Maswera sei nhasi? Tiri kuzokurukura chimwe chinhu chakakosha nezvemapapu enyu. Chiremba wenyu akambokurudzirai kuti muite bvunzo yekushanda kwemapapu here? Kana kuti pamwe mave muchinetseka nekufema nguva dzose kana kuti muchikosora? Kana zvakadaro, hurukuro iyi yakakosha zvikuru kwamuri. Ngatitsanangurei kuti bvunzo iyi chii, nei ichiitwa, uye kuti inoitwa sei, muchidimbu.
Chekutanga, mapapu edu chii?
Tisati tapinda mubvunzo idzi, ngatimbotorai nguva kuti tinzwisise kuti mapapu ako chii uye basa guru raanoita mumuviri wako.Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, mapapu ako nhengo mbiri dzakaita sechipanji, dzinoshamisa dziri kumativi ese echipfuva chako. Paunofema, mapapu ako anoshanda senzira yekupinda nayo, achitora okisijeni kubva mumhepo oiendesa muropa rako. Panguva imwe chete, anoita basa rinokosha rekubvisa tsvina yecarbon dioxide mumuviri wako. Kungofanana nemashizha anopa hupenyu kumuti, mapapu ako anopa mweya wehupenyu kwauri. Izvozvo zvine musoro here?
Saka, chii chaizvo chinonzi Lung Function Tests?
Ngatinyatsoongororai Mabvunzo Ekushanda Kwemapapu (LFTs), dzimwe nguva anonzi Mabvunzo Ekushanda Kwemapapu (PFTs). Muchidimbu, bvunzo idzi dzinoyera kuti mapapu ako ari kushanda zvakanaka sei—kunyanya, kuti unogona kufema nekuburitsa mweya zvinobudirira uye zvakanaka sei. Funga nezvazvo senzira yekuongorora mapapu ako; sezvinoita makanika achiongorora kushanda kweinjini, bvunzo idzi dzinopa chiremba wako ongororo yakajeka yehutano hwemapapu ako hwazvino.
Sei chiremba wenyu akakurudzira bvunzo iyi?
Ungave uchishamisika kuti sei chiremba wako wekuNirogi Lanka akaraira bvunzo iyi. Pane zvikonzero zvakakosha zvekuongorora uku:
- Kuongorora matambudziko ekufema: Kana uchinzwa kukosora nguva dzose, kufema kushoma, kuneta panguva yekushanda zvishoma (sekukwira masitepisi), kana kunzwa kusimba kwechipfuva uye kufemera, bvunzo idzi dzinobatsira kuona chikonzero chaicho.
- Kuongorora zvirwere zvemapapu: Miedzo iyi inokosha pakusimbisa kana kuongorora zvirwere zvisingaperi zvakaita seAsthma , COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) —zvinowanzobatanidzwa nekusvuta—uye Pulmonary Fibrosis .
- Kutarisa kufambira mberi kwechirwere: Kana uine chirwere chemapapu chakaonekwa kare, bvunzo idzi dzinoitwa nguva nenguva kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti chirongwa chako chekurapa chiri kushanda zvakanaka uye kuti uone kana chirwere chako chakasimba, chiri nani, kana kuti chichiwedzera kuipa.
- Ongororo isati yaitwa oparesheni: Ongororo idzi dzinotibatsira kuona kana mapapu ako akasimba zvakakwana kuti akwanise kutsungirira kushushikana kweoparesheni uye migumisiro yeanesthesia.
- Kuongorora kukuvara kwebasa: Kana basa rako richisanganisira kugara uchisangana neguruva, makemikari, kana zvinhu zvakaita seasbestos (semuenzaniso, mumigodhi kana kugadzira makemikari), tinoshandisa bvunzo idzi kuongorora kukuvara kwemapapu kwenguva refu.
Ndezvipi zvinonyanya kuonwa pakuongorora mashandiro emapapu?
Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzeLFTs, asi inonyanya kuzivikanwa—uye kazhinji danho rekutanga— ndiSpirometry .
Chii chinonzi Spirometry?
Kuongororwa kweSpirometry inzira iri nyore, isingapindi mumuviri. Uchakumbirwa kuvharira miromo yako pamuromo wakabatana nechinhu chinonzi Spirometer . Mushure mekufema zvakadzama, uchakumbirwa kufema nesimba uye zvizere sezvaunokwanisa— fungidzira uri kuedza kudzima makenduru ese ari pakeke rekuzvarwa kamwe chete.
