Ngatidzidzei zvakawanda nezvetsinga dzemapapu dzinopa mwoyo wako chikafu.

Tose tinoziva kukosha kwemoyo wedu. Asi tinofunga zvakanyanya nezvetsinga diki dzinobatana nemoyo uye dzinobatsira kuti ushande zvakanaka here? Nhasi tichataura nezverudzi rwetsinga inoita basa rakakosha kudaro, ichiunza ropa rakachena rakazadzwa neokisijeni kubva mumapapu edu kuenda kumoyo. Idzi dzinonzi tsinga dzemapapu, kana kuti muchirungu `(Pulmonary Veins)`.

Chii chinonzi Pulmonary Veins?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, mitsipa yemapapu ndiyo mitsipa yeropa inotakura ropa rine oxygen kubva kumapapu kuenda kuruboshwe rwemoyo wako. Basa guru remitsipa iyi nderekutakura ropa rine oxygen kudzokera kumoyo wako mushure mekunge oxygen inopinda mumapapu ako paunofema yawedzerwa muropa rako.

Mitsipa iyi yemapapu ndeyechikamu chemapapu chemuviri wedu. Iyi inzira yakakosha zvikuru. Ndiyo inotakura ropa richidzokera shure pakati pemoyo nemapapu. Chikamu ichi chinosanganisira mitsipa yemapapu pamwe netsinga dzemapapu.

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati petsinga dzemapapu netsinga dzemapapu?

Zvino ungafunga kuti zviviri izvi zvakafanana, handiti? Asi pane musiyano mukuru pakati pezviviri izvi.

1. Rudzi rweropa rinotakurwa:

• Mitsipa yeropa inotakura ropa rine oxygen shoma uye carbon dioxide yakawanda. Izvi zvinoreva kuti ropa rinotakurwa kubva pamwoyo kuenda kumapapu kuburikidza netsinga idzi, uko rinocheneswa.
• Mitsipa yemapapu inotakura ropa idzva rine okisijeni yakawanda. Izvi zvinoreva kuti ropa rakacheneswa mumapapu rinodzoserwa kumoyo kuburikidza netsinga idzi.

2. Kufamba kweropa:

• Tsinga yemapapu inotakura ropa kubva pamoyo kuenda kumapapu .
• Tsinga dzemapapu dzinotakura ropa kubva kumapapu kuenda kumoyo .

Funga nezvazvo senzvimbo yekuchenesa (mapapu). Chinoitika pano ndechekuti zvinhu zvakasviba (ropa risina mweya) zvinotorwa nenzira imwe (tsinga), zvinocheneswa (zvakaiswa mweya), uye zvinodzoserwa panzvimbo huru (mwoyo) neimwe nzira (tsinga).

Chii chakakosha pamusoro petsinga dzakajairika kana tichienzanisa nedzimwe tsinga?

Iyi ipfungwa inokosha zvikuru. Kazhinji, dzimwe tsinga dzose dziri mumuviri wedu dzine ropa risina mweya, kana kuti rakashandiswa. Asi tsinga yemapapu ndiyo yega mhando yetsinga mumuviri wedu inotakura ropa rakachena, rine mweya.

Uyewo, tsinga dzemapapu dzakasiyana nedzimwe tsinga. Kazhinji, tsinga dzinotakura ropa rine oxygen yakawanda. Asi tsinga dzemapapu chete ndidzo dzinotakura ropa risina oxygen yakawanda.

Izvi zvinoreva kuti, pulmonary circuit iyi isystem yakakosha kwazvo mumuviri wedu! Mitsipa yeropa iri mairi inoshanda zvakasiyana zvishoma nemirairo yenguva dzose.

Asi pane chinhu chimwe chete chakafanana mutsinga dzese netsinga dzese. Ndiyo nzira iyo ropa rinoyerera nayo. Tsinga dzemapapu, sedzimwe tsinga dzese, dzinotakura ropa kuenda kumoyo. Tsinga dzemapapu, sedzimwe tsinga dzese, dzinotakura ropa kubva mumoyo. Wanzwisisa here?

Kazhinji pane mitsipa mingani yemapapu inowanikwa?

Vanhu vazhinji (vanenge 60% kusvika 70%) vane mitsipa mina. Vamwe vanogona kunge vaine mitatu kana kunyange mishanu. Kusiyana kwenhamba iyi hakukonzeri matambudziko ehutano. Uku kungori kusiyana kwemaumbirwo emuviri, ndiko kuzvarwa kwavanoitwa nevamwe vanhu vane mitsipa yakasiyana zvishoma nezvinoonekwa nemasayendisiti se "zvakajairika."

