Ungave wakanzwa kuti mumwe munhu akakupoteredza, kana mumwe munhu waunoziva, ane mwana ane autism. Panguva imwe chete, ungave wakanzwa nyaya dzakawanda nepfungwa dzisina kururama pamusoro pekupararira kweizvi munharaunda. Vamwe vanotya, nepo vamwe vachitaura vachishora vana ava. Saka chii chaizvo chinonzi autism? Nhasi, ngatitaurei zvakajeka uye nemazvo nezvepfungwa dzisina kururama dzakavakirwa pachirwere ichi, uye chokwadi chii.
Chekutanga, chii chinonzi Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, autism haisi chirwere. Idambudziko rekukura rinokonzerwa nekuchinja kwekukura kwehuropi uye mashandiro ahwo . Nekuda kweizvozvo, mwana kana mukuru ane autism anogona kunetseka kudzidza ruzivo, kutaurirana nevamwe munharaunda, uye kuona nyika zvakasiyana nevamwe.
Zvinonzi "spectrum" nekuti, semavara emuraraungu, zviratidzo, kugona, nematambudziko zvinosiyana zvakanyanya nevanhu vane chirwere ichi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti hapana vanhu vaviri vane autism vakafanana.
Zvakanaka, saka ngatitarisei ngano huru dziripo munharaunda uye kuti ndedzechokwadi here kana kuti kwete.
Pfungwa Isina Kujeka 1: Autism inongobata vakomana chete
Izvi hazvina kunaka zvachose. Autism inogona kukanganisawo vasikana. Zvisinei, zvichienderana nehuwandu, vakomana vanoonekwa vaine autism kanenge ka4 kakawanda kupfuura vasikana.
Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zveizvi. Chimwe ndechekuti kana vasikana vaine chirwere ichi, zviratidzo zvavo zvinogona kusiyana nevakomana. Dzimwe nguva kuchinja kwemaitiro avo munharaunda kunogona kukanganiswa nezvimwe zvirwere, zvakaita sekunyara kana kuzvidya mwoyo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vamwe vasikana vanogona kunonoka kana kusaonekwa chirwere ichi.
Kunewo hukama hwemajini ne autism, zvichireva kuti inoitika mumhuri. Kana mukoma kana hama (senge tete kana babamukuru) vaine chirwere ichi, vamwe vane mukana wekuti chivewo nacho.
Pfungwa isiriyo yechipiri: Munhu wese ane autism ane zviratidzo zvakafanana.
Iyi ipfungwa isiriyo iyo vanhu vazhinji vanayo. Sezvatakambotaura, autism inyaya yakasiyana-siyana. Funga nezvazvo, havasi vana vese vari mukirasi imwe chete vane tarenda rakaenzana. Vamwe vanogona masvomhu, vamwe vanogona kudhirowa. Ndizvo zvazviri nemamiriro ezvinhu aya.
Vamwe vanhu vane autism vanogona kunetseka nekutaura, vamwe vachinyatsogona kutaura zvakanaka. Vamwe vanoda rubatsiro pamabasa ezuva nezuva, vamwe vachirarama vega. Ndosaka nyanzvi dzichiti:
"Kana uchiziva munhu mumwe chete ane autism, unoziva chete nezvemunhu iyeye ane autism."
Izvi zvinoreva kuti nharaunda yese ye autism haigone kuyerwa neruzivo rwemunhu mumwe chete. Ndosaka zita rechirwere ichi rakachinjwa kuita `` Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)'' muna 2013, kuti riratidze kusiyana uku.
Pfungwa Isina Kujeka 3: Vanhu vane autism vane hurema hwakakomba hwepfungwa kana kuti vane matarenda anoshamisa.
Iyi inyaya yenhema inoreva zvese zviri zviviri. Vamwe vanhu vanofunga kuti munhu wese ane autism ane hurema hwepfungwa. Vamwe vanofunga kuti vane hunyanzvi hunoshamisa, sezviri mubhaisikopo rinonzi 'Rain Man', zvakaita sekurangarira mifananidzo kana tarenda remimhanzi rinoshamisa.
Chokwadi ndechekuti, izvi zvinhu zviviri zvakanyanyisa. Vamwe vanhu vane autism vanogona kunge vaine hurema hwepfungwa, asi ruzhinji haruna . Vangave vane njere dziri pakati nepakati kana kupfuura avhareji.
