Pamwe wakambova nefivha, hutachiona hwenzeve, kana kurwadziwa pahuro ukaenda kuna chiremba ukapihwa mushonga werudzi rwe 'penicillin'. Pamwe mwana wako akapihwawo mushonga uyu. Saka, chii chinonzi 'penicillin' iyi inoshandiswa nevanhu vazhinji munyika medu? Chii chaizvo chinoita kumuviri wedu? Ngatitaurei nezvazvo zvese nenzira iri nyore nhasi.
Penicillin mushonga werudzii?
Muchidimbu, penicillin iboka remishonga inonzi maantibiotics . Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya imhando yemushonga unorwisa nekuparadza hutachiona hwemabhakitiriya hwapinda mumiviri yedu. Funga nezvemabhakitiriya seuto remuvengi rapinda mumiviri yedu. Penicillin yakafanana neuto redu rinorwisa hondo iyoyo yemuvengi.
Kune mimwe mishonga iri muboka iri inonzi penicillin. Yese iyi inowanzonzi 'penicillins'. Iyi iboka diki remhuri huru yemaantibiotics anonzi `beta-lactams'.
Tinowana mushonga uyu nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana.
- Chimiro chemuromo: Mapiritsi kana manyuchi atinowanzo shandisa kumba.
- Mushonga unopinzwa mutsinga (IV): Mushonga unopinzwa zvakananga mutsinga nachiremba kana nesi muchipatara kana kiriniki.
Penicillin inoshandiswa kuzvirwere zvipi?
Vanachiremba vanopa penicillin mushonga wezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokonzerwa nemabhakitiriya. Pamwe wakambonzwa nezvechirwere ichi kare. Ngationei kuti chii.
| Utachiona | Tsananguro iri nyore |
|---|---|
| Utachiona hwehuro (Strep throat) | Utachiona hunokonzera kurwadziwa pahuro uye kuoma kumedza. |
| Utachiona hwenzeve (Otitis media) | Kutapukira kwenzeve nekurwadziwa kwenzeve kwakajairika, kunyanya kuvana vadiki. |
| Utachiona hweWeti (UTIs) | Utachiona hunokonzera zviratidzo zvakaita sekuzvimba kweurethra uye kuita weti nguva nenguva. |
| Chirwere chemabayo | Utachiona hunokanganisa mapapu, zvichikonzera kukosora uye kuoma kufema. |
| Mamota nezvirwere zveganda (Staph infections) | Zvinhu zvakaita semapundu eganda uye maronda ari kuputira. |
| Zvimwe zvirwere zvakakomba | Inoshandiswawo pazvirwere zvakaita se meningitis, Salmonella, syphilis, gonorrhea, uye hutachiona hwemazino. |
Kune mhando dzepenicillin here?
Ehe, kune mhando dzakawanda dzepenicillin. Kupatsanurwa uku kunoitwa zvichienderana nekuti dzinogadzirwa sei uye mhando dzebhakitiriya dzavanogona kuuraya.
1. Mapenicillin echisikigo
Izvi hazvina kugadzirwa nevanhu. Zvakatanga kuwanikwa mumhando yeforoma inowanikwa munharaunda. Masayendisiti anongobvisa penicillin kubva muforoma iyoyo chete uye anogadzira mishonga. Penicillin G (inopihwa netsinga) uye Penicillin V (inotorwa nemuromo) mienzaniso yerudzi urwu.
2. Mapenicillin asina kugadzirwa
Izvi zvinogadzirwa nekutora penicillin yechisikigo uye kuigadzirisa murabhoritari kuti ive yakasimba uye inoshanda zvakanyanya pakurwisa mabhakitiriya akasiyana-siyana. Kunewo mamwe marudzi:
- Aminopenicillins: Aya ndiwo anozivikanwa zvikuru pakati pedu. Ungave wakambonzwa nezveAmoxicillin neAmpicillin . Vanachiremba vanopa mishonga iyi kune zvirwere zvakawanda zvakajairika, zvakaita sehutachiona hwenzeve nehutachiona hweweti.
- Penicillins isingapindi penicillinase: Mamwe mabhakitiriya anogadzira enzyme (penicillinase) inoparadza penicillin. Rudzi urwu rwakagadzirirwa kudzivirira enzyme iyoyo kuti isaparadze. Mishonga yakaita se'Nafcillin' uye 'oxacillin' ndeyeboka iri.
- Mishonga yepenicillin yakawedzerwa: Iyi inoshandiswa kurapa hutachiona hwakaoma hwebhakitiriya. `Piperacillin` ndeimwe yemishonga yakadaro.
3. Mishonga yePenicillin yakasanganiswa
Dzimwe nguva penicillin inopihwa pamwe chete nemumwe mushonga. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti mamwe mabhakitiriya anogadzira nzira dzekudzivirira kubva kupenicillin. Mumwe mushonga unowedzerwa kuti uparadze nzira idzodzo dzekudzivirira. Ungave wakapihwa mushonga unonzi Augmentin® (musanganiswa weamoxicillin neclavulanic acid). Mushonga uyu unosanganiswa.
Mushonga uyu unoshanda sei mumuviri?
Zviri nyore kwazvo. Penicillin inoenda zvakananga kumadziro esero ebhakitiriya yozvibatanidza pairi. Funga nezvebhakitiriya seimba yakakomberedzwa nemadziro. Zvinoitwa nepenicillin kukuvadza madziro iwayo. Sezvinongoita chero chinhu chinogona kupinda mumba kana madziro akatyoka, kana madziro esero akakuvara, mabhakitiriya haagone kurarama uye anoparadzwa.
