Gamba diki remuviri wedu: Ngatidzidzei zvese nezve duodenum!

Wakambozvibvunza here kuti chikafu chatinodya chinopa sei simba nekudya kumuviri wedu? Rwendo urwu rwakaoma uye runoshamisa rwunoitika mukati memiviri yedu. Saka, pane chikamu chidiki asi chine simba guru chinoita basa rakakosha murwendo urwu, asi chatisingataure zvakawanda. Ndiyo duodenum . Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, ichi ndicho chikamu chekutanga cheura hwedu hudiki. Muchinyorwa chino, tichataura nezvemushandi uyu akanyarara wegadziriro yedu yekugaya.

Basa guru re duodenum nderei?

Funga nezve duodenum senzvimbo ine vanhu vakawanda, inokosha pakubatana kwezvekudya. Ndiyo nzvimbo yekutanga panosangana chikafu chinobva mudumbu. Mabasa makuru matatu anoitika pano:

1. Kuderedza acidity yechikafu chinobva mudumbu:

Kana chikafu chatinodya chikapinda mudumbu, chinosanganiswa neasidhi iri imomo, chopwanyika, uye chova porridge yemvura. Mukurapa, tinodana izvi kuti 'chyme' . 'Chime' iyi ine acid yakawanda. Saka, kana ikaenda zvakananga kune mamwe matumbu madiki, inogona kukuvara. Duodenum inoburitsa hormone inonzi 'secretin' . Iyi hormone inoenda yonopa chiratidzo kune pancreas yedu kuti ibudise enzyme inonzi 'bicarbonate' . Kungofanana nekusanganisa chimwe chinhu chine acid nemvura, iyi bicarbonate inopinda yoderedza acidity ye 'chyme' ine acid yakawanda kusvika padanho rinoshiviririka. Izvi hazvingodziviriri ura hwedu hudiki chete, asiwo zvinobatsira kuti hutore zvinovaka muviri nemazvo.

2. Kushandurwa kwe'chyme' kuita zvinovaka muviri zvinogona kutorwa nemuviri:

Duodenum inoburitsa rimwe hormone rinokosha, cholecystokinin (CCK) . Homoni iyi inosimudzira chiropa chedu, gallbladder, nepancreas kuti zvitumire majisi azvo ekugaya muduodenum.

• Nyoro, inobva muchiropa nenyongo, inobatsira kuputsa mafuta.
• Enzayimu inonzi 'lipase' inobva mupancreas inopwanyawo mafuta. Enzayimu iyi inonzi 'amylase' inopwanya makabhohaidhiretsi, uye enzayimu iyi inonzi 'protease' inopwanya mapuroteni.

Zvinovaka muviri zvinokuyiwa zvakanaka nenzira iyi zvinopinda muropa redu.

3. Kusundira mberi chikafu chakagayiwa:

Zvidimbu zvechikafu zvisina kunyorova uye tsvina zvinosundirwa kubva muduodenum kuenda kuchikamu chinotevera cheura hudiki, jejunum. Izvi zvinoitika nekuti tsandanyama dziri mumadziro eduodenum dzinobatana uye dzinozorora. Maitiro aya akafanana nemafungu anofambisa chikafu mberi anonzi peristalsis .

Duodenum yakakura sei? Uye iri kupi?

Duodenum ndiyo pfupi pane zvikamu zvitatu zveura hwedu hudiki (duodenum, jejunum, ileum). Yakareba masendimita angangoita gumi.– Ikoko kunenge kushoma pane ruler. Zvinofadza kuti izwi rechiLatini rekuti "duodenum" rinoreva "minwe gumi nemiviri." Kureva kuti, kare, kureba kwayo kwaiyerwa nekufunga kuti kwakaenzana nehupamhi hweminwe gumi nemiviri yakaiswa padivi nepadivi.

Fungidzira, dai taitambanudza ura hwedu hwese hudiki, hwaizova hwakareba mamita angangoita 22! Ndihwo hurefu hwenzvimbo yekutamba tenesi. Zvisinei, duodenum, chikamu chidiki chehurefu uhwu hwese, masendimita angangoita 10, ndipo panowanikwa kunwa kwezvinovaka muviri zvakanyanya.

Duodenum iri pasi pedumbu redu. Inokombama muchimiro chebhii reChirungu 'C', kana kuti horseshoe, kurudyi, kumashure, pasi, uye kuruboshwe. Musoro wepancreas uri mukati meiyi 'C'-shaped curve.

Ndezvipi zvikamu zvikuru zve duodenum?

Duodenum ine zvikamu zvikuru zvina, zvakatumidzwa zita nekuda kwenzvimbo yazvo uye chimiro chazvo.

1. Chikamu chepamusoro: Ichi chikamu chiri pamusoro chinobatanidza nedumbu. Chakareba masendimita maviri. Nzvimbo yachinobatanidza zvakananga ne pylorus, vharuvhu inoburitsa chikafu mudumbu, inonziwo duodenal bulb. Apa ndipo panowanzo tanga maronda muura hudiki, nekuti acid yemudumbu ndiyo inowanzo rova.

