Ndiani chiremba wepfungwa? Ngatikurukurei izvi zvakadzama!

Wakambonzwa nezvechiremba wepfungwa here? Ungafunga kuti vanhu vane matambudziko makuru ehutano hwepfungwa ndivo chete vanofanira kuona chiremba wepfungwa. Asi zvakakosha kuziva kuti chiremba wepfungwa ndiani, zvavanoita, uye rudzii rwerubatsiro rwavanogona kupa.

Ndiani chiremba wepfungwa uyu?

Muchidimbu, chiremba wepfungwa chiremba ane dhigirii rezvekurapa . Anonyanya kuita basa rekurapa kwepfungwa. Basa iri rinonyanya kutarisa pakuongorora, kurapa, uye kubatsira kudzivirira matambudziko akasiyana-siyana epfungwa, emanzwiro, uye etsika . Vanotarisa hutano hwepfungwa dzako pamwe chete nematambudziko emuviri angave ane chekuita nazvo.

Musiyano uripo pakati pechiremba wepfungwa nenyanzvi yepfungwa ndeupi?

Izvi zvinovhiringidza vanhu vazhinji. Zvakanaka, funga nezvazvo nenzira iyi. Chiremba wepfungwa chiremba. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanogona kuongorora matambudziko ehutano hwepfungwa, kunyora mishonga, uye kupa mamwe marapirwo.

Zvisinei, nyanzvi yepfungwa inowanzova munhu ane PhD. Vanowanzoita tsvakurudzo mune zvepfungwa kana kuti vane kudzidziswa kwekiriniki. Vanorapa matambudziko ehutano hwepfungwa kuburikidza nekurapa kwepfungwa, kana kuti zvatinodaidza kuti 'talk therapy'. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti nyanzvi yepfungwa haigone kunyora mishonga.

Vanachiremba vepfungwa vanowanzo rapa matambudziko ehutano hwepfungwa akaomarara kupfuura vanachiremba vepfungwa, kunyanya ayo anoda mishonga kana kurapwa . Nemamwe mashoko, psychology kudzidza kwepfungwa, manzwiro, uye maitiro. Psychiatry inzvimbo yekurapa inoongorora nekurapa matambudziko ehutano hwepfungwa.

Saka musiyano uripi pakati pechiremba wepfungwa nemurapi?

Murapi (therapist) munhu ane dhigirii reMasters muchikamu chehutano hwepfungwa, senge psychology, counseling psychology, kana family therapy. Vane hunyanzvi hwekuongorora hutano hwepfungwa hwemunhu uye kushandisa nzira dzekurapa, dzakadai se talk therapy. Semuenzaniso, vashandi vezvemagariro evanhu vane marezenisi uye vapi vemazano vekiriniki vane marezenisi vanowira muchikamu ichi. Zvisinei, murapi haakwanise kunyora mishonga.

Yeukai kuti chiremba wepfungwa chiremba. Anogona kuongorora matambudziko epfungwa, kunyora mishonga, uye kupa mishonga.

Musiyano uripo pakati pechiremba wepfungwa nenyanzvi yepfungwa ndeupi?

Zvakakoshawo kuziva izvi. Chiremba wetsinga zvakare chiremba.Asi iye nyanzvi mukuongorora, kurapa, uye kugadzirisa zvirwere zveuropi netsinga (ndiko kuti, uropi, musana, uye tsinga). Chiremba wetsinga ane ruzivo nezvemaumbirwo uye mashandiro etsinga dzako, pamwe nezvirwere zvinodzikanganisa.

Iye zvino, nepo vanachiremba vepfungwa nevepfungwa vachishanda nezvirwere zvine chekuita neuropi, vanachiremba vepfungwa vanonyanya kutarisa mativi emuviri nezviratidzo zvechirwere. Kune rumwe rutivi, vanachiremba vepfungwa vanonyanya kutarisa zviratidzo zvepfungwa (zvine chekuita nepfungwa) uye maitiro echirwere. Zvakare, vanachiremba vepfungwa vanorapa zvirwere zvinokanganisa tsinga nemusana, asi vanachiremba vepfungwa havarapi.

Vanachiremba ava vese vanogona kunyora mishonga. Vanogonawo kushanda pamwe chete kugadzirisa mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu anokanganisa uropi. Semuenzaniso, zvakajairika kuti vanhu vane chirwere cheParkinson kana avo vakambova nesitiroko vanzwe kuora mwoyo.