Asi pane dambudziko diki pano. Nekufamba kwenguva, mamwe mabhakitiriya akadzidza kudzivirira kurwiswa kwepenicillin uku. Kureva kuti, akawana nzira dzekutiza kana mushonga wauya. Isu tinodana izvi kuti kusakwanisa kushandisa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya . Iri idambudziko guru rehutano. Mamwe marudzi emabhakitiriya, akadai se'MRSA', haadi kubatwa nemarudzi akawanda epenicillin, zvichiita kuti hutachiona ihwohwo huve hwakaoma kurapa.
Ndezvipi zvimwe zvinogona kukonzera penicillin?
Kufanana nemushonga upi zvawo, penicillin inogona kukonzera migumisiro midiki. Zvisinei, havasi vese vanoiwana. Inonyanya kuwanikwa ndeiyi:
- Kusvotwa
- Kurutsa
- Manyoka
- Mapundu eganda
- Kuchinja mukuravira kana kunhuhwirira kwechikafu
- Musoro
Migumisiro iyi inowanzova isina kunaka. Kutora mushonga pamwe nechikafu kunogona kubatsira kuderedza zvinhu zvakaita sekuda kurutsa. Asi kana migumisiro yacho ikakunetsa, taura nachiremba wako .
Ndezvipi njodzi dzinofanira kungwarira zvakanyanya?
Pane zvinhu zvitatu zvatinofanira kunyatsoteerera patinenge tichishandisa penicillin.
1. Kusawirirana neAllergy
Iyi ndiyo njodzi yakakura kwazvo. Kunyangwe vanhu vazhinji vachiti vane allergy ku penicillin, vashoma kwazvo vane allergy yakadaro. Asi kana uine allergy, inogona kuva nengozi. Kana ukaona zviratidzo zvakaita sekurutsa, kunetseka kufema, mapundu anopararira mumuviri wako wese, uye kuzvimba kwechiso , zvinogona kuva chiratidzo chekusawirirana kwakakomba. Kana zvakadaro, enda kuchipatara chiri pedyo nechipatara (ETU) nekukasika.
2. C. chirwere che diff
Izvi zvingaita sezvisinganzwisisike. Patinotora mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, mabhakitiriya akanaka ari mudumbu medu anogonawo kufa. Izvi zvinoita kuti mabhakitiriya akaipa anonzi Clostridium difficile (C. diff) akure asingadzoreki. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera manyoka akanyanya, kurwadziwa mudumbu zvakanyanya, uye fivha . Ichi chirwere chakakombawo. Kana uine manyoka akanyanya paunenge uchitora mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, enda kuna chiremba nekukasika.
3. Kuramba Mishonga Inorwisa Mabhakitiriya
Sezvandambotaura, iri idambudziko guru. Kana tikatora mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya paisingadiwi (semuenzaniso, yefivha inotapukira), kana tikarega kutora mushonga usati wanyorerwa nachiremba, mabhakitiriya ane mukana wekusakwanisa kupindura mushonga wacho.
Zvakakosha: Kunyangwe uchinzwa zviri nani, tora mushonga sezvawakarairwa nachiremba wako kwemazuva ese. Kana ukasadaro, mabhakitiriya anosara mumuviri wako anogona kusimba oita kuti hutachiona hudzoke. Mushonga wacho ungasashanda nguva inotevera.
Ndeipi nguva dzakanakisa dzekuona chiremba?
Zvakakosha zvikuru kuzivisa kana kuona chiremba wako muzviitiko zvinotevera.
| Mukana | Zvekuita |
|---|---|
| Kana muine mibvunzo nezvekuti mungatora sei mushonga | Bvunza chiremba wako kuti akusimbise zvechokwadi. |
| Kana kutora mushonga kwakaoma nekuda kwemigumisiro yakaipa | Taura nachiremba wako usati warega kushandisa mushonga. Iye achakupa imwe nzira. |
| Kana uine manyoka akanyanya | Kana uine manyoka anobuda mvura kakawanda pazuva kana uine zviratidzo zvekusashanda zvakanaka mumuviri (miromo yakaoma, maziso akanyura), enda kuchipatara nekukasika. |
| Kana zviratidzo zvekurwara zvikaonekwa | Kana uine zviratidzo zvakakomba zvakaita sekuoma kufema, kurutsa, kana kuzvimba kwechiso , enda kuchipatara kuEmergency Department (ETU) nekukasika. |
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Penicillin mushonga unoshanda zvikuru pakurwisa hutachiona hwemabhakitiriya. Haushandi pakurwisa hutachiona hwemavhairasi (sedzihwa).
- Shandisa huwandu chaihwo hwemishonga yawakanyorerwa nachiremba wako kuti urapwe zvizere. Usarega kutora mushonga kunyangwe uchinzwa zviri nani.
- Kana uchinzwa kusagadzikana, sekusvotwa, paunenge uchitora mushonga, tora pamwe chete nechikafu. Kana dambudziko rikaramba riripo, udza chiremba wako.
- Kana ukaona zviratidzo zvakakomba zvekurwara nepfungwa zvakaita sekuoma kufema, kuzvimba kwechiso, kana mapundu, enda kuchipatara nekukasika.
- Usamboshandisa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya yasara kubva pachirwere chekare kune chimwe chirwere usina kupiwa zano nachiremba.
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