Wakambozvibvunza here kuti muviri wako unoumbwa sei, kana kuti masero ako anovandudzwa sei sezvaunokura kubva paudiki kusvika pakukura? Zvechokwadi, muviri wedu ibasa guru rinoshamisa. Chinhu chikuru chekugadzirwa uku—kwaungave wakanzwa nezvako—ndicho chatinodaidza kuti Stem Cells .
Chii Chinonzi Masero Ekutanga?
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, kana muviri wako uri chivako chikuru, masero emuviri ndiwo hwaro. Ndiwo masero emuviri akasiyana "ezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa", anokwanisa kugadzira mamwe masero ane mabasa akakosha. Funga nezvazvo nenzira iyi: muviri wako une matiririyoni emasero, uye pakati pawo, masero emuviri ane mukana unoshamisa wekugadzira marudzi emasero akasarudzika anopfuura mazana maviri, akadai semasero eropa kana masero emapfupa. Rumwe rudzi rwemasero emuviri runovaka muviri wako wese kubva pakutanga, nepo mamwe marudzi achiita sechikwata chekuchengetedza, achiita kugadzirisa chero kupi zvako kwaunoda muviri wako.
Masero Emuviri Anoshanda Sei?
Masero emuviri ane hunyanzvi huviri hwakasiyana husina mamwe masero:
- Chekutanga, anogona kupatsanurana uye kugadzira mamwe akafanana nawo. Kunyange zvazvo masero akajairwa achipatsanurana, ane hupenyu hushoma. Zvisinei, masero emuviri anogona kuzvivandudza nekusingaperi.
- Chechipiri, ndiwo masero chete anokwanisa "kusiyana" (specialized). Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana tishu ikakuvara, vanogona kugadzira masero matsva anodiwa kuti atsive. Heano mimwe mienzaniso mikuru:
- Masero eropa (hematopoietic stem cells ) (anodudzwa kuti "hee-muh-tuh-poy-tik") ndiwo anogadzira masero eropa (matsvuku nemachena) uye anotsigira masoja emuviri wako.
- Masero eganda epakutanga anotsigira masero eganda rako, ayo akakosha pakuvandudza ganda uye kupora kwemaronda .
- Masero eMesenchymal stem (anodudzwa kuti "meh-zen-kai-mul") anobatsira kuvaka mapfupa, cartilage , tsandanyama, uye mafuta.
Sei Masero Emuviri Achikosha Kwazvo?
Masero emuviri haasi ekungobatsira chete pakuvaka nekuchengetedza miviri yedu, asi akakosha pakutsvaga mishonga. Vaongorori vanoadzidza nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakakosha:
- Kunzwisisa kuti zvirwere zvinoitika sei: Nekukura masero emuviri muma laboratori uye kuona kuti anoshanduka sei kuita nhengo kana nhengo, vaongorori vanogona kunzwisisa zviri nani kuti mamiriro akaita sechirwere cheshuga , chirwere chemwoyo , kana zvirwere zvetsinga zvinotanga sei uye zvinofambira mberi sei padanho remasero.
- Kutsiva masero akakuvara kana ane chirwere: Iyi inzvimbo huru yevimbiso. Vaongorori vari kuferefeta kuti vangashandura sei masero ekutanga kuita marudzi chaiwo emasero ekurapa kukuvara kana zvirwere zvisingaperi. Fungidzira ramangwana apo, semuenzaniso, ganda idzva rinokura kuti rirape kutsva kwakanyanya, kukuvara kwemusana kunogadziriswa zvishoma, kana kuti mamiriro akaita sechirwere cheParkinson anorapwa zvinobudirira uchishandisa stem cell therapy.
- Kuedza mishonga mitsva nekurapa: Vaongorori vanoshandisa masero ekutanga kuongorora mishonga mitsva kuti vaone kuchengetedzeka uye kushanda kwayo. Nekushandisa masero ekutanga akasarudzika—semuenzaniso, masero akagadziriswa majini kuti aite sechirwere chakati—masayendisiti anogona kuongorora mashandiro anoita mushonga uye kuona migumisiro usati waedzwa, zvichigona kuchengetedza nguva nemari mukugadzirwa kwemishonga.
Ndeapi Marudzi Makuru eMaseru Ekutanga?
Vanachiremba vanoisa masero emuviri mumapoka zvichienderana nekwaanobva kana kugona kwawo kushanda. Heano marudzi makuru aunofanira kuziva nezvawo:
- Masero emuviri emudumbu (pluripotent):Masero aya ane simba rinoshamisa rekuva chero rudzi rwesero mumuviri, senge masero eganda, emwoyo, kana europi. "Pluri" zvinoreva "akawanda," uye "simba" rinoreva "simba." Vaongorori vanowanzo tora izvi kubva muropa retambo kana maembryo anogadzirwa kuburikidza neIn Vitro Fertilization ayo akapihwa kuti ashandiswe mukutsvagisa.
