Mwana wako mudiki ane matambudziko mana aya emwoyo akaomarara here? (Tetralogy of Fallot) - Ngatikurukurei nezvazvo!

Tetralogy of Fallot, kana kuti ToF muchidimbu, chirwere chinoitika kana zvinhu zvina zvisina kumira zvakanaka mumoyo wemwana wako pakuzvarwa. Matambudziko aya anoita kuti zviomere mwoyo wemwana kupomba ropa rakakwana rine oxygen kumuviri wese. Unoziva kukosha kweoxygen kuti zvese zviri mumiviri yedu zvishande zvakanaka. Zvakajairika kuti unzwe kutya paunonzwa nezvechirwere ichi, asi ngatitaurei nezvazvo zvakadzama kuti unzwisise zviri nani.

Sei iyi `(Tetralogy of Fallot)` ichikosha kudaro? Chii chinoitika mumoyo?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, mumoyo une hutano, ropa rinofamba nenzira yakati. Kureva kuti, ropa risina okisijeni rinoenda kumapapu, rotora okisijeni, rozodzokera kumoyo kuti riparadzirwe mumuviri wese. Asi nekuda kwezvinetso zvina izvi zviri mumoyo wemwana ane ``Tetralogy of Fallot``, rimwe ropa risina okisijeni rinoenda zvakananga mumuviri pane kuenda kumapapu. Iri ndiro dambudziko guru.

Ngationei kuti matambudziko mana aya emwoyo ndeapi:

1. Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) : Fungidzira kuti mwoyo wako une makamuri makuru maviri, rimwe kurudyi nerimwe kuruboshwe. Kana VSD ikaitika mumadziro ari pakati pezviviri, ropa risina mweya (ropa rebhuruu) riri mu ventricle yekurudyi rinosangana neropa rine mweya (ropa dzvuku) riri mu ventricle yekurudyi. Izvi hazvina kunaka, nekuti muviri unoda ropa rakachena, rine mweya.

2. Pulmonary Artery Stenosis : Mutsinga mukuru weropa unotakura ropa risina oxygen kubva ku right ventricle yemoyo kuenda kumapapu (pulmonary artery) uye valvu yawo (valvu) inova diki. Zvakafanana nepombi yemvura inovharika. Izvi zvinoderedza huwandu hweropa hunogona kuenda kumapapu nekurova kwemoyo kwega kwega. Izvi zvinoderedza huwandu hweoxygen hunogona kuwedzerwa muropa.

3. Mutsinga mukuru weropa unotakura ropa mumuviri uri panzvimbo isiriyo (`Kupfuura Aorta`) : `(Aorta)` ndiyo tsinga huru yeropa inotakura ropa rine oxygen mumuviri wedu wese. Kazhinji, iyi yakabatana nekamuri rekuruboshwe remoyo. Asi ne`(VSD)`, iyi `(Aorta)` iri pamusoro pemakamuri ese ari maviri, ichivhurika kune ese ari maviri. Nekuda kweizvi, ropa risina oxygen uye ropa rine oxygen rinotanga kuyerera kuburikidza ne`(Aorta)` iyi kuenda mumuviri. Kutaura chokwadi, rimwe ropa rinofanira kuenda kumapapu kuti riwane oxygen rinoenda zvakananga mumuviri.

4. Kukura kwemadziro ekamuri rezasi rerudyi remwoyo (`Ventricular Hypertrophy`) : Nekuda kwematambudziko ese ataurwa pamusoro apa, kunyanya kutetepa kwetsinga yeropa inotumira ropa kumapapu, kamuri rezasi remwoyo (`(Right Ventricle)`) rinofanira kushanda nesimba kupomba ropa. Sezvo tsandanyama dzichikura paunosimudza huremu, tsandanyama dziri mumadziro ekamuri iyi dzinokurawo nekufamba kwenguva. Izvi zvinogona kukanganisa kushanda kwemoyo.

Kana matambudziko aya mana akabatana, panoitika chirwere chinozivikanwa se "Tetralogy of Fallot".