Chii chinoitwa nachiremba wepfungwa?

Chiremba wepfungwa anonyanya kuongorora, kuongorora, uye kurapa matambudziko ako epfungwa, emanzwiro, uye etsika.

Nekuti vanachiremba vepfungwa vari vanachiremba, vanogona kuraira kana kuita bvunzo dzakasiyana-siyana dzekurapa uye/kana dzepfungwa. Vanachiremba vepfungwa vanoongorora matambudziko ehutano hwepfungwa nekubatanidza bvunzo idzi nekukurukurirana nezvezviratidzo zvako uye nhoroondo yako yezvekurapa uye yemhuri.

Vanoshandisa zvinodiwa zviri muAmerican Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–5) kuti vaongorore matambudziko ehutano hwepfungwa.

Uyewo, chirongwa chekurapa chinogadzirwa chakanangana newe. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kurapa kwepfungwa (kurapwa nekutaura), mishonga, uye kumwe kurapwa.

Marudzi api ezvirwere zvinorapwa nenyanzvi dzepfungwa?

Vanachiremba vepfungwa vanogona kuongorora nekurapa matambudziko akawanda ehutano hwepfungwa. Heano mimwe mienzaniso mishoma:

• Matambudziko ekushandisa doro nezvimwe zvinetso zvekushandisa zvinodhaka
• Chirwere cheAlzheimer
• Matambudziko ekuzvidya mwoyo
• Dambudziko rekushaya pfungwa/kusagadzikana kwepfungwa (ADHD)
• Dambudziko reAutism spectrum
• Dambudziko reBipolar
• Dambudziko remuviri risina kunaka (kunetseka zvisina musoro nezvechitarisiko chemuviri)
• Kuora mwoyo
• Matambudziko ekuzviparadzanisa - mamiriro ezvinhu aunoita kuti unzwe wakaparadzana newe uye nharaunda yako
• Matambudziko ekudya
• Dambudziko rekubhejera
• Dambudziko rekuchengeta mari
• Matambudziko epfungwa
• Dambudziko rekufunganya-kumanikidza (OCD)
• Kutya kukuru
• Matambudziko ehunhu
• Dambudziko rekushungurudzika mushure mekutambudzika (PTSD)
• Kushungurudzika mushure mekusununguka
Chirwere cheSchizoaffective Schizophrenia-yemanzwiro `(Schizophrenia)`
• Matambudziko ekurara

Ndezvipi zvekurapa zvinoshandiswa?

Vanachiremba vepfungwa vanoshandisa uye vanopa mishonga yakasiyana-siyana. Zvikuru:

• Psychotherapy (kurapa nekutaura)
• Mishonga
• Mamwe marapirwo, semuenzaniso, kurapwa ne electroconvulsive (ECT) kana transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Yeuka, kurapwa kwezvinetso zvepfungwa kunosiyana zvikuru kubva kumunhu kusvika kumunhu. Sarudza kurapwa kwakakunakira. Kazhinji, musanganiswa wekurapa uku unoshandiswa.

Zvimwe zvishoma nezvekurapa nekutaura (Psychotherapy)...

Kurapa kwepfungwa, kana kuti zvatinodaidza kuti 'talk therapy' kana kuti 'therapy' muchidimbu, kurapwa kunosanganisira kutaura nenyanzvi yezvepfungwa yakadzidziswa kuti vaone nekugadzirisa zvikonzero zviri kukanganisa hutano hwepfungwa dzako kana kuti zviri kukonzera manzwiro ako.

Chinangwa ndechekubvisa kana kudzora pfungwa dzisingadiwe nemaitiro anokunetsa uye anokanganisa mabasa ako ezuva nezuva. Izvi zvinokutendera kuti ushande zvakanaka. Zvichienderana nezviratidzo zvako nemamiriro ako ezvinhu, kurapwa uku kunogona kuva kwenguva pfupi kana kwenguva refu.

Kune nzira dzakasiyana dzekurapa psychotherapy:

• Kurapa Kwepfungwa Nemaitiro (CBT)
• Kurapa Nevanhu (IPT)
• Kurapa Kufunga Kwakavakirwa Pakufunga (MBCT)
• Kurapa Kwemaitiro Ekutaura (DBT)
• Kurapa Kugadzirisa Matambudziko (PST)
• Kurapa Kwepfungwa

Mhando dzemishonga...