Bvunzo iyi inonyanya kuyera zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha:
1. FVC (Forced Vital Capacity): Izvi zvinoyera huwandu hwese hwemhepo yaunogona kubudisa mushure mekufema zvakadzama sezvinobvira.
2. FEV1 (Volume yeKumanikidzwa Kubuda Mumhepo musekondi imwe): Izvi zvinoyera kuti mweya wakawanda sei waunogona kubudisa mukati mesekondi yekutanga yekufema kwacho kwamanikidzwa.
Nekuongorora zvinhu izvi, chiremba wako anogona kuona kuti mapapu ako ane hutano hwakadii uye kana paine zvipingamupinyi munzira dzekufema (dzakadai sedzinokonzerwa neasthma kana COPD). Semuenzaniso, munhu ane asthma anogona kuratidza FEV1 yakaderera kana tichienzanisa nemunhu ane hutano.
Unogonawo kuziva Peak Flow Meter . Ichi chishandiso chidiki, chinotakurika chinowanzo shandiswa nevarwere veasthma vari kumba kuti vaongorore mashandiro emapapu avo vari vega. Chinoshanda nepfungwa dzakafanana dzekufema nemhepo nesimba.
Kune mimwe mhando yebvunzo here?
Ehe, kunyange zvazvo spirometry ichiwanzoitika, kune bvunzo dzakanyatsogadzirwa dzekuongorora chirwere zvakadzama, idzo chiremba wako anokurudzira kana zvichidikanwa:
- Kuyedzwa kwehuwandu hwemapapu: Izvi zvinopa zviyero chaizvo zvehuwandu hwemapapu ako, zvakaita sehuwandu hwemhepo inogona kubatwa nemapapu ako (Total Lung Capacity) uye mweya unosara mushure mekufema kwakajairika (Residual Volume). Izvi zvinowanzosanganisira kugara mukati mekamuri kadiki, kane madziro egirazi kanonzi Body Plethysmograph .
- Kuedzwa kweGas Diffusion Tests (DLCO): Iyi bvunzo yakakosha inoyera kuti okisijeni inofamba sei zvakanaka kubva mumapapu (alveoli) kuenda muropa rako, zvichiratidza kuti mapapu ako anobatsira sei kuchinjana kwegasi.
- Miedzo yeKurovedza Mwoyo neMapupa: Kana chiremba wako achida kuona kuti mapapu ako, mwoyo, uye tsinga dzeropa zvinopindura sei kana uchineta, unogona kukumbirwa kuti uite maekisesaizi akareruka (sekufamba patreadmill kana kushandisa bhasikoro risina kumira) panguva yebvunzo.
Unofanira kugadzirira sei bvunzo?
Kugadzirira kwakakosha kuti uwane mhinduro dzakarurama. Chiremba wako kana vashandi vepachipatara kuNirogi Lanka vachakupa mirairo yakajeka, iyo inowanzo sanganisira zvinotevera:
- Kugadziriswa kwemishonga: Kana mukashandisa mishonga yekufema yeasthma kana mimwe mishonga yakaita sebronchodilators kuti ibatsire kufema, chiremba wenyu anogona kukukumbirai kuti mumbomira kwemaawa mashoma (kazhinji maawa 4-6 kana 12) bvunzo isati yaitwa. Zvisinei, ndapota yeukai: musamisa kana kuchinja chero mishonga yenyu musina mirairo yakajeka kubva kuna chiremba wenyu.
- Dzivisa kusvuta: Unofanira kurega kusvuta zvachose pazuva rekuongororwa uye, zvishoma nezvishoma, kwemaawa maviri usati watanga kusvuta.
- Dzivisa kudya zvakawanda:Usadya chikafu chakawanda nguva pfupi usati waenda kunoongororwa. Dumbu rakazara rinogona kukanganisa kugona kwemapapu ako kukura zvakakwana, zvichiita kuti zviomere kufema zvakadzika.
- Pfeka mbatya dzinonyaradza: Dzivisa mbatya dzakasimba, dzinokumanikidza dziri pachipfuva chako kana muchiuno. Asi, pfeka mbatya dzisina kusimba uye dzinokunyaradza dzinokubvumira kufema zvakasununguka.