Chirwere ichi chakajairika zvakadii? Ndiani ane mukana mukuru wekuchibata?

Tetralogy of Fallot chirwere chisingawanzoitiki.. Zvichienderana nehuwandu hweAmerica, izvi zvinoitika mumwana mumwe chete pavana 2,000 vanoberekwa. Zvisinei, pakati pezvirwere zvemwoyo zvekuzvarwa nazvo (`(Congenital Heart Disorders)`), ichi chirwere chinowanzoitika. Chirwere ichi chinowanzoonekwa pakati pevana vechirume. Zvakare, vanachiremba vakaona kuti `(ToF)` inogonawo kuonekwa pakati pevacheche vane mamwe matambudziko echromosome akadai se`(Down Syndrome)`.

Kashoma, kana vamwe vanhu vakasawana kurapwa vachiri vadiki, izvi zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko kunyangwe vakura.

Vanachiremba vanoongorora sei Tetralogy of Fallot?

Chiremba wako anogona kuona chirwere ichi panguva yekuzvitakura kana mushure mekuzvarwa kwemwana . Kazhinji, chinoonekwa mukati memavhiki mashoma ekutanga kana mwedzi mushure mekuzvarwa kwemwana.

Kuongororwa kwemwana asati aberekwa

Kana kuongororwa kweultrasound nguva dzose panguva yekuzvitakura kuchiratidza kusarongeka kwemoyo, chiremba anogona kuita scan yakakosha inonzi fetal echocardiogram . Izvi zvinogona kuitwa pakati pemavhiki gumi nemasere kusvika makumi maviri nemaviri ekuzvitakura kuti vaone zvakajeka chimiro chemwoyo wemwana uye kuona kana paine matambudziko.

Miedzo mushure mekunge mwana aberekwa

Mushure mekunge mwana azvarwa, chiremba paanoongorora mwana uye oteerera mwoyo, ruzha rusingawanzoitiki (`Heart Murmur`) runogona kunzwika. Ichi chiratidzo chinowanzoonekwa muvacheche vane `(ToF)`.

Pamusoro pezvo, mimwe miedzo yakati wandei iri kuitwa kusimbisa mamiriro ezvinhu aya:

• Pulse Oximetry : Iyi bvunzo iri nyore kwazvo, isingarwadzi. Usati waenda nemwana wako kumba, chidimbu chidiki chinoiswa paruoko kana gumbo remwana wako kuti chiyere huwandu hweokisijeni muropa rake. Huremu hweokisijeni hwakaderera hunogona kuva chiratidzo chechirwere chinonzi (ToF).
• Echocardiogram (inozivikanwawo se echo) : Izvi zvakafanana ne scan. Inoshandisa mafungu eruzha kuti ione zvakajeka chimiro chemwoyo wemwana, kusanganisira mavharuvhu awo uye kuyerera kweropa.
• X-ray yechipfuva kana Cardiac CT Scan : Izvi dzimwe nguva zvinogona kuratidza chitarisiko chisina kujairika chemoyo "chakaita sebhutsu". Ichi chiratidzo cheToF.
• Electrocardiogram (EKG kana ECG) : Iyi nzira yekuongorora mashandiro emagetsi emwoyo. Inogona kuona chero kusarongeka kwemoyo kana kuti makamuri emoyo ari kushanda zvakanyanya.
• Kuongororwa kwemoyo : Iyi bvunzo yakaoma zvishoma. Inoitwa chete kana zvichidikanwa. Chubhu diki (catheter) inopfuudzwa nemutsinga yeropa iri mugumbo kana ruoko ichipinda mumoyo kuti iyere kumanikidzwa mukati memoyo, itore sampuro dzeropa, uye ione chimiro chayo zvakajeka.

Pakuongorora chirwere ichi kumunhu mukuru kana mwana akura zvishoma, bvunzo dzataurwa pamusoro apa, dzakadai se `(EKG)` uye `(Cardiac Catheterization),` dzinogona kushandiswa.

Dambudziko iri `(Tetralogy of Fallot)` rinorapwa sei?

