Mwana wako mudiki anonzwa akaneta nguva dzese, ane ruvara rwebhuruu, kana kuti ane fivha nguva dzese here? Dzimwe nguva izvi zvinogona kungova zviratidzo zvakajairika. Asi dzimwe nguva, zvinhu zvidiki izvi zvinogona kuva chiratidzo chechirwere chakakomba mumuviri. Nhasi tichataura nezverudzi rwegomarara reropa rinonyanya kuwanikwa pakati pevana vadiki, asi rinogonawo kubata vanhu vakuru. Zita rayo ndiAcute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, kana kuti (ALL) muchidimbu. Usazvidya mwoyo, tichataura nezvezvinhu zvese zviri nyore.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, zvinoreva kuti ALL zvinorevei?
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) rudzi rwegomarara rinokura muropa redu. Ropa redu rine masero matsvuku eropa, masero machena eropa, uye maplatelet. Rumwe rudzi rwemasero machena eropa runonzi lymphocytes. Kungofanana neuto renyika yedu, masero aya anotidzivirira nekurwisa zvirwere nehutachiona hunopinda mumiviri yedu.
Masero aya e lymphocyte anogadzirwa mumongo wemapfupa mukati memapfupa edu. Dzimwe nguva, nekuda kwekuchinja kwemajini mumasero aya e lymphocyte, anotanga kuva masero ekenza panzvimbo pemasero ane hutano. Masero aya ekenza anopatsanuka uye anowanda nekukurumidza pasina kudzora, achidzvanya masero ane hutano. Izvi zvinongonzi ALL.
Masero egomarara aya haangogari mumongo chete. Anogona kufamba nemuropa opararira mumuviri wese.
Asi chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti ZVOSE, kunyangwe chiri chirwere chakakomba, chirwere chinorapika zvachose kana chikarapwa nemazvo. Mwero wekurapwa kwacho wakakwira zvikuru, kunyanya pakati pevana vadiki.
Ndeapi marudzi makuru eALL?
Kana tichitaura nezvemalymphocytes, kune mhando mbiri huru dzawo: B cells neT cells. Kenza yese inotangira kubva mumhando mbiri idzi dzemasero.
| Rudzi rwegomarara | Tsananguro iri nyore |
|---|---|
| B-sero ALL (B-sero ALL) | Rudzi urwu ndirwo rwakanyanya kuwanda. Runokwana 85% yeALL muvana uye 75%-80% yeALL muvakuru. Masero eB ndiwo rudzi rwemasero anogadzira masoja ekudzivirira utachiona mumuviri wedu. |
| Sero reT rese (Sero reT rese) | Izvi hazviwanzoitiki. Vanhu vakuru vanosvika 25% uye vana vanosvika 12%-15% vanokura nerudzi urwu. Masero eT ndiwo rudzi rwemasero anouraya utachiona zvakananga uye anobatsira mamwe masero ari mudziviriro yemuviri. |
Pamusoro pemhando mbiri idzi, kunewo rudzi rusingawanzoonekwi runonzi Natural Killer ALL. Chiremba wako achaita bvunzo dzinodiwa kuti aone kuti rudzii rwaunarwo iwe kana mwana wako.
Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvatinoona?
Kana ALL yakura, masero eropa emuviri ane hutano anoderera, zvichikonzera zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana. Zviratidzo izvi zvinogona kungoerekana zvaitika kana kukura zvishoma nezvishoma.
Zvakakosha: Kuva nezviratidzo izvi hazvirevi kuti une ZVESE. Zvisinei, kana uine zviratidzo izvi kweanopfuura mavhiki maviri, zvakakosha kuti uone chiremba kuti akupe mazano.