- Caffeine uye kurovedza muviri: Unogona kukurudzirwa kuti usashandise caffeine (inowanikwa mutii, kofi, nezvimwewo) uye kuita maekisesaizi akaoma kwemaawa akati wandei usati waenda kunoongororwa.
Pamusoro pezvo, kana muine zviratidzo zvakaita sedzihwa, fivha, kana kukosora pazuva rekuongororwa kwenyu kwakarongwa, ndapota zivisai chiremba wenyu kana nzvimbo yekuongororwa nekukasika. Kusangana kwenyu kungada kumbomiswa kwezuva rimwe kana maviri.
Chii chinoitika panguva yekuongorora kweSpirometry?
Ngationgororei zvinoitika panguva yekuongororwa kwespirometry. Ndapota iva nechokwadi chekuti hapana chekutya. Iyi inzira isingakuvadzi muviri uye isingarwadzi.
1. Uchagara zvakanaka pachigaro.
2. Chidzitiro chemhino chakapfava chichaiswa pamhino yako. Izvi zvinoita kuti ufeme nemuromo wako chete, zvichidzivirira mweya kuti usabude nemhino dzako panguva yekuedzwa.
3. Nyanzvi kana mukoti achakukumbira kuti uise miromo yako zvakasimba pamuromo we spirometer kuti uvhare zvakasimba, zvichiita kuti mhepo isabude.
4. Pakutanga, uchakumbirwa kufema zvakanaka kwekanguva.
5. Zvadaro chikamu chakakosha chinouya: Nyanzvi ichakurayira kuti: “Fema zvakadzama, zadza mapapu ako zvakanyanya sezvaunokwanisa!” Kana wangopedza izvozvo, vachati, “Zvino, budisa mweya nesimba, nekukurumidza, uye kwenguva yakareba sezvaunokwanisa! Ramba uchifemera, ramba uchifemera kusvika mapapu ako apera zvachose!”
Funga nezvazvo sekunge uri kuedza kudzima makenduru ese ari pakeke rekuzvarwa panguva imwe chete, kana kuzadza bharumu guru kamwe chete. Unofanira kuedza nepaunogona napo. Unganzwa kuneta zvishoma, kana dzimwe nguva kusuruvara zvishoma, asi izvi zvakajairika.
6. Uchakumbirwa kudzokorora maitiro aya kakawanda (kazhinji kacho katatu kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti wakarurama). Uchawana nguva yekuzorora pakati pekuedza kwega kwega.
7. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mushure mekuongororwa kwekutanga, unogona kupihwa mushonga webronchodilator (kazhinji uchishandisa inhaler). Unomirira kwemaminitsi gumi kusvika makumi maviri wobva wadzokorora maitiro ekupumha. Izvi zvinozivikanwa se'Post-Bronchodilator Spirometry.' Zvinobatsira kuona kuti nzira dzako dzekufema dzinopindura sei pamushonga. Izvi zvakakosha pakuongorora zvirwere zvakaita seasthma.
Bvunzo yese inowanzo tora maminetsi makumi matatu kusvika makumi mana nemashanu. Nyanzvi ichakutungamirira padanho rega rega. Kana uchinzwa kusagadzikana chero nguva, usazeza kuvaudza.
Chii chingatiudzei kubva muongororo iyi?
Kana bvunzo yapera, chiremba wako achaongorora data (rakadai seFVC neFEV1 values) nemagrafu kuti akutsanangurire zvawakawana. Izvi zvinopa ruzivo rwakakosha:
- Kuziva mamiriro emapapu: Zvinobatsira kuziva kana uine zvirwere zvakaita seasthma, COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, kana bronchiectasis.
- Kuongorora kuoma kwechirwere: Kana chirwere chiripo, zvinhu izvi zvinobatsira kupatsanura kuoma kwacho (semuenzaniso, kushoma, pakati nepakati, kana kwakanyanya).
- Kuisa chirwere ichi mumapoka (Chinodzivisa kufema vs. Chinodzivisa kufema): Matambudziko emapapu akakamurwa zvakanyanya kuva zvirwere 'zvinodzivisa kufema' (uko nzira dzekufema dzakatetepa, seasthma kana COPD) uye zvirwere 'zvinodzivisa kufema' (uko mapapu asingakwanise kukura zvizere, se pulmonary fibrosis). Spirometry inobatsira kusiyanisa marudzi aya.
- Kutarisa kushanda kwekurapa: Kana watove uri pakurapwa, bvunzo idzi dzinoitwa nguva nenguva kuti uone kana mashandiro emapapu ako ari kuvandudzika kana kuti ari kugadzikana.
