Nantsi into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nomhlaza!

Xa sisiva igama elithi umhlaza, sonke siyoyika kancinci, akunjalo? Enyanisweni, nokuba sisiva eli gama, siziva sisoyika kwaye sibuhlungu. Kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nokuqonda okucacileyo ukuba yintoni kanye kanye umhlaza, indlela okhula ngayo, kunye nonyango olufumanekayo lwawo. Kuba, ukuqonda ngamandla amakhulu okujongana nento efana nale. Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngalo mhlaza ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni le mhlaza? Ngamafutshane...

Ngamafutshane, umhlaza ligama eliqhelekileyo leqela lezifo ezenzeka xa iiseli eziqhelekileyo emzimbeni wethu ziba ziiseli zomhlaza, zahlulahlula kwaye zande ngokungalawulekiyo, kwaye ziqala ukusasazeka emzimbeni wonke. Cinga ngako, iijini zethu zezo zinika iiseli zethu imiyalelo - umzekelo, izinto ezinje 'qala ukukhula ngoku, yeka ukukhula ngoku'. Iiseli ezisempilweni eziqhelekileyo zilandela le miyalelo ngokuchanekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, iiseli zomhlaza aziyinaki le miyalelo konke konke. Ziqala ukuhlukana kwaye zisasazeka njengoko zifuna. Enyanisweni, umhlaza ngunobangela wesibini ophambili wokufa kumazwe afana ne-United States. Nangona kunjalo, iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba inani lokufa ngenxa yomhlaza ngoku liphantsi kunokuba lalinjalo kwiminyaka engama-20 eyadlulayo. Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kunye nonyango oluphambili nolunobuchule ngoku luncede ukunyanga umhlaza kwaye luncede abantu abanomhlaza baphile ixesha elide.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo zomhlaza ezingaphezu kwe-100. Oogqirha bazihlela ngokwendawo apho umhlaza uqala khona emzimbeni kunye nohlobo lwezicubu oluchaphazelayo. Zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezintathu eziphambili: 1. Umhlaza oqinileyo: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza . Ngokufutshane, izigulane ezisi-8 ukuya kwezisi-9 kwezili-10 ezinomhlaza zihlushwa lolu hlobo lomhlaza. Ezi ziquka umhlaza okhula kwizicubu ze-epithelial, ezifana nezo zikwisikhumba sethu, amabele, amathumbu amakhulu, kunye nemiphunga, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-carcinomas. Zikwabandakanya umhlaza okhula kwizicubu zamathambo kunye nezixhumi, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-sarcomas. 2. Umhlaza wegazi: Ezi ziqala kwiiseli zethu zegazi okanye kwinkqubo ye-lymphatic. Umzekelo, izifo ezifana ne-`(Leukemia)` (Leukemia), `(Lymphoma)` (Lymphoma) kunye ne-`(Multiple Myeloma)` zifakiwe phantsi kolu didi. 3. Umhlaza oxutyiweyo: Kukho umhlaza oneempawu zombini ezi ntlobo zingasentla, okanye iimpawu zeentlobo ezimbini. Umzekelo ziintlobo `(Carcinosarcoma)` kunye `(Adenosquamous carcinoma)`.

Ixhaphake kangakanani umhlaza?

Umhlaza ngunobangela wesibini ophambili wokufa kwihlabathi liphela. Abaphandi baqikelela ukuba ngo-2024, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-2 eMelika kuphela baza kube besandula ukufunyanwa benomhlaza, kwaye abantu abangaphezu kwama-611,000 baza kufa ngenxa yesi sifo. Lowo ngumntu omnye kwabane.Kuthiwa abantu banokuba nomhlaza ngaxa lithile ebomini babo. Ezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zomhlaza eMelika zezi:

• Umhlaza webele
• Umhlaza wemiphunga
• Umhlaza weprostate
• Umhlaza weColoral
• Umhlaza wegazi

Nabani na angafumana umhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, kukho umahluko phakathi kwamaqela athile eentlanga kunye nesini. NgokweNgxelo yoMhlaza yoNyaka ka-2022:

• Amadoda anamathuba amancinci okuba nomhlaza kunabafazi.
• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala basengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza kunabanye abantu abaneminyaka yobudala.
• Umhlaza uxhaphake kakhulu kumadoda amnyama xa uthelekiswa nezinye iintlanga.
• Umhlaza uxhaphake kakhulu kubafazi baseMelika abangamaNdiya okanye amaNdiya aseAlaska kunabafazi bezinye iintlanga.