| Chiratidzo | Zvinorevei izvo? |
|---|---|
| Kuneta nguva dzose uye kucheneruka | Nekuda kwekudzikira kwemasero matsvuku eropa mumuviri (anemia), kunyangwe kuita mabasa madiki kunogona kunetsa, uye muviri unogona kutaridzika sewakachenuruka. |
| Kurwara nguva nenguva | Sezvo masero machena eropa ane hutano achiderera, simba remuviri rekurwisa zvirwere (immune system) rinoderera. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvirwere zvakaita sefivha nedzihwa zvinogona kuitika kakawanda. |
| Kubuda ropa uye mavanga | Sezvo maplatelet anobatsira kudonha kweropa, kubuda kweropa mumhino, kubuda kweropa mumazino, uye kunyange kukuvara kudiki zvinogona kukonzera mavanga makuru ebhuruu mumuviri. Vakadzi vanogona kubuda ropa rakawanda panguva yekuenda kumwedzi. |
| Mavara matsvuku paganda (petechiae) | Mavara madiki matsvuku anoonekwa paganda sekunge akabayiwa nepini, nekuda kwekubuda ropa kubva mutsinga dzeropa dzakatetepa dziri pasi peganda. |
| Kurwadziwa kwemapfupa nemajoini | Masero egomarara paanozadza mumongo wemapfupa, kurwadziwa kwakanyanya kunogona kuitika mumapfupa nemapfundo. |
| Manodhi elymph akazvimba | Mapundu (mapundu) munzvimbo dzakadai semutsipa, muhapwa, uye muzvidya anogona kuzvimba pasina kurwadziwa. |
| Zvimwe zvinhu | Zviratidzo zvakaita sekushaiwa chishuwo chekudya, kudzikira huremu, kudikitira husiku, uye kunetseka kufema zvinogonawo kuonekwa. |
Sei chirwere ichi chichiitika? Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinokonzera njodzi?
Hapana chikonzero chimwe chete chaicho chegomarara rese. Chikonzero chikuru, sezvatakambokurukura, kushanduka kwemajini kunoitika panguva yekuumbwa kwemasero eropa. Muvana vadiki, kushanduka uku kunogona kuitika vasati vatombozvarwa.
Zvisinei, zvinhu zvakawanda zvakaonekwa zvinowedzera njodzi yekubatwa nechirwere ichi.
- Zera: Njodzi yacho yakanyanya pakati pevana vari pasi pemakore gumi nemashanu, kunyanya avo vari pakati pemakore maviri kusvika mashanu, uye vakuru vane makore anopfuura makumi mashanu.
- Zvimwe zvirwere zvemajini: Vanhu vane zvimwe zvirwere zvemajini, zvakaita seDown syndrome, vane mukana wakakura wekuti vabatwe nechirwere cheALL.
- Kusangana nemwaranzi: Kusangana nemwaranzi yakawanda, semuenzaniso, kana wakamborapwa nemwaranzi yeimwe kenza, kunogona kuwedzera njodzi yako.
- Mamwe mavhairasi: Mamwe mavhairasi, akadai seEpstein-Barr virus, anofungidzirwawo kuti anowedzera njodzi.
- Kushandiswa kwefodya: Pakati pevanhu vakuru, kusangana nezvinhu zvinokonzera kenza zvakaita sekushandiswa kwefodya kunogonawo kuva chikonzero.
Chiremba anonyatsoongorora sei chirwere ichi?
Paunoenda kunoona chiremba ane zviratidzo zvawataura pamusoro apa, anotanga akubvunza mibvunzo yakadzama nezvezviratidzo zvako. Achazobva aita ongororo yemuviri uye oraira kuti aonekwe kuti chirwere chacho chakamira sei.
- Kuongororwa kweropa:Kuongororwa kweFull Blood Count (FBC) nguva dzose kunogona kuona kusarongeka kwehuwandu hwemasero muropa.
- Kuongororwa kwemapfupa emubofu: Iyi ndiyo bvunzo huru inoshandiswa kusimbisa chirwere. Sampuro diki yemapfupa emubofu inotorwa kubva panzvimbo yakaita sepfupa remuhudyu ichiongororwa nemaikorosikopu. Izvi zvinogona kuona kana masero ekenza aripo uye, kana zvakadaro, rudzii.
- Kuongororwa kwemifananidzo: Kuongororwa kweCT nePET kunogona kuitwa kuti vaone kana kenza yapararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri, semuenzaniso, kusvika muchipfuva.
- Kuboorwa kwemusana/Kuboorwa kwemusana: Kana paine kusava nechokwadi chekuti masero egomarara apararira kuuropi kana kumusana, mvura shoma yemusana inotorwa kubva kumusana yoongororwa.
Ndezvipi zvinorapwa zveVOSE?
Kune nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekurapa ALL. Chiremba wako ndiye achasarudza nzira yakanakisisa yekurapa iwe zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakawanda, kusanganisira zera rako, rudzi rwechirwere, uye zviratidzo zvemajini zviri mumasero ako ekenza.