Basa retsinga dzemapapu nderei?

Mitsipa yemapapu inounganidza ropa rine okisijeni kubva mumapapu yoriendesa kumoyo. Moyo wobva wapomba ropa iroro kune dzimwe nhengo dzese nematishu.

Fungidzira muviri wako wese seguta guru. Mwoyo ndiwo musimboti mukuru wemagetsi weguta iroro. Saka mitsipa iyi yemapupa yakafanana nemapaipi makuru anounza 'okisijeni' yakacheneswa kubva mumapapu kuenda kusimende iyoyo. Kana mapaipi aya akarega kushanda kunyangwe kwechinguva, moyo hauzowani okisijeni itsva. Ipapo moyo hauzokwanisi kupa simba rinodiwa mumuviri wese.

Saka, tsinga dzemapapu chikamu chakakosha chemoyo, chinokosha kuti mwoyo uite basa rawo nemazvo. Uye nekuti dzinoshanda nemazvo, muviri wedu wese unoramba uine hutano.

Mutsinga uyu wakajairika uri kupi?

Mitsipa yemapapu iri pakati pemapapu ako nemoyo wako. Mitsipa yemapapu inoumbwa nekubatana kwetsinga zhinji dzeropa kubva kumapapu ako ekurudyi nekuruboshwe. Mitsipa miviri yega yega inobuda mumapapu panzvimbo inonzi hilum, kana kuti "mudzi," wemapapu. Kubva ipapo, mitsipa iyi inofamba ichienda kumoyo uye inosangana neatrium yekuruboshwe, imba yepamusoro yemoyo. Atrium yekuruboshwe ndiyo imba yepamusoro yekuruboshwe yemoyo.

Chii chinonzi chimiro chetsinga dzemapapu?

Vanhu vazhinji vane mitsipa mina yemapapu, miviri pamapapu .

• Mutsinga wemapapu werudyi uri pamusoro: Uyu unotakura ropa kubva kuchikamu chepamusoro nechepakati chemapapu ako ekurudyi.
• Mutsinga wemapapu uri pasi perudyi: Izvi zvinoburitsa ropa kubva muchikamu chezasi chemapapu ako ekurudyi.
• Tsinga yemapapu iri kuruboshwe: Iyi inotakura ropa kubva pamusoro pemapapu ako ekuruboshwe uye mutauro ("rurimi" chikamu chemapapu ekuruboshwe).
• Tsinga yemapapu iri pasi peruboshwe:Izvi zvinounza ropa kubva kuchikamu chezasi chemapapu ako ekuruboshwe.

"Superior" zvinoreva pamusoro. "Inferior" zvinoreva pazasi. Saka zita retsinga yega yega rinokuudza kuti inopa ropa kumapapu api uye kuti riri sei.

Kazhinji, tsinga yega yega yemapapu inosangana zvakananga neatrium yekuruboshwe. Atrium yekuruboshwe ine mikova mina inonzi ostia, imwe chete yetsinga yega yega. Ropa rine oxygen rinopinda muatrium yekuruboshwe kuburikidza nemikova iyi. Kubva ipapo, ropa rinoenda kuventricle yekuruboshwe, kubva ipapo rinopombwa kuenda kune imwe nhengo yemuviri kuburikidza neaorta .

Ndedzipi shanduko dzemuviri dzinowanikwa mutsinga dzemapapu?

Kune misiyano yakati wandei muchimiro chetsinga dzemapapu dzinogona kuonekwa. Mimwe misiyano inokanganisa huwandu hwetsinga dzemapapu dzaunadzo uye nzira yadzinopinda nayo kuruboshwe rweatrium. Idzi misiyano ine hutano, isingakuvadzi.

Zvisinei, kune dzimwe shanduko dzinotadzisa tsinga dzemapapu kutakura ropa zvakanaka kuenda kuruboshwe. Shanduko idzi dzinokanganisa mashandiro emwoyo uye dzinogona kutoisa upenyu panjodzi.