Cherechedza: Kushandiswa kwemasero emukati mechibereko inyaya iri kukurukurwa pasi rose maererano netsika nesainzi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kushandiswa kwawo kunodzorwa zvakanyanya uye kunoitwa pasi pemitemo yetsika yakasimba.
- Masero emuviri akagadzirwa nenyama (ane simba rakawanda kana kuti asina simba): Masero aya anogona kugadzira masero matsva, asi anongogumira parudzi rwenyama yaanogara mairi. Semuenzaniso, masero emuviri anogadzira ropa mumongo wako wemapfupa anogona kugadzira masero matsva eropa nemaplatelet, asi haagone kugadzira masero emapapu kana echiropa. Vaongorori vanowana izvi kubva kuvanhu vakuru vanopa.
- Masero emuviri anokonzera kuwanda (iPS cells kana iPSCs): Aya ndiwo mabudiriro makuru mune sainzi yemazuva ano. Aya masero emuviri akagadzirwa murabhoritari. Nekutora masero emuviri evakuru (akadai semasero eganda) uye kuagadzirisa nemajini, masayendisiti anogona kuita kuti aite semasero emuviri ekuberekwa, nekukwanisa kuva chero rudzi rwesero. Nekuti haabvi mumasero ekuberekwa, maiPSC anobatsira kutarisana nematambudziko mazhinji etsika ane chekuita nekutsvagurudza masero ekuberekwa.
Vatsvakurudzi Vanoshanda Sei Nemasero Emuviri?
Maitiro acho anowanzo tanga nemasero emuviri evakuru anopiwa kana kugadzirwa kwemasero e-iPS. Vaongorori vanobva vagadzira mamiriyoni emasero aya murabhoritari vachishandisa nzira dzakagadzirwa dzekudya. Chinangwa chavo ndechekutungamira masero aya kuti ashanduke kuita masero chaiwo anodiwa—senge tsandanyama dzemwoyo kana ma neuron—vachishandisa zviratidzo zvemakemikari chaiwo uye zvinhu zvinokura.
Vanachiremba Vanoshandisa Sei Masero Emuviri Pari Zvino?
Vanachiremba vari kutoshandisa mishonga yemasero emuviri zvinobudirira pakurapa kwakasiyana-siyana nhasi. Kana muine dambudziko rekukurumidzira, ndapota fonerai 911 kana masevhisi ekukurumidzira emunharaunda yenyu nekukasika.
- Kudyara Bone Morrow : Iyi ndiyo nzira inozivikanwa zvikuru uye inobudirira yekurapa stem cell. Vanachiremba vanogona kushandisa stem cell dzevakuru kutsiva masero akakuvara kana asina kujairika mubone morrow yako neane hutano. Nzira iyi inoshandiswa pazvirwere zvakaita se:
- Kenza dzeropa : Kusanganisira leukemia, multiple myeloma, uye non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Varwere vanowanzoda kuisirwa stem cell mushure mekupihwa chemotherapy yakawanda kana radiation therapy, iyo inodiwa kuparadza masero ekenza mumongo wemapfupa.
- Matambudziko Eropa: Kusanganisira zvirwere zvemajini zvakaita se sickle cell anemia uye thalassemia.
- Aplastic Anemia: Chirwere apo muro wemapfupa ako unotadza kugadzira masero eropa akakwana.
- Kutyoka Kwemapfupa Uye Kukuvadzwa Kwekatsi: Vanachiremba vanogona kushandisa mapfupa akaputirwa—akagadzirwa nenyama yemupi, masero emuviri, nezvimwe zvinhu—kubatsira kurapa kutyoka kwakanyanya. Uyezve, tsvakiridzo iri kuenderera mberi maererano nekushandiswa kwemajekiseni emasero emuviri kugadzirisa katsi yakakuvara mumajoini, akadai semabvi.
Vanachiremba vanomboshandisa here masero emuviri wemwana asati aberekwa?
Ehe. Dzimwe nguva vanachiremba vanoshandisa masero eropa anobva muropa reropa rakapihwa kuti varape zvirwere zveropa, kunyanya kuvana. Ropa reropa rine masero eropa akafanana neemwana asati aberekwa asi atotanga kushandiswa zvakanyanya. (Ropa reropa rinoreva ropa rinosara muropa remwana nepaplacenta mushure mekuzvarwa kwemwana.) Kurapa kwemasero eropa kwakagamuchirwa neFDA chete kunowira muchikamu cheropa rakapihwa kubva mumwana asati aberekwa ndiko kushandiswa kweropa rakapihwa kubva muropa reropa.
Masero emuviri wangu ari kupi?
Masero emuviri anowanikwa mumuviri wako wese, kunyangwe achigara munyama dzakasiyana. Anonyanya kuwanikwa mumongo wako wemapfupa (nzvimbo huru), muuropi, mutsinga dzeropa, paganda, mutsandanyama, muchiropa, nemwoyo. Zvisinei, sezvaunokura, huwandu uye kushanda kwemasero aya emuviri kunogona kudzikira.
