Ngatidzidzei nezveMuongorori wezvirwere: gamba risingazivikanwe rinokubatsira kuona chirwere chako nemazvo!

Paunoenda kunoona chiremba, vanokukumbira kuti uite mimwe miedzo, yakadai sekuongororwa ropa uye kuongororwa weti. Vanogona kutotora sampuli diki yemuviri wako. Saka wakambozvibvunza here kuti ndiani ari kuita bvunzo idzi, kuverenga mishumo, uye kuona kuti une chirwere chipi chaizvo? Kunyangwe tisingawanzo sangana nevanhu ava zvakananga, kune boka revanachiremba vane hunyanzvi vanoshanda semagamba asingazivikanwe ehurongwa hwedu hwehutano. Ndivo vatinodaidza kuti vanachiremba vezvirwere . Nhasi, tichataura nezvevanachiremba ava vakakosha.

Ndiani Muongorori wezvirwere? Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore...

Muchidimbu, chiremba wezvirwere chiremba akadzidza zvakanyanya. Nyanzvi yavo yekudzidza zvirwere vachishandisa nyama dzevanhu (kureva nhengo dzemuviri), ropa, weti, nedzimwe mvura dzemuviri. Ndivo vanopa ruzivo nenhungamiro inodiwa kuti vaongorore chirwere, vachichirapa, vatarise kufambira mberi kwacho (kutarisa), uye vafanotaura ramangwana racho (kufanotaura chirwere). Tsvagiridzo yavo inotibatsira kunzwisisa zviri nani marudzi ese ezvirwere.

Vanachiremba vezvirwere vanounganidza ruzivo urwu nekutarisa sampuli dzenyama, masero, uye mvura yemuviri pasi pemaikorosikopu. Vanoedzawo sampuli idzi vachishandisa michina, yakaita seyekuongorora ropa.

Saka chii chinonzi pathology?

Pathology inyaya yekudzidza zvinokonzera chirwere uye mhedzisiro yezvirwere izvozvo panhengo dzemuviri wako padanho remasero . Kureva kuti, inotarisa mashandiro anoita chirwere mumuviri uye zvinoitika kumasero.

Pane hunyanzvi hwakasiyana pakati pevanachiremba vezvirwere here?

Ehe, zvechokwadi! Vanachiremba vezvirwere vanogonawo hunyanzvi munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Funga nezvazvo sekuva nevanachiremba vakasiyana vezvirwere zvakasiyana. Heano mimwe mienzaniso:

Nyanzvi yezvekurapa ropa/kuisirwa ropa

Nyanzvi iyi ine basa rekuchengetedza ropa riri muchipatara. Vanoita shuwa kuti kupa ropa kwakachengeteka uye kuti kuwedzerwa ropa (kuisirwa ropa munhengo dzemuviri) kwaitwa nemazvo. Vanogadzirirawo zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zveropa, zvakaita se "plasma" kana "masero matsvuku eropa", uye vanopa varwere sezvinodiwa.

Nyanzvi yemakemikari

Nyanzvi iyi inodzidza nezve biochemistry yemuviri wemunhu . Kureva kuti, vanotarisa kuti maitiro emakemikari emuviri anokanganisa sei zvinokonzera uye kufambira mberi kwezvirwere .

Chiremba wezvirwere zvemachubhu

Ava ndivo.Nyanzvi dzinodzidza masero kuti dziongorore zvirwere. Muenzaniso unozivikanwa zvikuru ndewekuongororwa kwemasero muPap smear yekenza yemumuromo wechibereko. Nyaya yecytopathology inowanzobatanidzwa nekuongororwa kwekenza.

Chiremba weganda

Sezvinoreva zita racho, nyanzvi iyi yakadzidziswa zvakanyanya kuongorora nekutarisa zvirwere zveganda . Kana uine chimwe chinhu chisingawanzoitika paganda rako, chiremba werudzi urwu ndiye anogona kutora sampuli diki yacho oiongorora.

Nyanzvi yezvekurapa yeForensic

Pamwe wakamboona vanhu ava mumafirimu. Ava ndivo nyanzvi dzinoongorora nekuongorora rufu rwevanhu vanofa kamwe kamwe, vanofungira, uye vane chisimba, pamwe chete nedzimwe nyaya dzerufu dzinotsanangurwa nemutemo.