Mishonga mikuru yemwana ane `(ToF)` mishonga nekuvhiyiwa . Danho rekutanga, vanachiremba vanogona kupa mwana mishonga yakaita se`(Beta-blockers)` kudzora zviratidzo zvemwana uye kuvandudza kutenderera kweropa. Vanogonawo kupa oxygen yakawedzerwa.

Kuvhiyiwa kwekugadzirisa matambudziko ese mana emwoyo kunowanzoitwa pakati pemwedzi mitatu kusvika mitanhatu mwana aberekwa. Mushure mekuvhiyiwa uku, nzira inoyerera nayo ropa mumoyo inodzokera pakare.

Ndezvipi zvingasarudzwa pakuvhiya?

Nzira dzekurapa dzinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro emwana. Dzimwe nguva, kana mwana ari mudiki kana kuti asina simba, zvinogona kuoma kuita oparesheni huru panguva imwe chete. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, oparesheni iri nyore (`(Palliative Surgery)`) inogona kuitwa kudzora zviratidzo kwenguva pfupi kusvika mwana akura zvishoma uye asimba. Ndipo chete panogona kuitwa `(Complete Repair)`.

Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekuvhiya:

• Kugadzirisa Kwakazara : Mukuita uku, chiremba anokurisa vharuvhu yakamanikana uye nzira inotakura ropa kuenda kumapapu. Zvakare, buri riri pakati pemakamuri maviri epazasi emwoyo (VSD) rinovharwa nepatch.
• Maitiro eBTT Shunt : Uku ndiko kuvhiyiwa kwenguva pfupi kwambotaurwa. Chubhu diki (Shunt) inoiswa pakati petsinga yeruoko rwemwana (Subclavian Artery) netsinga yemapapu (Pulmonary Artery). Izvi zvinoita kuti ropa rakawanda riyerere kumapapu.
• Maitiro eCatheter : Dzimwe nguva, stent inogona kuiswa mumoyo kuburikidza necatheter pasina kuvhiyiwa kuti ventricle yekurudyi irambe yakavhurika. Inogona zvakare kushandiswa kudzivirira patent ductus arteriosus yemwana (chubhu inobatanidza tsinga dzemapapu neaorta) kuti isavhare.

Kuvhiyiwa kwevakuru

Kashoma, vamwe vanhu vanogona kurarama vari vadiki vasina kuvhiyiwa vosvika pakuva vakuru. Nyanzvi dzinokurudzira vanhu vakadaro kuti vavhiyiwe zvizere kudzivirira matambudziko mune ramangwana uye kuderedza njodzi yekufa kamwe kamwe.

Mukuita uku, chiremba anovhiya ane ruzivo nezvechirwere chemwoyo chevanhu vakuru (VSD) anovhara dambudziko racho nepatch, ovhura atrium yekurudyi, ogadzirisa kana kutsiva vharuvhu yemapapu. Tsinga yemapapu, iyo inopa ropa kumapapu ese, inokura. Dzimwe nguva chubhu inoiswa pakati peatrium yekurudyi netsinga yemapapu kuti ropa rifambe zvakanaka.

Vanhu vakuru vazhinji vanorapwa chirwere chemwoyo (ToF) havazodi kurapwa zvakare, asi vanofanira kuramba vachiona chiremba wemwoyo wevanhu vakuru vakaberekwa navo kuti vagare vachiongororwa.

Ndezvipi zvinetso zvinogona kuitika mushure mekuvhiyiwa?

Mushure mekuvhiyiwa kweTetralogy of Fallot, dzimwe nguva (uye dzimwe nguva kunyange mushure mechinguva), mamwe matambudziko anogona kumuka. Asi musazvidya mwoyo, vanachiremba vanogara vachiteerera izvi.