Ndezvipi zvirwere zvinowanzoitika zvinokanganisa masero emuviri?
Mupfupa wako—nyama yakapfava iri mukati memamwe mapfupa ako—unogadzira masero eropa anoshanduka kuita masero matsvuku eropa, masero machena eropa, uye maplatelet. Masero matsvuku eropa anotakura okisijeni, masero machena eropa anorwisa hutachiona, uye maplatelet anobatsira kudzora kubuda ropa. Nokudaro, chero chinhu chipi zvacho chinokanganisa mupfupa wako chinogona kukanganisa zvakananga masero eropa anokonzera kugadzirwa kweropa rako. Matambudziko akajairika anokanganisa masero eropa anosanganisira:
- Kupererwa neropa muropa
- Matambudziko eMyeloproliferative (mamiriro ezvinhu apo muro wemapfupa unoburitsa masero eropa akawandisa)
- Lymphoma (gomarara remudumbu, iro rinogona kukanganisawo mupfupa)
- Leukemia (rudzi rwekenza yeropa inotangira mumasero emumaroro emapfupa)
Ndingachengetedza sei masero angu emuviri ari mutano?
Kunyange hazvo pasina nzira yakasimbiswa ye "kuwedzera" kana kugadzira masero emuviri akawanda, sezvo basa rawo richinyanya kuenderana nemajini nezera, kutora tsika dzakanaka kunogona kutsigira masero emuviri wako zvisina kunanga:
- Idya chikafu chakakwana: Tarisa mapuroteni asina mafuta akawanda, miriwo yakawanda, michero, uye zviyo zvakakwana. Zvikafu zvine antioxidant yakawanda zvakaita seblueberries, mastrawberry, uye mashizha matema zvinogona kubatsira kudzivirira kukuvara kwemasero.
- Dzivisa kusvuta nefodya: Fodya muvengi mukuru anokuvadza masero, anokuvadza DNA, uye anowedzera njodzi yekenza zvakanyanya.
- Deredza kunwa doro: Zvichitevera gwara reAmerican Cancer Society, zvinokurudzirwa kuti varume vasapfuure zvinwiwa zviviri pazuva, uye vakadzi vasapfuure chimwe chete.
- Dzivirira ganda rako: Dzivisa kupiswa zvakanyanya nechiedza che ultraviolet (UV) chinobva kuzuva kana kuti pamibhedha yeganda, izvo zvinogona kukuvadza masero eganda uye kukonzera kenza.
- Taura nachiremba wako nezve majekiseni: Zvimwe zvirwere zvemavhairasi, zvakaita sehepatitis, zvinogona kukonzera kukuvara kwemasero kwenguva refu.
- Dzora kushushikana kwako: Kushushikana kusingaperi kunokanganisa masero ako. Ita maekisesaizi akadai sekufungisisa kana kungotora nguva yekuzorora kuti uderedze kushushikana.
- Isa nguva yekurara zvakakwana pakutanga: Kurara ndiyo nguva inokosha apo muviri wako unoita kugadzirisa masero.
Ndingawedzera huwandu hwemasero angu emuviri here?
Ungave wakamboverenga kuti mamwe mavhitamini (akaita seD kana B12) kana zvimwe zvinovaka muviri zvinogona kuwedzera huwandu hwemasero ako emuviri kana kuvandudza hutano hwavo. Kunyange hazvo vaongorori vari kudzidza izvi, hazvina kuratidzwa zvakajeka kuti kutora mavhitamini chaiwo kana kudya zvimwe zvekudya kuchawedzera huwandu hwemasero ako emuviri. Nzira yakanakisisa ndeyekuchengetedza kudya kwakaringana uye mararamiro ane hutano uye anoshanda.
Chii chinokosha chekudzidza?
Sezvatakurukura, masero emuviri (stem cells) chikamu chinokosha uye chinoshamisa chemuviri wako. Funga kuti kunyange zvazvo muviri wako wakagadzirwa nematriyoni emasero, masero emuviri akasiyana nekuti ane kugona kunoshamisa kwekuzvigadzira nekusingaperi uye kugadzira masero anodiwa kugadzirisa matishu akakuvara.
Nhasi uno, vanachiremba vatove vachishandisa stem cell therapy kudzora uye dzimwe nguva kurapa kenza yeropa nezvirwere zveropa. Vaongorori vane tariro yekuti masero aya anogona kuzobatsira kurapa—kana kutorapa—mamwe matambudziko akakomba, akadai sechirwere chemwoyo, chirwere cheshuga, Parkinson's, uye kuoma mitezo. Tsvagiridzo munyaya iyi iri kufambira mberi nekukurumidza.
Ndinovimba izvi zvinokupa hwaro hwakasimba hwekunzwisisa masero ekutanga. Kugara uine ruzivo nezvesainzi yezvekurapa ndeimwe yenzira dzakanakisisa dzekutarisira hutano hwako. Pamusoro pezvose, ruzivo ndiyo dziviriro yako yakanakisisa!