Chiremba wezvirwere zveropa

Nyanzvi iyi inyanzvi muzvirwere zvinokanganisa masero eropa, kugwinha kweropa, mupfupa, uye lymph nodes . Vanotsvaga matambudziko muropa, akadai seleukemia.

Nyanzvi yezvehutachiona hwezvirwere

Ava ndivo vanhu vanoziva tupukanana (mabhakitiriya, mavhairasi, nezvimwewo) tunokonzera zvirwere zvinotapukira. Kana uine fivha, nyanzvi yerudzi urwu inokubatsira kuziva kana inokonzerwa nemabhakitiriya kana vhairasi.

Nyanzvi yezvirwere zvemamorekuru

Nyanzvi iyi inopa ruzivo nezve chimiro, mashandiro, uye shanduko (kuchinja) mumajini . Vanoshandisa matekiniki emurabhoritari kubatsira kuongorora , kurapa, uye kufanotaura mafambiro ezvirwere zvemajini mune ramangwana.

Chiremba wepfungwa

Nyanzvi iyi yakadzidziswa zvakanyanya kuongorora zvirwere zvinokanganisa tsinga dzako netsandanyama dzemapfupa . Vanotarisa zvirwere zveuropi, musana, netsandanyama.

Chiremba wezvirwere zvevana

Vanhu ava vane hunyanzvi mukuongorora zvirwere zvinoitika panguva yekukura kwemwana ari mudumbu, paucheche, uye pahudiki kuburikidza nekuongororwa kwemurabhoritari. Vanodzidza zvakadzama zvirwere zvakanangana nevana vadiki.

Chiremba wezvirwere zvekuvhiya

Nyanzvi iyi inodzidza nyama dzinobviswa navanachiremba panguva yekuvhiyiwa, zvichibatsira kuona chirwere chacho uye kugadzira hurongwa hwekurapa. Semuenzaniso, panguva yekuvhiyiwa kubvisa bundu rekenza, chiremba wezvirwere anogona kutarisa nyama yacho nemaikorosikopu nekukasika oudza chiremba kana nyama dzakawanda (semuenzaniso, lymph nodes) dzichifanira kubviswa. Izvi zvinobatsira murwere zvikuru.

Chii chaizvo chinoitwa nenyanzvi yezvirwere?

Basa guru renyanzvi yezvirwere nderekushandisa bvunzo dzemurabhoritari uye matekiniki ekuona kana paine chirwere mumatishu uye mvura inotorwa mumuviri wako. Vanogona kuita izvi nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Mabasa avo akakosha munzvimbo dzese dzekurapa, dzakadai sekudzidza nezvegomarara (oncology), kudzidza nezvemasoja emuviri (immunology), uye majini.

Vanachiremba vezvirwere ndivo nhengo dzinokosha dzechikwata chehutano. Vanoshanda pamwe chete nevamwe vanopa hutano, vakaita sevanachiremba veX-ray, vanachiremba veOncologist, vanachiremba veHematology, uye vanachiremba vekuvhiya. Vanobatsira:

• Kuongorora chirwere: Nyanzvi dzezvirwere dzinowanzo batanidzwa mukuongorora chirwere. Semuenzaniso, nyanzvi yezvirwere inogona kuongorora sampuli yenyama yemuviri kana mvura kuti ione kana ine hutachiona kana mabhakitiriya. Ndivo vanobatanidzwa muhuwandu hwakawanda hwekuongororwa kwegomarara.
• Kurudzira nzira dzekurapa: Nyanzvi yezvirwere inogona kukurudzira mushonga unorwisa mabhakitiriya chaiwo kurapa hutachiona hwebhakitiriya, kana kusarudza kana uchida kurapwa nemwaranzi, chemotherapy, kana kuvhiyiwa kwegomarara.
• Tarisa zvirwere zviri kuitika: Semuenzaniso, nyanzvi yezvirwere inogona kuongorora ropa kuti iongorore kukura kwezvirwere zvinotapukira muropa zvakaita sehepatitis B.
• Taura nezveramangwana rechirwere ichi: Mune zvimwe zvirwere, zvakaita seleukemia, kuchinja kwemajini kunogona kuchinja zvikuru mafambiro echirwere mune ramangwana. Nyanzvi dzezvirwere dzinogona kuona shanduko idzi dzemajini nekuita bvunzo dzemajini pamiviri.