Ziziphi iimpawu ezinokubakho zomhlaza?

Iimpawu zomhlaza zingahluka kumntu nomntu. Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza onalo kunye nokuba usasazeke kangakanani. Nazi ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo onokuzifumana:

• Ukuhlala uziva udiniwe kakhulu (` Ukudinwa` )
• Umkhuhlane, ingakumbi ebusuku
• Umnqweno wokutya
• Ukubila ebusuku
• Intlungu engapheliyo
• Utshintsho lolusu , ingakumbi utshintsho kwimilo okanye ubungakanani beempawu zokuzalwa, okanye ukubonakala kweempawu zokuzalwa ezintsha
• Ukunciphisa umzimba ngendlela engachazekiyo

Ngamanye amaxesha, iimpawu ezithile kwilungu apho umhlaza ukulo nazo zinokubakho. Umzekelo:

• Ukopha emchameni okanye esitulweni
• Utshintsho kwimilo, umbala, okanye ubungakanani bophawu lokuzalwa eluswini
• Ukukhohlela igazi
• Amaqhuma amatsha okanye ukudumba emzimbeni

Olu luhlu aluphelelanga. Kwakhona, ukuba nezi mpawu akuthethi ukuba unomhlaza. Umhlaza sisifo esintsonkothileyo . Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zinokuba neempawu ezahlukeneyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, usenokungazi nokuba unomhlaza kangangeminyaka. Ngamanye amaxesha, iimpawu zisenokubonakala kwaye zinokuba nzima ngokukhawuleza.

Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukuxela naluphi na utshintsho olungaqhelekanga emzimbeni wakho oluye lwenzeka kangangeeveki ezingaphezu kwezimbini., Ukwazisa ugqirha ngayo loo nto.

Kutheni le nto lo mhlaza usenzeka? (Izizathu zomhlaza)

Umhlaza sisifo semfuza . Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba zonke ii-cancer zizuzwe njengelifa. Oku kwenzeka xa ii-genes ezilawula indlela iiseli zethu ezisebenza ngayo zitshintsha. Oku kubangela ukuba iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zikhule, zahlukane, kwaye ekugqibeleni ziphazamise ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwemizimba yethu. Ezi seli ezingaqhelekanga zinokwenza ii-tumor. Ngamanye amaxesha, ezi seli zomhlaza zinokuqhekeka kwi-tumor zihambe ziye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba ngenkqubo yethu ye-lymphatic okanye igazi. Oku koko oogqirha bakubiza ngokuba yi-metastasis. Umzekelo, ukuba i-tumor ebeleni lakho isasazeka iye emiphungeni yakho, unokuba nengxaki yokuphefumla. Kwezinye iintlobo zomhlaza wegazi, umongo wethu wethambo uqala ukuvelisa iiseli zegazi ezingaqhelekanga ngaphandle kolawulo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezi seli ezingaqhelekanga zikhupha iiseli zegazi eziqhelekileyo nezisempilweni. Abaphandi bezonyango baqikelela ukuba yi-5% ukuya kwi-10% kuphela yazo zonke ii-cancer ezibangelwa ziinguqu zemfuza ezizuzwe njengelifa. Oko kukuthi, zibangelwa zizinto esingenakuzilawula. Uninzi lwee-cancer zibangelwa ziinguqu zemfuza ezifunyenweyo. Oko kukuthi, utshintsho olwenzeka ngexesha lobomi bethu. Oogqirha bachonge izinto ezininzi ezonyusa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza.

