Fungidzira, pakati perenje risina chinhu, paiva nebhokisi diki raigona kugadzira mvura yakachena yekunwa kubva mumhepo. Zvinonzwika sechiitiko chebhaisikopo resainzi, handiti? Asi ikozvino zvava chokwadi. Nhasi tiri kutaura nezvemamwe matekinoroji matsva anoshamisa anogona kugadzirisa dambudziko guru remvura pasi rose.
Sekureva kweSangano reMubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzepasi Pose, vanhu vanopfuura mabhiriyoni maviri pasi rose havana mvura yekunwa yakachengeteka . Dzimwe nzvimbo dzine mvura shoma. Uye kusanaya kwemvura kunokonzerwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kwawedzera dambudziko iri. Kune vamwe vanhu, mvura yavari nayo yakasviba, yakazara nehutachiona nemakemikari ane chepfu . Kune vamwe, zvese zviri zviviri. Saka masayendisiti ari kuwana nzira itsva, dzinoshamisa dzekugadzirisa dambudziko iri.
Muchina wekukohwa mugwenga: Bhokisi rinogadzira mvura kubva mumhepo iri murenje
Mhepo yatinofema ine mhute yakawanda yemvura, yatisingakwanise kuona. Iyi ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo huru dzinopa mvura pasi pano.
Sekureva kwaOmar M. Yaghi, purofesa paYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, Berkeley, tichishandisa hutsi hushoma hwemvura mumhepo, husingasviki .001%, taigona kupa marita makumi mashanu emvura pazuva kumunhu wese ari panyika.
Purofesa Yagi nechikwata chake vakawana nzira itsva yekushandisa mvura iyi yakakura, isingaoneki. Vakabatanidza mamorekuru akakosha kuti vagadzire chimiro chakaita se scaffold. Izvi zvinonzi metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) . Izvi zvinhu zvinoshamisa. Chidimbu cheMOF, chidiki sepfupa, chine nzvimbo yakakura senhandare mbiri dzenhabvu kana ukachiparadzira.
Vakagadzira bhokisi rePlexiglas rakazadzwa nezvinhu izvi zveMOF. Bhokisi iri rinopisa kana rakaiswa pachiedza chezuva. MOF iri mukati mebhokisi inozotora kunyange huwandu hudiki hwemvura mumhepo yegwenga rakaoma kwazvo. Zvadaro, mvura iyoyo inotorwa inoshanduka kuita mvura uye inounganidzwa semvura yakachena, inonwiwa. Sezvinotaurwa naProfessor Yagi, "Hapana chimwe chinhu pasi rose chinogona kunwa mvura kubva mumhepo ine hunyoro hwakaderera kudaro yoiburitsa zvakare, kunze kweMOF iyi."
Bhokisi rinoshandisa simba rezuva rakagadzirwa nemagiramu mazana maviri eMOF iyi rinogona kuunganidza mvura inopfuura galoni rimwe (marita angangoita 4.5) pazuva. Modhi inoshandisa simba remagetsi inogona kuita izvi nguva dzose zuva rese.
'Chinoongorora Toxin yeBio-Brain' chinoona chepfu mumvura
Hazvina kukwana kuti mvura ive yakachena, inofanirawo kuva yakachengeteka. Mvura inogona kuva nehupfu hune njodzi hwatisingakwanise kuona kana kuravira. Semuenzaniso, arsenic , lead, uye mabhakitiriya ane njodzi. Vaongorori vepaNorthwestern University vari kuedza kutsvaga nzira iri nyore yekuona izvi.
Vakashandisa rubatsiro rwema microorganisms kuti vaite izvi. Ma microorganisms aya ane kugona kunoshamisa kwekuziva nekudzivirira kubva kuzvinhu zvine chepfu mumvura. Zvinoita sekunge ane 'genetic molecular brain' chaiyo yechinangwa ichocho.
Izvi zvinoshanda sei ?
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, tupukanana utwu twune mhando yeprotein inonzi biosensors mumiviri yatwo. Kana paine chepfu mumvura, semuenzaniso lead, biosensor iyi inoenda yonamatira kumamorekuru iwayo e lead. Zvadaro rimwe jini mumuviri we microorganism iyoyo rinotanga kushanda, uye lead iyoyo inoburitswa mumuviri.
Chakaitwa nevaongorori kutora ma biosensors aya ndokuchinja zvishoma chimiro cheDNA yavo. Nekuchigadzirisa, vakabatidza jini raizoburitsa chiedza (kupenya) pachinzvimbo chejini raizoburitsa chepfu kana rasangana nehupfu hwakaita semutobvu.
Saka zvinoitika ikozvino ndezvekuti, kana ukawedzera mapuroteni aya akagadziriswa DNA mumuenzaniso wemvura, kana paine chepfu mumvura iyoyo, inotanga kupenya. Chepfu iri mumvura ichiwedzera, ndipo painopenyawo zvakanyanya. Zvakafanana nemashiripiti!