Kune rumwe rutivi, hunyanzvi hwekuchenjera hahuwanzoitiki . Kune vanhu vane hunyanzvi hwakadaro, asi hahuwanzoitiki. Ruzhinji rwevanhu vane autism vane hunyanzvi hwakajairika.
| Ngano Dzakajairika | Chokwadi |
|---|---|
| Majekiseni anokonzera autism. | Nhema zvachose. Hapana humbowo hwesainzi hwakawanikwa hunoratidza kuti pane hukama huripo pakati pezviviri izvi. |
| Autism chirwere chepfungwa. | Kwete, hachisi chirwere chepfungwa. Idambudziko rekukura kwetsinga. |
| Vanhu vane autism havaratidzi rudo nerudo. | Iyi ingano inosuwisa zvikuru. Kunyangwe nzira yavanoratidza nayo manzwiro avo ingave yakasiyana, vachiri kunzwa uye kuratidza rudo nerudo. |
Ngano 4: Mishonga inokonzera autism
Kwete. Iyi ndiyo ngano huru uye ine njodzi zvikuru munharaunda. Kunyangwe chidzidzo chekutanga chakaburitswa chakaratidza hukama pakati pemajekiseni ne autism chakazoratidzwa kuti inhema uye chakabviswa mumagazini yakachiburitsa. Kubva ipapo, zviuru zvezvidzidzo zvakaitwa pasi rese hazvina kuwana hukama pakati pemajekiseni ne autism.
Usambofa wakasiya majekiseni akakosha anofanirwa kupihwa nemwana wako pasi peNational Immunization Program, uchitenda nyaya dzisina hwaro dzakadaro. Kana ukadaro, kukuvara kungangoitika kumwana wako kubva kuzvirwere zvine njodzi zvakaita segwirikwiti nemhungu kwakanyanya. Kana uine mibvunzo kana zvinokunetsa nezvemajekiseni, ndapota taura nachiremba wemhuri yako.
Pfungwa Isina Kujeka 5: Kuwedzera kwevana vane autism kunokonzerwa nechimwe chinhu chiri kuitika munharaunda.
Ichokwadi kuti huwandu hwevana vanoonekwa vaine autism hwakwira kupfuura kare. Asi pane kuti chikonzero chikuru cheizvozvo chive shanduko munharaunda, pane zvimwe zvinhu zviviri zvakaita basa.
1. Kuwedzera nzira dzekuongorora chirwere: Kare, zvirwere zvakaita se'Asperger's syndrome' zvaionekwa sezvirwere zvakasiyana. Iye zvino, zvese zviri pasi pe'Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).' Saka, huwandu hwekuongororwa kwechirwere hwawedzera.
2. Kuwedzera ruzivo: Vabereki, vadzidzisi, uye vanachiremba vava kuziva zviri nani nezvechirwere ichi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kunyange vana vane zviratidzo zvidiki zvaisamboonekwa vava kuzivikanwa nekukurumidza.
Pfungwa Isina Kujeka 6: Autism inongoonekwa chete pazera diki.
Izvi zviri kuchinjawo. Kunyange hazvo vanhu vazhinji vachionekwa vaine chirwere ichi vachiri vadiki, huwandu hwevanhu vanoonekwa vaine chirwere ichi sevanhu vakuru huri kuwedzerawo.
Izvi zvinodaro nekuti, kare, pakanga pasina ruzivo rwakawanda nezveizvi, uye zviratidzo zvevamwe vanhu zvaisaonekwa sezvimwe zvirwere. Semuenzaniso, zvinogona kunge zvakarapwa chirwere chekushaya hanya zvakanyanya (ADHD) kana kuzvidya mwoyo. Asi nekunzwisisa kwava nani, chikonzero chikuru chezviratidzo izvozvo ikozvino chave kuonekwa se autism mukukura.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Autism haisi chirwere kana chirwere chepfungwa. Idambudziko rekukura kwetsinga rinokonzerwa nekuchinja kwekukura kwehuropi.
- Nekuti imhando dzakasiyana-siyana, ruzivo, kugona, nematambudziko emunhu wega wega ane autism zvakasiyana zvikuru.
- Hapana hukama hwesainzi huripo pakati pemajekiseni ne autism. Ndapota, musatenda nyaya dzisina hwaro uye musatore majekiseni emwana wenyu.
- Vasikana vanogonawo kuva ne autism, kunyange zvazvo zviratidzo zvavo zvingaratidzika zvakasiyana.
- Kana muine zvinokunetsai kana matambudziko pamusoro pekukura kwemwana wenyu, maitiro ake, kana kutaurirana kwake nevamwe, ndapota musazeza kubvunza chiremba wemhuri yenyu kana chiremba wevana nekukurumidza sezvinobvira.
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