Izinto ezibangela umhlaza

Akukho sizathu sinye somhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezithile ezinokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza. Ezi ziquka:

• Imbali yosapho : Ukuba ilungu losapho elisondeleyo (abazali, abantakwenu, ootatomkhulu noomakhulu) libe nomhlaza, nawe usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nomhlaza.
• Ukutshaya : Ukutshaya icuba kunye nee-e-cigarettes kwandisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wemiphunga, womqala, wepancreas, kunye nowomlomo.
• Izinto ezibangela imeko-bume: Ukuchatshazelwa ziityhefu zemeko-bume, ezifana ne-asbestos, izibulali-zinambuzane kunye ne-radon, kunokubangela umhlaza ngokuhamba kwexesha.
• Ukungondleki: Ukutya okunamafutha amaninzi kunye neswekile eninzi kwandisa umngcipheko wokuba neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza. Kwakhona, ukuba awuzilolongi ngokwaneleyo umzimba, unokuba sengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa zizifo.
• Unyango lwehomoni:Abafazi abasebenzisa unyango lokutshintshwa kweehomoni banokuba sengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza wamabele kunye nomhlaza wesibeleko.
• Ukuchatshazelwa yimitha: Ukuchatshazelwa rhoqo yimitha ye-ultraviolet (UV) evela elangeni kwandisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wolusu. Ukuchatshazelwa kakhulu yimitha yonyango nako kunokuba yingozi.

Ungazi njani ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba unomhlaza? (Ukuxilongwa)

Oogqirha baqala inkqubo yokuxilonga umhlaza ngovavanyo olupheleleyo lomzimba. Bakubuza ngeempawu zakho kunye nembali yezonyango zosapho lwakho. Ukongeza, banokufuna ukwenza uvavanyo olufana nolu:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi lomhlaza: Olu vavanyo lungabandakanya "uvavanyo lwegazi olupheleleyo (i-CBC)`` (uvavanyo lwegazi olupheleleyo), "uvavanyo lweprotheyini yegazi``, kunye novavanyo lwe-"tumor marker``.
• Uvavanyo lokufota: Uvavanyo olufana `(CT scan)` (CT scan), `(MRI)` (MRI), `(Ultrasound)` (Ultrasound) okanye `(Iodine Metaiodobenzylguanidine - MIGB)`.
• Iibhayopsy: Ezi zingenziwa ngotyando (ngokusikwa) okanye ngaphandle kotyando (ngenaliti). Oku kuquka ukuthatha isiqwenga sesicwili esikrokrelekayo uze usihlole phantsi kwe-microscope.
• Uvavanyo lofuzo lomhlaza: Olu vavanyo lunceda ekuchongeni iintlobo zomhlaza ezizuzwe njengelifa kunye nokucwangcisa unyango lwazo.

Inqanaba lomhlaza lichongwa njani?

Oogqirha basebenzisa uhlalutyo lomhlaza ukucwangcisa unyango kunye nokufumana umbono wendlela esiza kuqhubeka ngayo esi sifo (ukuxela kwangaphambili). Uninzi lomhlaza lunezigaba ezine eziphambili. Isigaba esichanekileyo simiselwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ubungakanani bethumba kunye nendawo elikuyo.

• Amanqanaba I-III (1-3) (akwinqanaba lokuqala okanye aqhubele phambili ekuhlaleni): La manqanaba adla ngokuchaza iimeko apho umhlaza ukhulele ngqo kwizicubu ezingqongileyo, okanye usasazeke kwii-lymph nodes ezikufutshane.
• Inqanaba lesi-4 (4) (umhlaza osasazekayo): Oku kuthetha ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zisasazeke kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba, nokuba ngegazi lakho okanye ngenkqubo ye-lymphatic.

Unyango lomhlaza lunjani?

Oogqirha banokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango. Ngamanye amaxesha, banokusebenzisa indibaniselwano yonyango, kuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho. Iindlela zonyango zomhlaza ezixhaphakileyo zezi:

• Utyando: Iithumba ezinomhlaza ezingakasasazeka kwamanye amalungu omzimba zinokususwa ngotyando.
• Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Amayeza anamandla anikwa njengeepilisi okanye njengolwelo olufakwa ngemithambo yegazi ukuze kutshatyalaliswe iiseli zomhlaza.
• Unyango ngemitha: Iidosi eziphezulu zemitha zisetyenziselwa ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza.
• Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy: Luvuselela amajoni omzimba wakho ukuba alwe nesifo.
• Unyango olujoliswe kulo: Unyango lujolise ngqo kwiinguqu zemfuza eziguqula iiseli eziphilileyo zibe ziiseli zomhlaza.
• Unyango lweehomoni: Luthintela iihomoni ezinceda ukukhula komhlaza. Umzekelo, abantu abanomhlaza we-prostate banokunikwa iihomoni ezinciphisa amanqanaba e-testosterone.
• Ukufakelwa komongo wethambo: Iiseli zegazi ezonakeleyo zithathelwa indawo ziiseli eziphilileyo.