Chiremba wako haazotarise mhinduro idzi ari ega asi achadzienzanisa nezviratidzo zvako, nhoroondo yezvekurapa, uye zvimwe zviedzo zvekuongorora (sekutorwa kweX-ray pachifuva). Saka, kana uine mibvunzo kana kuti ukaona kuti chimwe chikamu chemhinduro hachina kujeka, ndapota usazeza kubvunza chiremba wako—ita shuwa kuti unonzwisisa hutano hwako zvizere.
Pane njodzi kana kusagadzikana kunokonzerwa nebvunzo iyi here?
Kuongororwa kwespirometry kunoonekwa senzira yakachengeteka zvikuru. Njodzi dzakakomba hadziwanzowaniki.
Zvisinei, vamwe vanhu vanogona kunzwa kusagadzikana kudiki panguva yekuongororwa kana kuti mushure mekuongororwa:
- Kuneta kana dzungu: Kufema kwacho nekumanikidzwa kunogona kunetsa, uye vamwe vanhu vanogona kunzwa kusuruvara kwenguva pfupi, izvo zvinowanzopera zvega mukati memaminitsi.
- Kukosora: Kufema zvakadzama uye kufema nesimba kunogona kukonzera kukosora mune vamwe vanhu.
- Kubata chifuva: Pane dzimwe nguva, unogona kunzwa kubatwa zvishoma muchipfuva.
- Musoro: Kashoma, vamwe vanhu vanogona kunzwa musoro mudiki mushure mekuongororwa.
Zvisinei, kana wakambobatwa nechirwere chemwoyo munguva pfupi yapfuura, wakavhiyiwa chipfuva chikuru, wakavhiyiwa maziso zvakanyanya (sekubviswa cataract), wakatambura neBP yakakwira isingadzoreki, kana kuti wakambosangana nechirwere chakadai semapapu akadonha (pneumothorax), chiremba wako achanyatsoongorora kana bvunzo iyi yakakodzera iwe. Zvakakosha kuti upe chiremba wako nhoroondo yakakwana uye yakarurama yehutano hwako hwazvino uye chero mishonga yauri kutora.
Zvinhu zvinokosha zvekurangarira kumba
Takurukura zvakawanda nezveKuongororwa Kwebasa reMapupa, kunyanya Spirometry. Ndinovimba wava kunzwisisa zvakajeka maitiro acho. Heano zvinhu zvakakosha kuti urangarire:
- Kuongororwa kwebasa remapapu kunoratidzaNzira inokosha zvikuru, iri nyore, isingarwadzi, uye yakachengeteka yekutarisa hutano hwemapapu ako uye kuona kuti ari kushanda zvakanaka sei.
- Kana uine zviratidzo zvinogara zvichiitika zvakaita sekukosora kusingaperi, kufemereka, kufema zvishoma, kana kusimba kwechipfuva, usamirira kuti zvipere zvega; bvunza chiremba nekukurumidza. Kana zvichidikanwa, chiremba wako achakurudzira bvunzo idzi.
- Kuongororwa kweSpirometry ndiyo bvunzo inowanzoitwa uye inodzidzisa zvakawanda muchikamu ichi. Usati waenda kunoona chiremba, iva nechokwadi chekuti wanyatsotevedzera mirairo yachiremba wako maererano nemishonga uye mitemo yekudya.
- Hapana chikonzero chekunetseka panguva yebvunzo. Matekiniki edu ane hunyanzvi aripo kuti akutungamirire uye akutsigire panguva yese yebvunzo—ingoedza nepese paunogona napo kutevedzera mirairo yavo.
- Kana zvabuda muongororo yenyu zvawanikwa, kurukurai nachiremba wenyu zvizere. Bvunzai mibvunzo yamunenge muinayo kuti muve nechokwadi chekuti manzwisisa zvabuda muongororo yenyu nematanho anotevera.
Mapapu ako chinhu chinokosha chinochengetedza hupenyu hwako. Kuisa hutano hwavo pamberi, kutora matanho ekudzivirira chirwere, uye kuongororwa kana zvichidikanwa kwakakosha. Nirogi Lanka anokushuvira hutano hwako hwese!
Kuongororwa Kwebasa reMapapu , Spirometry, Asthma, COPD, Kufema, Hutano hweMapapu