• Kukanganiswa Kwemagetsi: Chigamba chinovhara VSD dzimwe nguva chinogona kukanganisa masaini emagetsi kubva kumakamuri epamusoro emwoyo (Atria) kuenda kumakamuri epasi (Ventricles). Izvi zvinogona kugadziriswa ne pacemaker. Kana ToF yakagadziriswa, pane njodzi ye arrhythmias (kurova kwemoyo kusingawanzoitiki) mumakamuri epamusoro neepasi emwoyo. Kana uine syncopal episode, unofanirwa kuongororwa izvi.
• Chikanganiso cheSeptal cheResidual Ventricular : Dzimwe nguva panogona kunge paine kakudonhedza kadiki kakatenderedza chigamba chinoshandiswa kuvhara VSD.
• Aneurysm : Chigamba chinoshandiswa kugadzirisa vharuvhu chinogona kukonzera kuti nzvimbo dzisina kusimba muvharuvhu dzibude dzoita aneurysm (kubuda kwakaita sebharumu mutsinga yeropa). Kunewo njodzi yakakura yekuva neaneurysm muaorta inokwira.
• Matambudziko eShunt : Nekuda kweshunt yakaiswa panguva yekuvhiyiwa kwekutanga kwenguva pfupi, matambudziko akadai sekutetepa (stenosis), kukwira kweropa mutsinga dzemapapu, uye kumanikidzwa zvakanyanya kuruboshwe rwemoyo zvinogona kuitika.
• Mavharuvhu Anobuda : Ropa rinogona kudonha richidzokera kumashure kuburikidza nemavharuvhu ari mumapapu ako, aorta, kana kurudyi kwemoyo wako (Tricuspid). Dzimwe nguva, vharuvhu yemapapu (Valve Replacement) inogona kudiwa.

Chii chaungatarisira kana uchirarama nechirwere ichi?

Kunyangwe kuyerera kweropa mumoyo kuchidzoka pakare mushure mekuvhiyiwa kweTetralogy of Fallot, kuchine zvinhu zvishoma izvo iwe kana mwana wako zvamunofanira kuziva:

• Njodzi yeKutapukirwa neMwoyo : Njodzi yeEndocarditis yakakwira zvishoma. Saka, unofanira kungwarira zvakanyanya nezvehutano hwemazino ako. Chiremba wako anogona kukukurudzira kuti utore mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kudzivirira kutapukirwa panguva yekurapwa kwemazino.
• Kukura Kunonoka : Vacheche vane Tetralogy of Fallot vanogona kukura zvishoma nezvishoma uye kuwedzera huremu. Vangada kurapwa nemuviri, kutaura, kana basa.
• Njodzi Dzekubata Pamuviri : Vakadzi vakuru vanofanira kuongororwa moyo vasati vabata pamuviri. Njodzi yekubuda pamuviri inogona kunge yakakwira zvishoma pane yakajairwa.
• Zvirambidzo zveMishonga : Semunhu mukuru, ungangofanira kushandisa mimwe mishonga uye nzira dzekudzivirira pamuviri chete nechirwere chemwoyo wako.

Remangwana remamiriro ezvinhu e `(ToF)` rakaita sei?

Nekufambira mberi kwesainzi yezvekurapa, ramangwana revana vane `(Tetralogy of Fallot)` rava nani kupfuura kare. Kurapa kwekuvhiyiwa kunobudirira zvikuru mukugadzirisa zvikanganiso muchimiro chemwoyo nekuyerera kweropa. Kubudirira kwekuvhiyiwa kwevanhu vakuru nachiremba ane ruzivo rwekuvhiyiwa kwemwoyo wekuzvarwa nawo kwakanyanyawo.

Nhasi uno, vacheche vazhinji vanovhiyiwa kuti vagadzirise Tetralogy of Fallot vanorarama hupenyu hune simba. Zvisinei, panogona kunge paine zvimwe zvinorambidzwa pamabasa anorema, akadai semitambo yemakwikwi. Huwandu hwekurarama kwenguva refu mushure mekuvhiyiwa kweToF hwakanaka kwazvo. Vanhu vazhinji vanovhiyiwa vanorarama kusvika pamakore avo ekuma30. Zvisinei, kana kuvhiyiwa kusingaitwe, munhu mumwe chete pavanhu vatatu vane Tetralogy of Fallot ndiye achararama kwemakore gumi.