Vanachiremba vepfungwa vanogona kunyora mishonga yekurapa matambudziko ehutano hwepfungwa. Mishonga iyi inoshanda nekushandura masaini emakemikari uye kutaurirana muuropi hwako. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira kuderedza zviratidzo zvezvimwe zvirwere zvepfungwa.

Vanachiremba vepfungwa vanowanzopa mishonga pamwe chete nekurapa kwepfungwa.

Mimwe yemishonga inowanzo nyorerwa navanachiremba vepfungwa ndeiyi:

• Mishonga yekuderedza kushushikana
• Mishonga yekurwisa pfungwa
• Madhiragi
• Zvinosimbisa mafungiro
• Mishonga yekunyaradza uye yekuzvidya mwoyo
• Zvinokurudzira
• Ketamine (muzviitiko zvakakosha)

Mamwe marapirwo...

Vanachiremba vepfungwa vanoshandisawo mamwe marapirwo ezvirwere zvepfungwa:

• Kurapa neElectroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
• Kukurudzira Magnetic kweTranscranial (TMS)
• Kurapa kwakareruka kwechirwere chemwaka chepfungwa (SAD)

Kuwedzera kune izvi, kunewo mishonga isingawanzo shandiswa:

• Kukurudzirwa kweNtsinga dzeVagus (VNS)
• Kukurudzira Uropi Zvakadzika (DBS)

Ndinofanira kuona chiremba wepfungwa rini?

Kuti usarudze kana uchida kuona chiremba wepfungwa kana kwete, unofanirwa kufunga nekuvimbika nezvezviratidzo zvako uye zvinoitika zuva nezuva. Usaedze kuongorora chirwere chepfungwa wega. Asi unogona kuziva uye kunyora maitiro asina kunaka, manzwiro, uye mafungiro ari kukanganisa hupenyu hwako.

Kukumbira rubatsiro pamatambudziko ehutano hwepfungwa dzimwe nguva kunogona kuoma uye kunetsa, asi zvakakosha kuita izvozvo. Matambudziko ehutano hwepfungwa akajairika. Hutano hwepfungwa dzako hwakakosha sehutano hwako hwemuviri.

Dzimwe nguva, kana chiremba wemhuri yako (Primary Healthcare Provider) akakuudza nezvezviratidzo zvako, anogona kukutumira kuna chiremba wepfungwa. Zvisinei, kana uchida, unogona zvakare kuona chiremba wepfungwa zvakananga kuti akuongorore uye akupe hurongwa hwekurapa.

Matambudziko epfungwa anogona kungoerekana aitika, anoitika nguva nenguva, kana kuti anoramba aripo. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti kana ari kukanganisa hupenyu hwako, chiratidzo chekuti unofanira kutsvaga rubatsiro.

Kana uine chimwe chezviratidzo izvi kana zvakaitika kwauri, funga nezvekuona chiremba wepfungwa, kana kuti udza chiremba wemhuri yako:

• Kusakwanisa kudzora kana kudzora manzwiro ako.
• Kugara wakatsamwa kana kuti kazhinji, kutsamwa.
• Kunzwa kutya kwakanyanya kana kuti kusingawanzoitiki.
• Kuita basa rine njodzi.
• Kunzwa kunetseka zvakanyanya uye/kana kusuruvara.
• Kuchinja kukuru mumarongero ekurara.
• Kushandisa zvinodhaka.
• Matambudziko ekudya.
• Kusashanda zvakanaka kuchikoro kana kubasa.
• Kusaungana kwevanhu.
• Pfungwa dzekuzvikuvadza.

Yeuka kuti hapana kunyara kuva nedambudziko repfungwa kana kutsvaga rubatsiro pariri. Kana ukakurumidza kuwana rubatsiro nekurapwa, ndipo paunokurumidza kunzwa zviri nani.

Chii chaunofanira kutarisira kana ukaenda kunoona chiremba wepfungwa?