Kurapa kukuru: Kurapa nemakemikari
Kurapa nemakemikari mushonga une simba unouraya masero egomarara. Ndiwo mushonga mukuru weVANHU VOSE. Kurapa uku kunoitwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinotora kubva pamwedzi mishoma kusvika kumakore maviri kusvika matatu.
| Matanho ekurapa | Chii chiri kuitika? |
|---|---|
| 1. Danho rekutanga (Remission Induction) | Izvi zvinotora mavhiki angangoita mana kusvika matanhatu. Chinangwa chikuru ndechekuparadza masero ekenza akawanda nekukurumidza sezvinobvira. Munguva iyi, unowanzofanira kugara muchipatara. |
| 2. Kurapa kwetsinga (CNS-directed therapy) | Kurapa uku kunoitwa kudzivirira masero egomarara kuti asapararire kuuropi nemumusana, kana kuaparadza kana apararira. Izvi zvinowanzoitwa padanho rekutanga. |
| 3. Chikamu chekubatanidza | Kana chirwere chacho chapera, danho iri rinotanga kuparadza masero egomarara asara. Ucharapwa muchipatara kwemazuva mashoma mavhiki mashoma ega ega kwemwedzi yakati wandei uye uchapihwa mishonga yemutsinga (IV). |
| 4. Chikamu chekugadzirisa | Iri ndiro danho rekupedzisira uye rakareba. Zvinotora makore angangoita maviri kusvika matatu. Chinangwa pano ndechekudzivirira chirwere kuti chisadzoke zvakare. Kazhinji, mishonga inonwiwa uye mishonga inopinzwa mutsinga inopihwa kukiriniki. Hapana chikonzero chekuenda kuchipatara kakawanda. |
Mamwe marapirwo
- Kurapa kwakanangana: Izvi zvinosanganisira kupa mishonga inorwisa shanduko dzemajini dzinowanikwa mumasero ekenza chete. Semuenzaniso, kurapwa uku kunoshanda zvikuru kuvanhu vane shanduko yemajini inonzi Philadelphia chromosome.
- Kurapa nekudzivirira muviri: Izvi zvinosanganisira kukurudzira masoja edu ekudzivirira muviri kuti aparadze masero egomarara. Kurapa nemasero eCAR-T inzira yemazuva ano yekurapa inowira muchikamu ichi.
- Kurapa nemwaranzi: Kurapa nemwaranzi kunogona kushandiswa kana kenza isingapindure kana yapihwa chemotherapy kana kuti chirwere chacho chikadzoka.
- Kuisirwa mapfupa emupfupa: Kana mamwe marapirwo asina kubudirira kana njodzi yekuti chirwere ichi chidzoke yakakwira, unogona kutumirwa kunoisirwa mapfupa emupfupa kubva kumunhu ane hutano.
Mikana yekurapa chirwere ichi ndeipi?
Uyu ndiwo mubvunzo mukuru uri mupfungwa dzemunhu wese. ALL igomarara rinopindura zvakanaka kana rikarapwa.
Muvana, mhedzisiro yacho inofadza zvikuru. 98% yevana vanorapwa zvakanaka vanowana zororo rakakwana rechirwere ichi. Huwandu hwekupona mushure memakore mashanu mushure mekunge chirwere charapwa hunosvika 90%.
Chikamu ichi chakaderera zvishoma pakati pevanhu vakuru. Huwandu hwevanhu vakuru vanorarama kwemakore mashanu huri pakati pe30% - 40%.
Asi zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti idzi ingori nhamba chete. Maitiro anoita munhu kana achirapwa anogona kusiyana zvikuru neamwe. Saka musavhunduke nenhamba idzi. Chiremba anokurapai chete ndiye anogona kukupai ruzivo rwakanakisisa nezvemamiriro enyu kana emwana wenyu.
Zvakajairika kunzwa sekuti hupenyu hwako huri kuparara kana waonekwa uine kenza. Kunyanya kana ari mwana wako. Asi yeuka, ALL chirwere chinorapika kupfuura mamwe marudzi akawanda ekenza. Vimba nechikwata chako chekurapa. Vachave newe parwendo urwu, vachikupa rutsigiro rwese netsananguro dzaunoda.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) igomarara rinokura mumalymphocytes, rudzi rwemasero machena eropa.
- Kunyangwe chirwere ichi chichinyanya kuitika pakati pevana vadiki, chinogona kukura kune chero ani zvake wezera ripi zvaro.
- Kana ukaona zviratidzo zvakaita sekuneta nguva dzose, kucheneruka, kurwara nguva nenguva, kusviba kwemuviri, uye kurwadziwa kwemapfupa kweanopfuura mavhiki maviri, tsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba nekukasika.
- Kunyangwe ALL iri chirwere chakakomba, inorapika zvachose nekurapwa kwakadai sechemotherapy. Mwero wekurapwa kwayo wakakwira zvikuru, kunyanya pakati pevana.
- Kurapwa kunogona kutora nguva refu uye kunonetesa, asi usatya, vimba navanachiremba vako, uye tevera mirairo yavo nemazvo.
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