Vamwe vakuru vakambovhiyiwa Tetralogy of Fallot vachiri vana vanogona kuva nematambudziko ekukura anoda mishonga, kurapwa, kana kuvhiyiwa zvakare. Saka, zvakakosha kuti vakuru vabvunze chiremba wavo wemwoyo vasati vavhiyiwa pane imwe nhengo yemuviri.

Pane zvandingaita here kuti mwana wangu anzwe zviri nani?

Mwana wako paanenge akamirira kuvhiyiwa, unogona kumubatsira kana aine "tet spells" (paanenge achinja kuita bhuruu uye achinetseka kufema). Kana achinetseka kufema, muise panzvimbo yakakotama mabvi ake achienderana nechipfuva chake . Nzvimbo iyi inowedzera kuyerera kweropa kuenda kumapapu, izvo zvinogona kubatsira mwana wako kunzwa zviri nani.

Zvakare, zvakakosha zvikuru kupa mwana mvura yakakwana yekunwa uye kumudzivirira kuti asazvinetsa zvakanyanya.

Ndinofanira kuona chiremba wangu rini?

Kana mwana wako aine "tet spell" yakanyanya, zvichireva kuti anoshanduka kuita bhuruu uye anonetseka kufema, muendese kuchipatara chiri pedyo nekukurumidza . Kana uri munhu mukuru, kana uchinzwa kupera simba, dzungu, uchinetseka kufema, kana kurwadziwa muchipfuva, unofanirawo kuenda kuchipatara.

Vakuru vakavhiyiwa kekutanga kwevharuvhu yemwoyo (ToF) vachiri vadiki vanofanira kuongororwa moyo zvizere gore rega rega kana maviri . Miedzo yakasiyana-siyana inogona kuitwa kuti vaone mashandiro emwoyo, semuenzaniso:

• `(Holter Monitor)` (Mudziyo unorekodha `ECG` mukati mezuva)
• Kuongororwa kweElektrocardiogram (EKG)
• Kuedza Kushushikana Kwemuviri
• Echocardiogram (kuongorora kwemoyo)
• MRI yemoyo

Uyewo, chiremba wako anogara achitarisa kukura uye mashandiro erutivi rwerudyi rwemoyo wako.

Mushure mekugadzirisa Tetralogy of Fallot, mwana wako achafanirwa kuongororwa nguva nenguva nachiremba wemwoyo wevana. Kutarisirwa uku kucharamba kuripo kusvika akura.

Mimwe mibvunzo yaunogona kubvunza chiremba wako:

• Mwana wangu achafanira kuderedza mitambo yake mushure mekuvhiyiwa here?
• Mwana wangu achada kuvhiyiwazve here?
• Ndeipi mimwe mishonga (kana iripo) iyo mwana wangu anofanira kunwa?

Pakupedzisira, ndinofanira kutaura kuti... (Mharidzo yekuenda nayo kumba)

Zvakajairika kunzwa wakaremerwa uye wakasuruvara paunoziva kuti mwana wako achangoberekwa ane chirwere chemwoyo. Asi yeuka, timu yako yezvekurapa yakabatsira vabereki vakawanda vakambosangana nemamiriro ezvinhu akafanana, uye vanogona kukubatsirawo. Kana uri kunzwa kushushikana nezvekutarisira mwana ane Tetralogy of Fallot, usatya kutaura nenyanzvi yezvekurapa. Zvakare, nyanzvi yezvekurapa inogona kubatsira vana nevakuru vechidiki vanonzwa kuti vari pamberi pevamwe vavo mukukura. Vimba kuti nekurapwa kwakakodzera uye kutarisirwa nerudo, vana ava vanogonawo kuva nehupenyu hwakanaka.

` Tetralogy of Fallot, Chirwere chemwoyo chevana, Zvirwere zvemwoyo zvekuzvarwa nazvo, Maburi mumoyo, Blue Baby Syndrome, Kuvhiyiwa kwemoyo, Maumbirwo emoyo