Unyango lomhlaza lunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezininzi. Ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga zixhomekeke kuhlobo lonyango olufumanayo kunye nendlela umzimba wakho osabela ngayo kulo. Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ngexesha lonyango lwakho lomhlaza, qiniseka ukuba uxelele ugqirha wakho. Banokukwazi ukukunika iingcebiso okanye amayeza anokukunceda.

Ngaba zikho iindlela zokuthintela umhlaza?

Ayizizo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza ezinokuthintelwa, ingakumbi ezo zibangelwa zizinto ezinobungozi esingenakuzilawula. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho:

• Ukuba uyatshaya okanye usebenzisa icuba, zama ukuyeka . Buza ugqirha wakho malunga neenkqubo zokuyeka ukutshaya.
• Landela isicwangciso sokutya esinempilo esikufaneleyo.
• Yongeza umthambo womzimba kwimisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla.
• Ziphephe izinto ezinobungozi kwindalo ezifana ne-asbestos kunye nezibulali-zinambuzane.
• Zikhusele ekonakaleni lilanga (umz., sebenzisa iiglasi zelanga, iminqwazi, izithambisi zelanga).
• Fumana uhlolo lomhlaza rhoqo.

Bunjani ubomi nomhlaza? (Imbono yomhlaza)

Uhlukile, kwaye ingqikelelo yakho ihlukile. Oogqirha bakho baya kugqiba indlela ocinga ngayo ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezifana nezi:

• Impilo yakho iyonke .
• Uhlobo lomhlaza onalo.
• Inqanaba lomhlaza wakho.
• Indlela osabela ngayo kunyango .

Nangona kungekho "nyango" lunye lomhlaza, eminye i-cancer isabela kakuhle kunyango. Abantu abaninzi bafumana ukwehla kweempawu. Oogqirha bakubiza oku ngokuthi ukuncipha kweempawu, ngamanye amaxesha nokunyamalala ngokupheleleyo, "kukuxolelwa". "Ukuxolelwa okuncinci" kuthetha ukuba iimpawu ziye zehla ukuya kwinqanaba elithile. "Ukuxolelwa okupheleleyo" kuthetha ukuba akusekho zimpawu. Ngenxa yokuba i-cancer eyahlukeneyo ifuna unyango olwahlukileyo, iziphumo ziyahluka. Ngokubanzi, abantu abaxilongwayo baze banyangwe ngaphambi kokuba umhlaza usasazeke baneziphumo ezilungileyo . Nangona kunjalo, nokuba umhlaza wakho usasazeke ngaphaya kwendawo owawuqale kuyo, unyango lunokulawula ukukhula kwawo, lunciphise iimpawu zakho, lukuncede uphile ixesha elide, kwaye luphucule "umgangatho wobomi" bakho.

Zithini izinga lokusinda kwabantu abachacha kumhlaza?

Amazinga okusinda asekelwe kumava amaqela amakhulu abantu abaneentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza. Njengakwindlela esihamba ngayo esi sifo, amazinga okusinda ayahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza, inqanaba lawo, kunye nonyango.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba la manqanaba okusinda aqikelelwa kuphela. Awakuxeleli ngokuthe ngqo ukuba uza kuphila ixesha elingakanani okanye ukuba umzimba wakho uza kusabela njani kunyango oluthile. Ugqirha wakho angakuxelela okungakumbi ngale nto.

