Wakamboenda kunzvimbo dzisina mvura here, semuenzaniso, kunzvimbo dzakadai seAnuradhapura kana Polonnaruwa? Unofanira kunge wakanzwa vakuru vachikuudza kuti uchenjerere umhutu paunenge uchienda. Chikonzero chikuru cheizvozvo chirwere chinonzi malaria. Kunyangwe chaimbova dambudziko guru rehutano munyika yedu, Sri Lanka ikozvino yakapihwa chitupa neWorld Health Organisation senyika isina malaria. Ihwohwo kubudirira kukuru! Zvisinei, izvo hazvirevi kuti tinofanira kukanganwa nezvazvo zvachose.
Zvakakosha kuziva malaria, kunyanya kana uri kuenda kunze kwenyika kubasa kana rwendo. Saka, nhasi tichataura nezve kuti malaria chii, inopararira sei, uye kuti tingazvidzivirira sei.
Chii chinonzi malaria chaizvo?
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, malaria chirwere chakakomba, dzimwe nguva chinouraya chinokonzerwa neparasite. Chirwere ichi chinotapuriranwa kwatiri kuburikidza nekurumwa neumhutu hukadzi (Anopheles species) hune malaria. Parasite iyi painopinda muropa redu, inotanga yaenda kuchiropa. Ikoko, inowanda, yopindazve muropa uye inotanga kuparadza masero matsvuku eropa. Ndipo patinotanga kuratidza zviratidzo. Kunyangwe malaria isingachawanikwe muSri Lanka, chirwere ichi chichiri kuwanikwa munyika dzine mamiriro ekunze anodziya akadai senyika dzeAfrica, dzimwe nyika dziri kuSouth neSoutheast Asia, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzeSouth America. Saka, kana uri kuenda kunyika yakadaro, zvakakosha kuziva izvi.
Ndeapi marudzi ezvipembenene anokonzera malaria?
Malaria inokonzerwa nechirwere chinonzi Plasmodium. Kune mhando dzakawanda dzemarariya dzinokonzera malaria muvanhu. Hadzisi dzose dzakafanana; dzimwe dzine njodzi kupfuura dzimwe.
| Rudzi rwezvipembenene | Tsananguro |
|---|
| Plasmodium falciparum | Rudzi urwu ndirwo rune njodzi huru. Runowanda nekukurumidza mumuviri. Runogona kukonzera zvinhu zvakaita sekushaya ropa kwakanyanya uye kuvharika kwetsinga diki dzeropa muuropi. Kana zvikakanganisa uropi, tinozviti malaria yeuropi . Izvi zvinotyisidzirawo hupenyu. Zvinonyanya kuitika muAfrica. |
| Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) | Rudzi urwu rwakasiyana zvishoma. Runogona kuramba rwakavanda muchiropa kwemwedzi yakawanda, kunyange makore, mushure mekurumwa neumhutu uye rwozodzokazve (kudzokazve). Runowanikwa muAsia neLatin America. |
| Plasmodium ovale (P. ovale) | Izvi zvakafanana zvikuru neP. vivax uye zvinonyanya kuwanikwa kuWest Africa nezvitsuwa zvekumadokero kwePacific. |
| Plasmodium malariae (P. malariae) | Kana rukasarapwa zvakanaka, rudzi urwu runogona kukonzera hutachiona hunogara kweupenyu hwese. Hunowanikwa pasi rese. |
| Plasmodium knowlesi (P. knowlesi) | Kunyangwe iri mhando yechirwere ichi inowanzo bata tsoko, zvave kuonekwa kuti inogonawo kubata vanhu. Inowanda mumaawa makumi maviri nemana chete, saka inogona kukurumidza kupararira. Inowanikwa kuSoutheast Asia. |
Malaria inotapuriranwa sei?
Hazvitapurirwi kubva kumunhu kuenda kune mumwe sedzihwa kana furuu, kuburikidza nekuhotsira, kubata, kana pabonde. Izvi zvinoreva kuti malaria haitapurirwi. Zvisinei, kashoma, inogona kupararira nedzimwe nzira:
- Nekuwedzerwa ropa kubva kumunhu ane hutachiona (asi ikozvino, nekuti ropa rinoongororwa risati rapihwa, mukana wekuti izvi zviitike wakaderera kwazvo).
- Nekugovana tsono dzakabatwa neropa rine utachiona.
- Kubva kuna amai vane pamuviri vane hutachiona kuenda kumwana wavo, panguva yekuzvitakura kana pakusununguka.
Zviratidzo zvemalaria ndezvipi?
Zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa
mazuva gumi kusvika gumi nemashanu mushure mekurumwa neumhutu. Zvisinei, mamwe marudzi ehutachiona (kunyanya P. vivax) anogona kutora nguva yakareba. Zviratidzo zvekutanga zvinogona kunge zvakaita sedzihwa kana furuu, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuvhiringa.