Shanduko dzisina njodzi

Vanhu vanosvika 38% vane shanduko diki dzisingakuvadzi mumaumbirwo etsinga dzemapapu. Izvi zvinokanganisa saizi yetsinga uye nzira yadzinobatana nayo neatrium yekuruboshwe. Mimwe mienzaniso ndeiyi:

• Hurukuro yekuruboshwe: Apa ndipo apo tsinga mbiri dzekuruboshwe dzinobatana kuti dzigadzire hurukuro imwe chete inobatanidza neatrium yekuruboshwe. Kureva kuti, panzvimbo pekuti tsinga mbiri dzekuruboshwe dzitakure ropa kuenda kuatrium yekuruboshwe dzakasiyana, dzinosangana dzotakura ropa nepaburi rimwe chete. Uku ndiko kusiyana kunowanzoitika.
• Tsinga yemapapu yekurudyi: Panyaya iyi, pamusoro petsinga mbiri dzakajairika dziri kurudyi, imwe tsinga inoumbwa, iyo inobatanidzawo neatrium yekuruboshwe zvakasiyana. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kune tsinga nhatu dziri kurudyi.

Pasinei nekuchinja uku, tsinga dzinoita basa radzo nemazvo. Nekuti mukuchinja uku kwese, ropa rine oxygen rinosvika kuruboshwe. Kubva ipapo, rinoenda kuruboshwe rwemuviri zvakanaka uye rinoenda kumuviri wese. Saka hapana chekunetseka nazvo.

Shanduko dzinokanganisa mashandiro emoyo

Pane zvimwe zvinochinja zvinodzivirira tsinga dzemapapu kutakura ropa rine oxygen kuenda kuruboshwe. Izvi zvinotadzisa mwoyo kuita basa rawo nemazvo.

Izvi zvirema zvemwoyo zvekuzvarwa nazvo . Kazhinji, zvinoonekwa pakuzvarwa, asi dzimwe nguva zvinowanikwa pazera diki kana kuti pakukura.

• Kudzoka kwetsinga dzemumapapu kusingawanzoitiki (TAPVR):Muvana vane chirwere ichi, tsinga dzemapapu hadzibatanidzwe neatrium yekuruboshwe. Asi, dzinobatanidzwa neatrium yekurudyi. Chinoitika ndechekuti ropa rine oxygen yakawanda rinofanira kunge richienda kuruboshwe rinosanganiswa neropa risina oxygen yakakwana kurudyi. Ichi chirwere chakakomba chinoda kuvhiyiwa.
• Kudzoka kweropa mutsinga dzemapapu zvisina kujairika (PAPVR): Vana vane chirwere ichi vane tsinga imwe chete yemapapu yakabatana neatrium yekuruboshwe. Izvi zvinoita kuti ropa rakapfuma muokisijeni riyerere mumuviri. Vana ava vangangodawo kurapwa, asi hazvina kukosha seTAPVR.

Vacheche vane `(TAPVR)` kana `(PAPVR)` vanowanzova neburi mumoyo rinonzi `(Atrial Septal Defect).` Buri iri rinoponesa hupenyu. Nekuti rinogadzira nzira yekuti ropa riyerere kubva paatrium yekurudyi yemwana kuenda kuatrium yekuruboshwe. Kunyangwe huwandu hweokisijeni muropa iri hwakaderera, zvakakwana kuchengetedza mwana ari mupenyu kusvika kurapwa kwawanikwa.

Tsinga yemapapu yakakura sei? Yakagadzirwa nei?

Upamhi (hwakapinza) hwetsinga yemapapu ine hutano huri pakati pemamirimita 9 ne13. Tsinga idzi dzinochinja-chinja pahupamhi padzinofamba kubva kumapapu kuenda kumoyo. Kazhinji, tsinga inokura painoswedera pedyo nemoyo. Tsinga yemapapu iri kuruboshwe isinganyanyi kukosha. Inokura painobuda mumapapu, asi inotetepa zvishoma painoswedera pedyo nemoyo.

Kufanana nedzimwe tsinga dzedu, tsinga yemapapu inoumbwa nezvikamu zvitatu zvenyama nefiber :

• Tunica adventitia (chikamu chekunze): Izvi zvinopa tsinga chimiro chayo nechimiro chayo.
• Tunica media (chikamu chepakati): Iyi ine masero emhasuru akatsetseka. Masero aya anobatsira tsinga kukura nekukotama sezvo ropa richiyerera nepakati payo.
• Tunica intima (chikamu chemukati): Ichi chine jira rakagadzirwa nemasero endothelial akatsetseka. Izvi zvinobvumira ropa kufamba nemutsinga pasina chipingamupinyi.