2. Chikamu chinodzika: Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, ichi chikamu chakaita seC chinodzika. Chakareba masendimita 1. Chikamu ichi chakabatana nepancreas, gallbladder, nechiropa kuburikidza nemigwagwa inotakura majisi azvo.

3. Chikamu chakarara (chepasi): Ichi chakarebawo masendimita 1. Chinotambanuka kubva kurudyi kuenda kuruboshwe. Chikamu ichi chinopfuura nepamusoro peaorta nevena cava iri pasi, inova ndiyo mitsipa mikuru yeropa mumuviri wedu.

4. Chikamu chinokwira: Ichi chikamu chidiki cheduodenum, chisingasviki inchi imwe chete pakureba. Chinokwira zvishoma uye chinobatana nejejunum.

Duodenum inoumbwa nemarudzi api ematishu?

Kufanana nedzimwe nzira dzedu dzekugaya (GI tract), duodenum inoumbwa nezvikamu zvina zvikuru zvenyama. Kubva mukati-kati kusvika kunze-kati, izvi ndezvi:

1. Mucosa: Iri ndiro jira remukati. Rine ma "glands" uye ma "projections" madiki akafanana neminwe anonzi 'microvilli' . Ma "microvilli" aya anowedzera zvakanyanya nzvimbo yepamusoro pe duodenum, zvichiita kuti ikwanise kunwa zvinovaka muviri zvakawanda kupfuura dai yaive yakati sandara.

2. Submucosa: Rutivi urwu rune mitsipa yeropa nenyama dzinobatana. Kunyanya, magland aBrunner anowanikwa murutivi urwu. Magland aya anogadzira kubuda kwemvura kunoderedza acidity ye chyme.

3. Tsandanyama:Kazhinji inoumbwa netsandanyama dzakatsetseka. Basa rayo guru nderekusanganisa nekufambisa chikafu mberi. Kana tsandanyama idzi dzabatana, 'chyme' inosanganiswa zvakanaka nema enzymes ne bile.

4. Serosa: Ichi ndicho chifukidziro chekunze che duodenum. Chinoumbwa nemasero e epithelial ane squamous.

Ndezvipi zvinetso zvinogona kuitika mu duodenum?

Nekuti duodenum iri pedyo nedumbu, inogona kukuvara kana huwandu hweasidhi yemudumbu hukawedzera. Asidhi iyi inogona kukonzera maronda, anozivikanwawo se'peptic ulcers' , muduodenum, pamwe nemudumbu. Pane zvikonzero zviviri zvikuru zveizvi:

• Kutapukirwa nebhakitiriya rinonzi H. pylori . Funga nezvazvo sebhakitiriya diki, rakaipa riri mudumbu mako. Rinogona kukuvadza jira rekudzivirira remudumbu meduodenum uye kukonzera maronda.
• Kushandisa mishonga inoderedza marwadzo inonzi 'NSAIDs' (mishonga isingarwisi kuzvimba) zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinoreva mishonga yakaita seaspirin neibuprofen. Dzimwe nguva tinotora mishonga iyi yekurwadziwa kwemuviri nemusoro. Asi kana tikaitora zvakanyanya uye nguva dzose, mhando idzi dzekukuvara dzinogona kuitika.

Zvakakosha: Kana ronda risina kurapwa rikapwanya nepakati pechidziviriro cheduodenum uye rikakuvadza tsinga yeropa iri shure kwayo, inonzi gastroduodenal artery, rinogona kukonzera kubuda ropa kwakanyanya. Ichi chirwere chinoda kurapwa nekukurumidza.

Pamusoro pezvo, zvirwere zvakawanda zvinowanzobata ura hudiki zvinogonawo kukanganisa duodenum. Mimwe mienzaniso ndeiyi:

• Brunner's gland adenomas: Aya mabundu asina kenza (asina kuipa).
• Chirwere cheCrohn: Ichi chirwere chinokonzera kuzvimba nekuzvimba kweura.
• Chirwere cheCeliac: Chirwere chinokonzera matambudziko ekugaya chikafu kana uchidya chikafu chine gluten.
• Duodenal atresia: Chirwere chekuti duodenum inovharika zvachose pakuzvarwa.
• Duodenal stenosis: Chirwere chekuti duodenum inotetepa (asi isina kuvharwa zvachose) pakuzvarwa.
• Kenza yeDuodenal: Kenza inotanga muduodenum.
• Duodenal diverticulum: Kaburi kadiki kakaita sehomwe kanobva pamadziro e duodenum. Izvi hazviwanzo kukonzera matambudziko kana kuda kurapwa kunze kwekunge zvabatwa nehutachiona uye kuzvimba (diverticulitis).
• Duodenitis: Kuzvimba kwe duodenum.
• Kuvharika kweura hudiki: Uku kunokonzerwa nekurapwa. Chikamu cheura hudiki, kusanganisira duodenum, chinovharika zvachose kana kuti zvishoma.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvedambudziko ne duodenum?