Zviratidzo zvinogona kuitika kana chirwere chacho chakanyanya
| Zviratidzo zvakajairika |
|---|
| - Fivha yakanyanya | - Kurwadziwa kwemuviri |
| - Kutonhora | - Musoro |
| - Kudikitira zvakanyanya | - Kusvotwa kana kurutsa |
| - Kuneta kwakanyanya | - Manyoka |
| - Kutsvuka kweganda nemaziso (jaundice) | - Kuvhiringidzika |
| - Kubatwa nepfari/kugwinha | - Kutadza kushanda zvakanaka kweitsvo |
| - Ropa riri mutsvina | - Kuomerwa nekufema |
Unofanira kuona chiremba rini?
Ichi ndicho chinhu chakakosha. Malaria chirwere chinogona kukura nekukurumidza. Saka,
zvakakosha kutsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba nekukurumidza. Kana uchangobva kushanyira nyika ine malaria uye uine chimwe chezviratidzo zvataurwa pamusoro apa, enda kuna chiremba nekukasika. Iva nechokwadi chekuudza chiremba wako nezvenhoroondo yerwendo rwako.
- Kudzikira kana kurasikirwa nepfungwa
- Kuzvimba
- Kuoma kufema
- ZvakawandisaKuneta uye kuneta
- Weti yakasviba kana ropa muweti
- Kutsvuka kweganda nemaziso
- Kubuda ropa kusingajairika
Nzira yekuongorora marariya?
Zvichienderana nezviratidzo zvako uye nhoroondo yekufamba kwako, chiremba wako anogona kufungidzira kuti une malaria. Vachaita bvunzo dzakawanda kuti vasimbise.
- Kusveta Ropa: Iyi ndiyo bvunzo inonyanya kukosha uye yakarurama. Donhwe reropa kubva mumunwe wako rinoiswa pa slide, rozoiswa dhayi chaiyo, uye roongororwa nemaikorosikopu. Izvi zvinogona kuratidza kana tupukanana turipo, rudzii rwacho, uye kuti tingani tiripo.
- Kuongororwa Kwekukurumidza (RDT): Iyi bvunzo inogona kupa mhinduro nekukurumidza. Kufanana nekuongororwa kweCOVID-19 kumba, donhwe reropa rinoiswa pamutsetse webvunzo. Zvisinei, izvi hazviwanzo ratidza rudzi chairwo rwechirwere, saka kuongororwa kweropa kunofanirawo kuitwa.
- Kuongororwa kweMolecular (PCR): Kuongororwa uku kunoongorora kuvapo kweDNA yechirwere ichi muropa. Kuongororwa uku kunobatsira kuona rudzi rwechirwere ichi.
- Kuongororwa kweAntibody: Izvi zvinoongorora kana wakamborwara nemalaria kare.
Kurapa nekudzivirira
Kurapwa kwaunowana kunoenderana nezvinhu zvakati wandei. Semuenzaniso, rudzi rwechirwere chawakabatwa nacho, kuoma kwezviratidzo zvako, zera rako, kana uine pamuviri, uye nzvimbo yawakabatwa nayo. Mishonga yaunganyorerwa nachiremba inogona kusanganisira Chloroquine, Artemether-lumefantrine, uye Primaquine.
Usambofa wakashandisa mishonga iyi usina kurairwa nachiremba. Ungazvidzivirira sei kubva kumalaria?
"Kudzivirira kuri nani pane kurapa," vanodaro. Kana uri kuenda kunyika ine njodzi yemalaria, ita zvinhu izvi.
- Pfeka mbatya dzinofukidza ganda: mabhurugwa marefu, hembe dzine maoko marefu.
- Shandisa mushonga unouraya zvipembenene: Isa mushonga unouraya zvipembenene une chinhu chakaita seDEET panzvimbo dzakaonekwa dzeganda.
- Shandisa mambure eumhutu: Kana wakarara, kushandisa mambure eumhutu, kunyanya akamborapwa nemushonga wezvipembenene (wakaita se permethrin), kunodzivirira zvikuru.
- Wana mushonga wekudzivirira: Ona chiremba usati waenda uye uwane mushonga wekudzivirira malaria wakakodzera nzvimbo yauri kuenda. Mushonga uyu unofanira kutorwa kwenguva yakatarwa usati waenda, panguva, uye mushure merwendo rwako.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Malaria chirwere chinogona kuuraya chinoparadzirwa nekurumwa neumhutu hune utachiona.
- Kunyangwe hazvo malaria yakabviswa muSri Lanka, vanhu vekuSri Lanka vanoenda kunyika dzine njodzi yekubatwa nemalaria vachiri panjodzi.
- Kana ukaona zviratidzo zvakaita sefivha, dzihwa, uye musoro, kunyanya mushure mekufamba kunze kwenyika, tsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba nekukasika .
- Usati waenda kunzvimbo ine njodzi yemalaria, taura nachiremba wako nezvekuzvidzivirira kubva kumumhutu uye kutora mishonga yekudzivirira.
- Kuongororwa nekukurumidza uye kurapwa kunogona kudzivirira matambudziko akakomba anokonzerwa nemarariya.
Marariya, Marariya Sinhala, Zvirwere zvinotakurwa neumhutu, Zviratidzo zveMarariya, Kurapwa kweMarariya, Dziviriro kubva kuMarariya, Plasmodium
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