Kusiyana nedzimwe tsinga, tsinga dzemapapu dzakafukidzwa zvishoma nechikamu chetsandanyama yemoyo chinonzi myocardial layer . Izvi zvakaita se "sleeve" yakagadzirwa netsinga dzemwoyo. Iri pedyo nenzvimbo iyo tsinga inosangana neatrium yekuruboshwe. Chibato ichi chakareba zvishoma mutsinga dzemapapu dziri pamusoro kupfuura mutsinga dziri pasi.

Ndezvipi zvirwere zvinowanzoitika zvinokanganisa tsinga dzemapapu?

Kune zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kukanganisa tsinga dzemapapu. Ngationei kuti ndezvipi:

• Kupinda kwetsinga dzemapapu muropa (PAPVR): Sezvatakambotaura, tsinga imwe kana dzakawanda dzemapapu hadzina kubatana neatrium yekuruboshwe.
• Kuvharika kwetsinga dzemapapu:Kuvharika kwetsinga. Izvi zvinowanzoitika kana bundu, rakaita seriri mumoyo kana mumapapu, rikapararira kuenda mutsinga.
• Kuoma kwetsinga dzemapapu: Kutetepa kwetsinga imwe kana kupfuura. Muvana vacheche, izvi zvinowanzokonzerwa nezvirwere zvemwoyo zvekuzvarwa nazvo. Muvanhu vakuru, dzimwe nguva zvinogona kuitika semhedzisiro ye catheter radiofrequency ablation, kurapwa kwechirwere chinonzi atrial fibrillation .
• Kuputika kwetsinga dzemapapu: Kuumbwa kweropa rakagwamba mukati metsinga. Izvi zvinowanzoonekwa muvanhu vane kenza yemapapu kana avo vakamboisirwa mapapu.
• Kukwira kweropa mutsinga dzemapapu: Kukwira kweropa mutsinga dzemapapu. Chikonzero chikuru cheizvi kutadza kushanda kwemoyo kuruboshwe. Zvimwe zvikonzero zvinosanganisira bundu remwoyo uye mitral valve stenosis.
• Kudzoka kwetsinga dzemumapapu kusingawanzoitiki (TAPVR): Hapana tsinga dzemumapapu dzinobatana neatrium yekuruboshwe. Izvi zvinoonekwawo pakuzvarwa.

Chii chiri hukama huripo pakati peatrial fibrillation ne pulmonary veins?

Kupera kweropa muropa, kana kuti `(Atrial Fibrillation - A-Fib)` ipfungwa yemoyo isina kujairika. Inotangira mutsinga dzemapapu, kana padzinobatana neatrium yekuruboshwe. Kunyange zvazvo `(A-Fib)` ichigona kutanga mutsinga dzemapapu, inowanzobatanidzwa mutsinga dzemapapu dzekuruboshwe dziri pamusoro.

Vanachiremba vanoshandisa nzira inonzi pulmonary vein isolation kurapa A-Fib, iyo inosanganisira kushandisa catheter.

Nzira yekutarisa hutano hwetsinga dzemapapu?

Vanachiremba vanoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuongorora kuti vaone hutano hwetsinga dzemapapu. Dzimwe dzacho dzinosanganisira:

• X-ray yechipfuva
• Echocardiography
• Kufungidzira Magadzirirwo Emagineti (MRI)
• Kuskena kweComputed Tomography (CT scan)

Saka, tinofanira kutarisira sei tsinga dzedu? Mharidzo Yekuenda Kumba

Tsinga dzakafanana nedzinoshanda mumiviri yedu. Dzinoshanda nemazvo, ndosaka muviri wedu wese uine hutano uye wakasimba.

Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti kana chiremba aona kuti une chirwere chetsinga dzemapapu, iva nechokwadi chekutevedzera mirairo yavo nemazvo.

Matambudziko mazhinji etsinga dzeropa anokonzerwa nemamwe matambudziko ehutano. Saka, zvakakosha kurapa dambudziko riripo uye kurichengetedza pasi pekutarisirwa nachiremba nguva dzose. Bvunza chiremba wako nezvezvinhu zvaunogona kuita kumba kuti ugadzirise dambudziko rako uye kuderedza zviratidzo.

Yeuka kuti tsinga dzemapapu dzako chikamu chakakosha chemuviri wako chinopa hupenyu hutsva kumoyo wako nemuviri wese. Saka zvakakosha kuti uzvitarisirewo.

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