Ndingazinyamekela njani? (Ukuzinyamekela)

Ukuzinyamekela kubaluleke kakhulu xa uphila nomhlaza. Kunokwahluka kumntu ngamnye. Ukuzinyamekela nge-TLC encinci (Tender Loving Care) xa uyidinga kunokunciphisa uxinzelelo kwaye kuphucule impilo-ntle yakho yengqondo, yeemvakalelo, neyokomoya. Nazi ezinye zezinto onokuzenza:

• Zama izinto ezifana nobugcisa okanye unyango lomculo.
• Fumana iqela lenkxaso ukuze uthethe nabantu abaye baba namava afana nawe.
• Fumana umasaji olula (kodwa buza ugqirha wakho kuqala ).
• Dibana nogqirha wezondlo uze wenze isicwangciso sokutya esikufaneleyo.
• Ziqhelise iindlela zokuzilolonga ezifana neyoga kunye nokucamngca.
• Funda incwadi oyithandayo, okanye ubukele imuvi oyithandayo.
• Phumla nanini na xa ufuna, kungekuphela nje xa unako.
• Zibekele "iiyure zokutyelela" ukuze uchithe ixesha nabantu obathandayo kwaye ukhusele ixesha lakho lokuphumla.
• Thetha nogqirha okanye umcebisi ngempembelelo yeemvakalelo yesi sifo.
• Bhala phantsi into oyicingayo kwidayari.

Ezinye zezi zinto zisenokungasebenzi kuwe, kwaye kulungile oko. Eyona nto iphambili kukwenza izinto ezikuzisela uvuyo nolwaneliseko.Fumana iindlela zokuchitha ixesha lakho ngendlela enentsingiselo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Xelela ugqirha wakho ngazo naziphi na iingxaki onazo ngelixa unyangwa umhlaza, kuquka neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ugqirha wakho wezifo zomhlaza angakunceda ufumane iindlela zokukwenza uzive ukhululekile. Ukuba awuziva kakuhle, ungathandabuzi ukumxelela.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha?

Ulwazi lunamandla. Ukuba unomhlaza, kubalulekile ukuqokelela ulwazi oluninzi kangangoko unako. Nazi ezinye zemibuzo onokuzibuza ugqirha wakho:

• Luhlobo luni lomhlaza endinalo?
• Ingaba umhlaza usasazeke nakwamanye amalungu omzimba wam?
• Angakanani amathuba am okuchacha?
• Ucebisa luphi unyango?
• Zithini iingozi kunye neenzuzo zonyango lwam?
• Unyango luthatha ixesha elingakanani?
• Ngaba ndiza kukwazi ukusebenza ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza?
• Ngaba unyango lomhlaza luza kuyichaphazela inzala yam?
• Ngaba kuya kufuneka ndihlale esibhedlele ukuze ndifumane unyango?
• Ngaba uvavanyo lweklinikhi lungaba lukhetho olufanelekileyo kum?

Amagama athi "unomhlaza" mhlawumbi ngawona mazwi oyikisayo owakha waweva. Ngequbuliso, yonke into ivakala ingaqinisekanga. Ungaziva ulusizi, unesizungu, udanile, unomsindo. Ungaziva zonke ezi zinto ngaxeshanye. Okanye, ungaziva udandathekile ngokupheleleyo. Nokuba uziva ntoni na, kulungile. Olu xilongo luza kunditshintsha njani? Ubomi bam buza kuba njani ngoku? Ndiza kuba nexesha elingakanani nabantu endibathandayo? Ukuba le mibuzo idlula engqondweni yakho, awuwedwa. Ukususela ngomhla owafunyaniswa ngawo, ube ngumntu osindileyo kumhlaza – ilungu loluntu lwehlabathi. Uza kudibana nabantu abaninzi endleleni. Funa inkxaso kubo nakubantu obathandayo. Oogqirha bakho bayayiqonda indlela esibaluleke ngayo esi siganeko sitshintsha ubomi – balapha ukukunceda nangayiphi na indlela oyifunayo.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Nangona umhlaza uyinto enzulu, ukwazi, ukubonwa kwangethuba, kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu.

• Ukuba uneempawu ezingaqhelekanga (ingakumbi ukuba zihlala ixesha elingaphezulu kweeveki ezimbini), funa ingcebiso kugqirha.
• Ziphephe izinto ezibangela umhlaza kangangoko unako (ukungatshayi, ukutya okunempilo, ukuzilolonga).
• Fumana uhlolo lwempilo rhoqo.
• Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho malunga nonyango kunye nemiphumo yalo.
• Khumbula ukuba awuwedwa . Fumana uncedo kusapho, kubahlobo, nakumaqela enkxaso.

Khumbula, kubaluleke kakhulu ukujongana nale ngxaki ngengqondo eqinileyo kunye nesimo sengqondo esihle .