Tose tinoda mavara akanaka, handiti? Kungave kupenda madziro edu, kusarudza mbatya dzinopenya, kana kusarudza zvinhu zvemumba, ruvara runotipa mufaro. Asi fungidzira kana ruvara rwaunofarira rwaive chepfu inouraya. Nhasi, ndinoda kugovana newe nyaya inotyisa uye yechokwadi. Iyi inyaya yeruvara rwegirini rwakapenya rwakakwezva England yezana remakore rechi19, asi rwakatora hupenyu hweavo vaigara pedyo narwo.
Girini Rinouraya Raiva Kwese Kwese
Nyaya iyi inotanga muEngland yezana remakore rechi19. Pakati peChimurenga cheMaindasitiri, nedenga rakazara neutsi uye utsi hwemafekitori, vanhu vaishuva girini rezvisikwa. Munguva iyi, ruvara rwakajeka rwegirini rwakabata fungidziro yeveruzhinji. Rwaizivikanwa se'Scheele's Green,' rakatumidzwa zita remusayendisiti wekuSweden akariwana muna 1778.
Ruvara urwu rwakafarirwa zvekuti rwakashandiswa pazvinhu zvese kubva pamadziro eBuckingham Palace kusvika pamakavha emabhuku, mbatya, matoyi, zvishongo zvemakeke, uye masiwiti. Ndirwo rwaive ruvara rwechokwadi rwenguva iyoyo.
Asi, chakavanzika chekunaka uku chaive chakavanzika chinouraya. Pigment iyi yakagadzirwa nekusanganisa mhangura neokisijeni nearsenic , chinhu chine chepfu yakawanda.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, vanhu vaisaziva kuti vaigara, vachifema, uye vachitopfeka chepfu iyi inouraya mudzimba dzavo.
Chii chinonzi Arsenic?
Arsenic chinhu chinogona kuwanikwa muvhu nemumvura yepasi. Kare ikako, vanachiremba vaitoshandisa huwandu hushoma kurapa fivha, asthma, uye eczema . Zvinoshamisa kuti, kunyange nanhasi, chinhu chinonzi Arsenic Trioxide chinoshandiswa zvinobudirira semushonga wechemotherapy kurapa rudzi rwakakomba rweleukemia (Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia).
Zvisinei, kwemazana emakore, vanhu vaizivawo kuti arsenic ine chepfu ine simba. Nekuti haina hwema uye haina kunaka, yaingovanzwa zviri nyore mukudya kana mukunwa, zvichiita kuti ive nemukurumbira wekuti "mambo wechepfu" aishandiswa nemhondi dzekare. Uyezve, zviratidzo zvekutanga zvechepfu yearsenic—zvakadai sekusvotwa , kurutsa , uye kurwadziwa mudumbu —zvairatidza zvirwere zvakajairika sekorera, saka hapana aifungidzira kuti yakashata.
Njodzi Yaziviswa
Kare muna 1839, nyanzvi yemakemikari yekuGermany yakanyevera kuti kana makamuri ane hunyoro hwakawanda akashongedzwa nepepa reScheele's Green, rinogona kuburitsa utsi hune chepfu. Nguva pfupi mushure memushumo wake, vana vana muLondon vakafa nekuda kwekutadza kufema; imba yavo yekurara yakanga ichangobva kushongedzwa nepepa regirini iri. Pakuyedzwa, peji remadziro rakawanikwa rine huwandu hunouraya hwearsenic pa sikweya futi.
Rufu nezvirwere zvakafanana zvakatevera. Mumwe chiremba, achiferefeta chikonzero nei airwara nekurwadziwa kwemusoro, dzungu, uye kurutsa pese paaibva pachikoro chake, akaona njodzi yacho. Akataura kuti vazhinji muBritain vaibatwa nechepfu zvishoma nezvishoma.
Chii Chinoitika Kana Arsenic Ikapinda Mumuviri?
Kukuvadzwa kunokonzerwa nearsenic kunonyanya kuenderana nedosi. Ngationei kuti inokubatsira sei.
| Rudzi rweChepfu | Zviratidzo uye Migumisiro |
|---|---|
| Chepfu Yakanyanya (Kusangana kamwe kamwe nedosi yakawanda) |
|
| Chepfu Isingaperi (Kusangana kwenguva refu, pasina mushonga wakawanda) |
|
Kunyange zvazvo vanhu panguva iyoyo vaisanzwisisa zvakadzama nezvemigumisiro iyi yenguva refu, vakaona zviratidzo zvakaita sekunge ganda rakanyanya kusviba uye kupera simba, izvo zvakaratidzwa mumapepanhau ekurapa uye kunyange mumakatuni ezvematongerwo enyika.
Kuguma kweRuvara uye Chidzidzo Chatakadzidza
Pasinei nenyevero, wallpaper yegirini yaive bhizimisi guru. Kunyangwe mugadziri ane mukurumbira William Morris akashandisa pigment iyi uye aive mugovani wemasheya mukambani inotungamira yekugadzira arsenic, achiramba kutya kwehutano achiti inyaya "inokatyamadza".
Zvisinei, muna 1879, mushure mekunge muenzi wehumambo arwara paakanga akarara muimba ine madziro egirini, Mambokadzi Victoria akarayira kuti madziro ese egirini abviswe mumuzinda.
Zvishoma nezvishoma, ruzivo rweveruzhinji rwakakura kuburikidza nemishumo yenhau. Kunyangwe mitemo yehurumende isati yagadzwa, vanhu vakatanga kuramba zvigadzirwa zvine arsenic, zvichimanikidza vagadziri kugadzira pigments dzakachengeteka.
Chidzidzo chakakosha chatinodzidza kubva pane izvi ndechekuti hatifanirwe kupofumadzwa nerunako rwekunze. Izvi zvinoratidzawo simba guru rekuziva veruzhinji kana zvasvika pahutano.
Kusvika nhasi, kutevedzera ruvara rwegirini rwechisikigo kuchiri dambudziko. Mamwe mavara emazuva ano haasati achengetedza nharaunda zvachose. Kuedza kwevanhu kutevedzera zvisikwa kunowanzova nenjodzi dzakavanda.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Zvinhu zvakanaka zvekunze dzimwe nguva zvinogona kuvanza zvakavanzika zvine njodzi. Gara uchiziva zviri muzvigadzirwa zvaunoshandisa, kunyanya makemikari.
- Arsenic ichepfu ine simba inogona kuuraya kana yakawanda uye inokonzera kenza nezvimwe zvirwere zvakakomba zvinogara kwenguva refu.
- Kana uchifungidzira kuti une chepfu, tsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba nekukasika kana kufonera emergency services yemuno kana kuti national chepfu control centre.
- Kuzivisa veruzhinji nezve hutano kwakasimba, kana kuti kwakasimba kupfuura mitemo yehurumende.
Arsenic, Chepfu yeArsenic, Scheele's Green, Chepfu, Toxicity, Nhoroondo yezvekurapa, Nhoroondo yehutano
