Mwana wako mudiki anowanzobatwa nedzihwa uye mhino yake yakavharika here? Kana kuti vabereki vako vakwegura vanokosora uye vanonetseka kufema here? Dzimwe nguva zvirwere izvi zvinogona kuva zviratidzo zvechirwere chakakomba senge pneumonia. Asi musazvidya mwoyo, pane nzira inoshanda zvikuru yekudzivirira vana vedu nevakuru kubva kuzvirwere zvine njodzi zvakadaro. Ndiyo mushonga wepneumococcal. Nhasi, tichataura nezvese nezve mushonga uyu.
Chii chinonzi Pneumococcal Jekiseni?
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, izvi zvakafanana nechidzitiro chinodzivirira chinopinzwa mumiviri yedu. Mushonga uyu unotidzivirira kubva kuzvirwere zvinokonzerwa nebhakitiriya rinonzi Streptococcus pneumoniae. Utachiona uhwu ndihwo hwatinodaidza kuti 'pneumococcus' muchidimbu.
Utachiona uhwu hunogona kukonzera zvirwere zvakanyanya zvekufema (kuoma kufema) nezvimwe zvinetso zvakakomba, kunyanya kuvana vadiki nevakwegura. Izvi ndizvo zvatinoshandisa mushonga uyu kudzivirira.
Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemishonga yekudzivirira chirwere chepneumococcal dziri kushandiswa pari zvino. Inonzi `conjugate vaccines`. Izvi zvinoreva kuti yakagadzirirwa kukurudzira zviri nani kugona kwemuviri wedu kurwisa zvirwere (immune system). Mhando huru ndeidzi:
- PCV13
- PCV15
- PCV20
- PCV21
Nhamba dziri mumazita aya dzinoratidza huwandu hwemarudzi ebhakitiriya epneumococcus anogona kudzorwa nemushonga wekudzivirira.
Pamusoro pezvo, kune imwe nhomba yekare inonzi `PPSV23`. Iyi inowanzopihwa kuvana vane makore anopfuura maviri ekuberekwa, avo vane zvimwe zvirwere zvisingaperi, uye vakuru vakatogamuchira nhomba yePCV15.
Ndezvipi zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nechirwere chepneumococcal?
Kana mabhakitiriya epneumococcus akapinda mumiviri yedu, anogona kukonzera zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvine njodzi. Vamwe vanhu vanogona kunge vaine mabhakitiriya aya muhuro dzavo vasina zviratidzo. Zvisinei, kunyange vanhu ivavo vanogona kuparadzira kune vamwe kuburikidza nemadonhwe madiki anoburitswa pavanofema, vachikosora, kana kuhotsira.
Mushonga uyu unotidzivirira kubva kuzvirwere zvakakomba zvakaita se:
| Chirwere | Tsananguro iri nyore |
|---|---|
| Bacterial Meningitis | Kutapukirwa kwemasero akakomberedza uropi nemusana. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera migumisiro yakaipa yakadai sekurasikirwa nendangariro, coma, rufu, upofu, kana kuoma mitezo. |
| Chirwere chemabayo | Utachiona hwemapapu. Izvi zvinokonzera kukosora, fivha, uye kufema zvakaoma. |
| Utachiona hwenzeve dzepakati (Otitis Media) | Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira kurwadziwa kwenzeve, kuzvimba, kushaya hope, fivha, uye, kuvana vadiki, kugara vachichema. |
| Mabhakitiriya | Dambudziko rine njodzi apo utachiona hunopinda muropa huchipararira mumuviri wese. |
| Utachiona hweSinus | Utachiona hune chekuita nemazino echiso (sinuses). |
Fungidzira, vasati vatanga kushandisa mushonga uyu, vana vakawanda vari pasi pemakore mashanu vakafa nechirwere chepneumonia pasi rese. Asi mushure mekutangwa kwemushonga uyu muna 2000, kuwanda kwechirwere ichi pakati pevana nevakuru kwakadzikira zvakanyanya.
Mishonga iyi yakachengeteka zvechokwadi here? Pane mimwe migumisiro yakaipa here?
Ehe, zvechokwadi. Mishonga yekudzivirira yePCV nePPSV yakachengeteka zvikuru . Sezvimwe nemishonga yese, pane mukana mudiki wekuti munhu anzwe allergy, asi mukana wekukuvara zvakanyanya kana kufa wakaderera.
Aya ndiwo matambudziko madiki anowanzoonekwa:
- Kune vana vadiki (mushure mekubayiwa nhomba yePCV):
- Kutsvuka, kurwadziwa kudiki, kana kuzvimba panzvimbo yekubaiwa jekiseni.
