunzvimbo dzine chirwere cherabies chinowanikwa nembwa.

Chii chaungatarisira kana ukabatwa nechirwere cherabies?

Kana ukabatwa nechirwere cherabies, unofanira kubaiwa majekiseni mushure memavhiki maviri. Majekiseni aya anogona kukonzera migumisiro midiki, senge kurwadziwa panzvimbo yekubaiwa jekiseni uye kusagadzikana.

Unogona kurarama nechirwere cherabies here?

Ehe, chimbwamupengo chinogona kudzivirirwa kana ukawana kurapwa mukati memazuva mashoma mushure mekusangana nacho, zviratidzo zvisati zvaonekwa. Zvisinei, kana wangove nechimbwamupengo, zvichireva kuti wava nezviratidzo, hapana mushonga unoshanda. Pasina kubaiwa jekiseni nekukurumidza uye kurapwa nemishonga, chimbwamupengo chinowanzo uraya.

Unogona kurarama kwenguva yakareba sei nechirwere cherabies?

Vanhu vanogona kuramba vasina zviratidzo kwemavhiki, kunyange mwedzi, mushure mekusangana nechirwere ichi. Zvisinei, rufu runoitika mukati memazuva mashoma kubva pakutanga kwezviratidzo.

Unofanira kutsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba riini kana wakakuvara nekurumwa nemhuka kana kuti wakambobatwa nechirwere cherabies?

Inofanira kutorwa nekukasika. Kusangana nechirwere cherabies idambudziko guru.

Kana zvakadaro, enda kuna chiremba nekukurumidza sezvinobvira:

• Kana ukakuvara nemhuka yemusango, senge kurumwa kana kukwenywa.
• Kana ukarumwa kana kukwenywa nemhuka yaunofunga kuti ine chirwere cherabies.
• Kana paine chiremwaremwa mukamuri maive makarara munhu.
• Kana uchifunga kuti ungangove wakambosangana nechirwere cherabies neimwe nzira.

Gadzirira kupindura mibvunzo yakaita sekuti wakakuvara sei, kuti mhuka yacho yaiva yerudzii, uye kana uchikwanisa kuona mhuka yacho kwemazuva mashoma.

Ndinofanira kuenda kuEmergency Room riini?

Kana ronda rakadzika, kana kubuda ropa kusingamire, kana ronda riri pachiso kana pamutsipa, enda kuchipatara nekukurumidza.

Mibvunzo ipi yandinofanira kubvunza chiremba?

• Ndeipi nzira yakanakisisa yekuchenesa ronda?
• Ndinofanira kubaiwa nhomba here nekuti ndakambobatwa nechirwere cherabies?
• Purogiramu yangu yekubaiwa nhomba yakaita sei?
• Chii chinoitika kana ndichifanira kuwana mushonga wekudzivirira chirwere ichi rimwe zuva?
• Ndiri panjodzi yakakura yekubatwa nechirwere cherabies here?
• Ndinofanira here kuenda kuchirongwa chekudzivirira chirwere (pre-exposure prophylaxis)?

Imbwa dzese dzine chirwere cherabies here?

Chimbwamupengo chinowanikwa mumbwa dziri kusimukira muAsia neAfrica. Zvisinei, munyika dzakabudirira dzakadai seUnited States, Canada, neWestern Europe, chimbwamupengo hachiwanzoonekwa mumbwa dzinochengetwa pamba. Munyika medu, zvakakosha kungwarira imbwa dzisina kurara nembwa dzisina kubayiwa majekiseni nemazvo.

Pakupedzisira, zvinhu zvekurangarira (Mharidzo Yekuenda Kumba)

Chimbwamupengo chirwere chakakomba zvikuru, chinowanzo uraya. Asi, nerombo rakanaka, chinogona kudzivirirwa zvachose kana chikarapwa nekukasika. Kana uchifunga kuti wakarumwa nemhuka uye wakambosangana nechimbwamupengo , usazeza kuona chiremba nekukasika. Zvichakubatsira kuponesa hupenyu hwako. Usakanganwa kubaya mhuka dzako nhomba nenguva.