Pfupiso yematekinoroji emazuva ano
Mamwe matekinoroji emazuva ano aya akabuda semhinduro kudambudziko remvura pasi rose anotsanangurwa muchidimbu mutafura iri pazasi.
| Tekinoroji | Mashandiro Azvo | Rubatsiro Rukuru |
|---|---|---|
| Mucheki weRenje | Kushandisa simbi-organic frameworks (MOFs) kutora utsi hwemvura kunyangwe kubva mumhepo yakaoma zvakanyanya uye kugadzira mvura yakachena. | Mvura inogona kugadzirwa chero kupi, pasina magetsi kana zvivakwa zvikuru. |
| Kuona Chepfu yeUbongo | Zvishandiso zvebiosensor zvetupukanana twakagadziriswa majini zvinopenya kana paine chepfu mumvura. | Kukwanisa kuyedza nekukurumidza uye zviri nyore kuchengetedzeka kwemvura. |
| Muchina weChlorine Unodzivirira Zvikanganiso | Pasina magetsi, huwandu hwechlorine hwakakwana hunosanganiswa otomatiki mumvura uchishandisa Venturi effect. | Deredza zvikanganiso zvevanhu uye bvisa utachiona mumvura nguva nenguva. |
| Kurapa Nemvura Inovhundutsa | Kubvisa simbi dzinorema dzakadai se lead mumvura kuburikidza ne shock electrodialysis. | Simbi dzinorema dzinokuvadza chete ndidzo dzinogona kubviswa pasina kubvisa zvicherwa zvinokosha mumvura. |
Mamwe mhinduro dzinoshamisa
Muchina we chlorine usingasiye nzvimbo yekukanganisa
Chlorine mushonga une simba unouraya utachiona mumvura. Asi zvinogona kuoma kushandisa nemazvo. Kana ukawedzera mapiritsi echlorine, dzimwe nguva unogona kuguma wawandisa kana kuti wakawandisa. Semhinduro, vaongorori veTufts Institute of the Environment vakagadzira mudziyo uri nyore unoshanda pasina magetsi .
Ine zvikamu zviviri. Bhokisi diki rakasungirirwa kumagumo kwepombi yemvura, uye tangi rakazadzwa nechlorine yemvura. Kana mvura ichifamba nekukurumidza mupombi, musiyano wekumanikidzwa unogadzirwa mukati mebhokisi diki iri. Izvi zvinonzi Venturi effect . Nekuda kwekusiyana kwekumanikidzwa uku, huwandu hwakakodzera hwechlorine hunotorwa otomatiki kubva mutangi rechlorine uye hunosanganiswa nemvura. Nenzira iyi, mvura inogara yakachena, pasina kukanganisa kwevanhu.
Nzira yekubvisa mutobvu nemvura 'inovhundutsa'
Nekuda kwedambudziko guru rehutano rakakonzerwa nemutobvu uri mumvura muguta reFlint muAmerica, boka revasayendisiti paMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) rakagadzira nzira itsva yekubvisa simbi dzinorema mumvura.
Vakashandisa nzira inonzi 'shock electrodialysis' . Izvi zvinosanganisira kushandisa magetsi kupatsanura tsvina iri mumvura. Lead chinhu chinonetsa kubvisa mumvura nekuti chinogona kunamira pamadziro emidziyo nedzimwe nzira. Asi nzira iyi inogona kubvisa 95% yelead pasina kubvisa zvicherwa zvakakosha senge sodium mumvura. Izvi zvinochenesa mvura uye zvinosiya zvicherwa zvinodiwa nemuviri.
Tekinoroji idzi dzese dzinoratidza simba resainzi nekugadzira zvinhu zvitsva mukugadzirisa rimwe rematambudziko makuru akatarisana nevanhu, dambudziko remvura. Izvi zvichabatsira zvikuru mukuponesa vanhu kubva kuzvirwere zvinokonzerwa nemvura yakasviba uye kuvaka ramangwana rakanaka. Saka, ibasa redu kunzwisisa kukosha kwemvura uye kuishandisa zvishoma.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Chikamu chikuru chevanhu pasi rose vakatarisana nematambudziko makuru vasina mvura yakachena yekunwa. Iri idambudziko guru rehutano pasi rose.
- Masayendisiti ava kuwana matekinoroji matsva anoshamisa, akadai sekugadzira mvura kubva mumhepo, kuona chepfu mumvura zviri nyore, uye kuchenesa mvura pasina magetsi.
- Mienzaniso yeizvi inosanganisira matekinoroji akadai se metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), biosensors, uye shock electrodialysis.
- Zvakawanikwa zvitsva izvi zvinopa tariro huru yekuchengetedza hutano hwevanhu pasi rose uye kudzivirira zvirwere zvinopararira mumvura yakasviba.
- Kana ukaona zviratidzo zvekunwa mvura ine tsvina, enda kuna chiremba wako nekukasika kuti akupe mazano.
Kucheneswa kwemvura, mvura yakachena, tekinoroji yemvura, kusanaya kwemvura, kushomeka kwemvura, kuwanikwa kwesainzi, MOF
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