- Fivha yakaderera (anenge mwana mumwe chete pavana vatatu).
- Fivha isina kudzika (anenge mwana mumwe chete pavana makumi mashanu).
- Dzimwe nguva pane kurasikirwa nechido chekudya, kuchema kakawanda, kana hope.
- Kune vakuru (mushure mekubayiwa nhomba yePPSV):
- Kutsvuka kana kurwadziwa panzvimbo yekubaiwa jekiseni (anenge munhu mumwe chete pavanhu vaviri).
- Vari pasi pe1% vanonzwa zvinhu zvakaita sefivha kana kurwadziwa kwetsandanyama.
Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti migumisiro yakawanda iyi idiki uye inopera zvachose mukati memazuva mashoma.
Ndiani anofanira kuwana mushonga uyu? Rini?
Ngationei kuti mushonga uyu unokurudzirwa kushandiswa naani uye kuti unofanira kupiwa nguva yakadii.
Kune vacheche nevana vadiki
Zvinokurudzirwa kuti vacheche vese vari pasi pemakore maviri vapihwe madosi mana ejekiseni, zvichienderana neizvi:
- Dose yekutanga: Pamwedzi miviri
- Dose yechipiri: Pamwedzi mina
- Dosi yechitatu: Pamwedzi mitanhatu
- Chipimo chekuwedzera: Pakati pemwedzi 12-15
Kana nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero nhomba isingakwanise kupihwa panguva iyi, chiremba achapa purogiramu yakakodzera zvichienderana nezera remwana.
Kune vana vane makore 2-18
Vana vasina kupedza nhevedzano yekubaiwa majekiseni vachiri vana kana vane zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakaita sechirwere cheitsvo chisingaperi, vanogonawo kugamuchira mushonga uyu. Chiremba wako ndiye achasarudza rudzi rwakakodzera uye nguva yekubata mushonga uyu.
Kune vakuru
Munhu wese mukuru ane hutano hwakanaka anopfuura makore makumi mashanu anogona kuwana mushonga wekudzivirira chirwere ichi nenzira dzinotevera:
- Dosi imwe chete yemushonga wePCV15 uye gore rimwe chete gare gare, dosi imwe chete yemushonga wePPSV23.
- Dose imwe chete yemushonga wePCV20.
- Dose imwe chete yemushonga wePCV21.
Kune avo vari panjodzi huru
Avo vane makore ari pakati pe18-49, asi vane chirwere (semuenzaniso chirwere cheshuga, chirwere chemwoyo, chirwere chemapapu, kenza, HIV/AIDS) kana kurapwa (semuenzaniso steroid, chemotherapy) kunoshayisa simba masoja emuviri, vanogonawo kugamuchira mushonga wejekiseni nenzira imwecheteyo nevakuru vari pamusoro apa.
Ungave uchifunga kuti, 'Ndava nemakore makumi mashanu ikozvino, ndine hutano hwakanaka, saka ndinoda izvi here?' Chokwadi, hongu. Tsvagiridzo yakawana kuti vanhu vakuru vari pakati pemakore makumi mashanu nemana vane mukana wechipiri mukuru wekuwana chirwere ichi.
Saka, kana uine makore anopfuura makumi mashanu ekuberekwa, kana kuti uine chirwere chisingaperi chakadai sechirwere cheshuga, chirwere chemwoyo, kana asthma, inzira yakanaka yekudzivirira chirwere ichi kutaura nachiremba wako kuti uwane mushonga uyu. Nekuti huwandu hwevanhu vakuru vanofa nekuda kwechirwere ichi hwakakwira zvikuru.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Mushonga wekudzivirira chirwere chepneumococcal inodzivirira zvikuru zvirwere zvine njodzi zvakaita sepneumonia ne meningitis.
- Mushonga uyu unokurudzirwa zvikuru kuvana vadiki vari pakati pemwedzi miviri nemakore maviri uye kune vese vakuru vane makore anopfuura makumi mashanu.
- Zvakakosha zvikuru kuti chero ani zvake wezera ripi zvaro ane zvirwere zvisingaperi zvakaita sechirwere cheshuga, chirwere chemwoyo, chirwere chemapapu, chirwere cheitsvo, kana kenza awane mushonga uyu.
- Migumisiro yakawanda inobva mujekiseni ishoma uye inonyangarika mukati mezuva rimwe kana maviri.
- Kana iwe kana mwana wako muine zvinokunetsai nezvekugamuchira mushonga uyu, iva nechokwadi chekutaura nachiremba wemhuri yenyu.
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