Zviratidzo zvinoenderana nerudzi rwechirwere chaunacho. Asi kazhinji, zviratidzo zvedambudziko mu duodenum zvakafanana nezviratidzo zvemamwe matambudziko mudumbu redu (`(GI tract)`). Zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Kurwadziwa kwemudumbu
• Kuzvimba uye gasi
• Kuzvimba
• Manyoka
• Kusvotwa nekurutsa
• Kusagadzikana kwekugaya chikafu mushure mekudya
• Kurutsa ropa kana kubuda ropa mutsvina (izvi zvinogona kuva chiratidzo chekubuda ropa kubva paronda)

Ndezvipi zviedzo zvinowanzoitwa kuti utarise hutano hwe duodenum?

Kana chiremba achifunga kuti une dambudziko ne duodenum yako, anogona kukuita bvunzo dzakadai sedzinotevera:

• Kuongororwa kwemweya kuti uone kana une hutachiona hweH. pylori.
• Maitiro ekuona mapundu nekuzvimba mukati me duodenum - semuenzaniso, ultrasound, X-ray, CT scan, uye MRI.
• Miedzo inosanganisira kuisa chubhu ine kamera ('scope') muduodenum kuti ionekwe mukati mayo - yakaita se'enteroscopy'` uye ''endoscopy yepamusoro'`.
• Kuongororwa kwe biopsy (kunosanganisira kutora chidimbu chidiki chenyama wochiongorora) kunoitwa kuti vaone kana paine bundu risingawanzoitika, rakadai sekenza.

Ndezvipi zvirwere zve duodenal zvinowanzoitwa?

Kurapwa kunoenderanawo nemamiriro ezvinhu. Marapirwo akajairika ndeaya:

• Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inopihwa kune hutachiona hwakaita seH. pylori.
• Corticosteroids inopihwa kuderedza kuzvimba kwakanyanya.
• Mishonga inoderedza huwandu hweasidhi mudumbu kana kuderedza acidity mudumbu - semuenzaniso , proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) , histamine receptor blockers (H2 blockers) , uye antacids .
• Kuvhiyiwa kunogadzirisa matambudziko emuviri kana kurapa kenza - muenzaniso wenzira yeWhipple .

Ndingaitei kuti duodenum yangu irambe iine hutano? (Shoko rekuenda naro kumba)

Duodenum chikamu chegadziriro yedu yese yekugaya chikafu. Saka, tsika dzakanaka dzinochengetedza hurongwa hwese hwekugaya chikafu dzakanakirawo duodenum. Heano zvimwe zvinhu zviri nyore zvaunogona kuita:

• Sarudza chikafu chinobatsira kuti kugaya chikafu chako kushande zvakanaka.
• Idya zvekudya zvakawanda zvine fiber (muriwo, michero, nyemba, zviyo zvese).
• Inwa mvura yakawanda. Zvese izvi zvinobatsira kugadzirisa kufamba kwedumbu rako uye kudzivirira kuvharika kwedumbu muura hwako hudiki.
• Kudya chikafu nemiriwo zvisina acid kunogona kubatsira kuchengetedza acidity yakanaka mudumbu.
• Dzivisa zvinhu zvinokuvadza ura hwako.
• Kusvuta nekunwa doro rakawandisa kunogona kukuvadza nhengo dzemuviri wedu wekugaya chikafu, kusanganisira duodenum.
• Kunwa mishonga inoderedza marwadzo yakaita seNSAIDs kakawanda uye zvakanyanya kunogona kukonzera maronda anorwadza.
• Kana uine matambudziko ekugaya chikafu, usaregeredza zviratidzo zvacho.
• Zvinhu zvakaita sekuchinja maitiro ako emudumbu, kusagadzikana mudumbu, kana kusagadzikana kwekugaya zvinogona kuva nani mumazuva mashoma. Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva zvinogona kuva chiratidzo chekuti unofanira kuchinja mararamiro ako kana kuona chiremba.
• Kana uine matambudziko ekugaya chikafu asingapere, usanonoka kutsvaga rubatsiro.

Mukupedzisa: Sisitimu yedu yekugaya chikafu ndiyo inotibatsira kugaya chikafu chatinodya, kunwisa zvinovaka muviri, uye kubvisa tsvina yasara mumiviri yedu. Kunyangwe duodenum iri chikamu chidiki cheiyi sisitimu, inoita basa guru mumabasa maviri makuru - kugaya chikafu uye kunwisa zvinovaka muviri . Saka, chengetedza duodenum yako. Nzira yakanakisa yekuita izvozvo ndeyekutarisira hutano hwako hwese hwekugaya chikafu. Ipa muviri wako chikafu chinovaka muviri. Ipapo duodenum inogona kugaya chikafu ichocho, kuchinwisa, uye kubatsira muviri wako kuwana simba.

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