Zvichienzaniswa nevamwe vanachiremba, vanachiremba vezvirwere vanowanzo sangana nevarwere zvishoma. Kunyangwe vachiita basa guru pakuongorora zvirwere, havasi ivo vanokuudza chirwere chako. Nyanzvi yakaraira bvunzo, semuenzaniso chiremba wezvekudya kana chiremba wevakadzi, ichakuudza chirwere ichi zvichibva paruzivo rwuri mumushumo wechiremba wezvirwere.

Zvisinei, vamwe vanachiremba, vakaita sevanachiremba vezvirwere vanoshanda mumabhangi eropa uye mumabasa ekuwedzera ropa, vanosangana nevarwere zuva nezuva.

Nyanzvi dzezvirwere dzinoitawo basa rakakosha mukutsvagisa kwezvekurapa. Dzinoshanda kugadzira mishonga mitsva yekurwisa kana kudzivirira mavhairasi, hutachiona, nezvirwere. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kufambira mberi kwezvekurapa zvakaita semajekiseni matsva uye mishonga yakanangana.

Nyanzvi yezvirwere zvepfungwa chiremba here?

Ehe, nyanzvi yezvirwere zvechokwadi chiremba. Vanoenda kuchikoro chekurapa uye vanowana dhigirii rezvekurapa (`Doctor of Medicine (MD)` kana `Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO)`).

Vanyanzvi vezvirwere vanoshanda kupi?

Nyanzvi dzezvirwere dzinogona kushanda munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana. Semuenzaniso:

• Muzvipatara zvemunharaunda nemakiriniki
• Muzvipatara nemakiriniki emayunivhesiti
• Muzvipatara nemakiriniki ehurumende
• Mumarabhoritari akazvimirira
• Mumahofisi ega ega

Unova sei nyanzvi yezvirwere? Zvinotora nguva yakareba sei?

Kuti uve chiremba wepfungwa ane certification, unofanirwa kuita zvinotevera:

• Unofanira kupedza dzidzo yepre-medical kukoreji kana kuyunivhesiti wowana dhigirii.
• Unofanira kupedza dzidzo yako yechikoro chekurapa uye kuwana dhigirii rezvekurapa (`MD` kana `DO`).
• Unofanira kupedza makore matatu edzidzo yepamusoro yezvekurapa muchirongwa chekudzidziswa kwekugara.
• Unofanira kupasa bvunzo dzechitupa dzinoitwa nesangano rinozivikanwa seAmerican Board of Pathology. (MuSri Lanka, kunyoresa nebhodhi rezvekurapa rakakodzera uye kudzidziswa kwehunyanzvi zvinodiwa.)

Nyanzvi zhinji dzezvirwere dzakadzidziswa mune zvese zvezvirwere zvekiriniki uye zvemuviri. Vazhinji vanonyatsozivawo nezvechikamu chakati chezvirwere, senge hematology kana makemikari.

Zvinotora makore angangoita gumi nerimwe kuti uve chiremba wezvirwere. Izvi zvinosanganisira dzidzo yepamberi pekurapa, dzidzo yechikoro chekurapa, uye makore matatu ekudzidziswa kugara muchipatara.

Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba

Saka ikozvino unogona kuona kukosha uye kukosha kwechikamu chevanachiremba vedu vezvirwere. Ungasasangana navo zvakananga, vanowanzo shanda vari pachivande. Asi vanoita basa rakanaka chinyararire pahutano hwako nekuongorora chirwere chako nemazvo uye kusarudza mushonga wakanakira chirwere chako.

Kana ukambowana mushumo wezvirwere, taura nachiremba wako nezvezvaunotaura. Mushumo iwoyo une ruzivo rwakawanda runokosha nezvehutano hwako. Chiremba wezvirwere nevamwe vanachiremba vanoshanda pamwe chete kuti vakupe rubatsiro rwakanakisisa.

Nyanzvi yezvirwere, Pathology, Kuongorora, Kuongororwa kweTishu, Kuongororwa kweRopa, Nyanzvi yezvekurapa, Cytology