Kuti uwane zvakawanda kubva pakushanya kwako kuna chiremba wepfungwa, zvakanaka kuti ugare wakagadzirira. Heano mamwe matipi ekukubatsira kuita izvozvo:

• Nyora pasi zvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha zvaunoda kutaura nezvazvo nachiremba wepfungwa.
• Taura nezvezviratidzo zvitsva kana shanduko dzezviratidzo zvako zvekare. Kana zvichibvira, nyora nezvezviratidzo zvako zuva nezuva mubhuku rekunyora. Izvi zvichakubatsira kurangarira kuti zvinochinja sei uye kuti zvinokanganisa sei hupenyu hwako.
• Kana paine shanduko dziri kuitika pahutano hwako, ndapota tiudze nezvazvo.
• Tiudzei nezvezvirwere zvemuviri nepfungwa zvine mhuri yenyu .
• Ndiudzei nezvekuti mhuri, shamwari, uye vaunoshanda navo vanokufarirai zvechokwadi vanokuonai sei .
• Uyai nerunyorwa rwemishonga yese nezvinhu zvamuri kutora parizvino. Isai zvese kubva kumishonga inonyorerwa nachiremba, mishonga inotengeswa muzvitoro, mavhitamini, mishonga yekuwedzera, mishonga yechivanhu, uye mishonga inodhaka.

Ndeipi mibvunzo inokosha yekubvunza chiremba wepfungwa?

Kana ukaona chiremba wepfungwa, zvingabatsira kubvunza mibvunzo yakaita seiyi:

• Chii chandakaona kuti ndine chirwere ichi? Wakasvika sei pachiri?
• Chii chaunosangana nacho pakurapa chirwere changu?
• Ndedzipi nzira dzekurapa dzandinadzo?
• Ndingatarisira kuti ndichapora rini?
• Ndingaziva sei kana ndiri kunzwa zviri nani?
• Ndingaitei kana ndikanyanya kuoma?
• Ndiani wandinofanira kufonera kana paine dambudziko rehutano hwangu?
• Ndezvipi migumisiro yemishonga yangu?
• Muchashanda nevamwe vanachiremba vangu here?

Ungava sei chiremba wepfungwa?

Kuti uve chiremba wepfungwa, unofanirwa kubudirira kuita zvinotevera:

• Dzidzo yemakore mana yedhigirii repamusoro kubva kukoreji kana kuyunivhesiti inotungamira kudhigirii reBachelor.
• Dzidzo yemakore mana kuchikoro chekurapa inotungamira kudhigirii rezvekurapa, ringave rekuti "Doctor of Medicine - MD" kana kuti "Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine - DO".
• Chirongwa chekudzidzisa vanhu vanogara mudzimba kwemakore mana.

Mushure mekupedza kudzidziswa kwekugara, vanachiremba vepfungwa vazhinji vanova vanachiremba vepfungwa vane certification yebhodhi nekunyora bvunzo yekuzvidira uye yemuromo inotungamirwa neAmerican Board of Psychiatry and Neurology.

Vamwe vanachiremba vepfungwa vanototevera mapurogiramu ekudyidzana kuti vawane ruzivo mune imwe nzvimbo yekurapa kwepfungwa, senge kurapwa kwepfungwa kwevana nevechiri kuyaruka (inotarisa hutano hwepfungwa hwevana) kana kubvunzana nezvekurapa kwepfungwa (inodzidza kubatana kwehutano hwemuviri nepfungwa muvanhu vekurapa).

Ndezvipi zvidzidzo zvepfungwa?

Mamwe emabasa ekurapa kwepfungwa ndeaya:

• Kupindwa muropa kwepfungwa
• Kurapa kwepfungwa dzechimbichimbi
• Kuongororwa kwepfungwa (kwepamutemo)
• Kurapa kwepfungwa dzevanhu vakwegura
• Mushonga wekurwadziwa
• Kurapa kwepfungwa dzevana nevechiri kuyaruka
• Kubvunzana-kutaurirana kwepfungwa
• Mushonga wekurara

Pakupedzisira, zvinhu zvekurangarira

Kubvuma kuti une dambudziko repfungwa uye kutsvaga rubatsiro pariri kunogona kukuremera, asi yeuka kuti zvakakosha kuita izvozvo. Chiremba wepfungwa anogona kukupa chirwere chakarurama uye kukupa zano rekurapa. Ivo inyanzvi mubasa ravo, uye vane ruzivo rwechizvino-zvino pamusoro petsvagurudzo yazvino, mishonga, uye mamwe marapirwo anogona kukubatsira. Chiremba wepfungwa wako achashanda newe kuti asarudze chirongwa chakanakira iwe. Saka, usatya kana kunyara kukumbira rubatsiro. Hutano hwako hwepfungwa hwakakodzera!

Chiremba wepfungwa , Hutano hwepfungwa, Nyanzvi yepfungwa, Kurapa kwepfungwa, Kuora mwoyo, Kufunganya