Ingaba isilwanyana siyingozi? Ngaba sinesifo esinoburhalarhume? Ngaba uyoyika isifo soburhalarhume? Makhe sithethe ngale nto!

Sonke siyazithanda izilwanyana, akunjalo? Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, into encinci inokuba yingxaki enkulu xa singacingi ngayo. Yiyo loo nto i-rabies iyiyo. Nokuba uliva eli gama livakala lisoyikisa kancinci, akunjalo? Kodwa ukuba uyazi kwaye uthatha amanyathelo afunekayo, akunzima kangako ukuhlala ukhuselekile ngokupheleleyo kule meko iyingozi. Ngoko ke, namhlanje, masithethe ngokuba yintoni (Rabies) , indlela eyichaphazela ngayo imizimba yethu, kunye nendlela esinokuzikhusela ngayo kuyo.

Yintoni iRabies? Ngamafutshane...

I-Rabies sisifo esiyingozi kakhulu nesinokuba yingozi kwintsholongwane. Sibangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Rabies virus – RABV)`. Le ntsholongwane idla ngokungena emizimbeni yethu ngokudibana ngqo namathe esilwanyana esinesifo, okanye kwiindawo ezithile zobuchopho/inkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Oko kukuthi, mhlawumbi ngokukrweleka, ukulunywa, okanye ngenxeba lesikhumba, okanye ngemibhobho efana namehlo, impumlo, okanye umlomo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, nangona i-rabies ibulala, sisifo esinokuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo. Sifuna nje amanyathelo akhawulezileyo.

Esi sifo sinokudluliselwa ebantwini kwanakwizilwanyana zasekhaya (ezifana nezinja neekati) emakhayeni ethu, ingakumbi ukuba isilwanyana esinesifo siluma okanye sikrwela inxeba.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngokwenene xa unesifo se-rabies?

Khawuthelekelele ulunywe sisilwanyana esinesifo se-rabies. Intsholongwane ethi "Rabies", ekwisithende sesilwanyana, ingena emzimbeni wakho ngenxeba. Emva koko, le ntsholongwane ihamba kancinci, kodwa ngokuthe chu , ngemithambo-luvo yakho, ukuya kwinkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo ephakathi, oko kukuthi, ingqondo yakho kunye nomqolo .

Ingxaki yokwenyani iqala xa intsholongwane ifika engqondweni. Kulapho ke ingqondo iqala khona ukonakala, nto leyo ebangela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zemithambo-luvo. Ekugqibeleni, le meko inokukhokelela ekubeni umntu angabi naxesha aze afe. ​​Yiyo loo nto iyingozi kangaka.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Ukuba ujonga kwihlabathi liphela, abantu abangaphezu kwesiqingatha sesigidi, okanye malunga nama-59,000, bafa ngenxa yesifo somqala minyaka le. Kodwa kumazwe afana neMelika, oku kunqabile kakhulu, abantu abangaphantsi kwesithathu bayasifumana minyaka le. Isizathu soku kukuba abantu abaninzi bagonywa kwangoko emva kokuba belunywe sisilwanyana. Nakwilizwe lethu, ukwazi ngale nto kunye nonyango olukhawulezileyo kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu yi-rabies?

Esi sifo sixhaphake kakhulu kwiindawo zasemaphandleni zaseAsia naseAfrika. Sifumaneka kuwo onke amazwekazi ngaphandle kweAntarctica. E-United States, sixhaphake kakhulu kwizilwanyana zasendle. Nangona kunjalo, kwamanye amazwe amaninzi, njengeSri Lanka, sisasazeka kakhulu zizinja. Abantwana abancinci banamathuba amaninzi osulelwa sesi sifo kunabantu abadala, kuba badlala nezilwanyana kwaye ngamanye amaxesha abaqondi ngokupheleleyo ingozi.

Indlela iRabies Echaphazela Ngayo Umzimba Wethu

Uhambo lwale ntsholongwane ukusuka enxebeni ukuya ebuchotsheni lwenzeka ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Masibone ukuba zeziphi ezo zigaba.

1. Ixesha apho intsholongwane ihlala khona emzimbeni (Ixesha lokuFukama)

Eli lixesha elithathwayo ukuba intsholongwane ingene emzimbeni ize iye kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Eli xesha linokususela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiiveki ezimbalwa, okanye nakwiinyanga. Ngeli xesha, akukho zimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unyango lunikwa ngeli xesha "lokufukama", oko kukuthi, ngaphambi kokuba kuvele iimpawu, uphuhliso lwerabies lunokupheliswa ngokupheleleyo.

2. Isigaba sokukhula kwesisu

Ngoku intsholongwane ethi `(RABV)` ihamba ngeeseli zemithambo-luvo ize ingene engqondweni nakwi-spinal cord. Njengoko isenza njalo, yonakalisa imithambo-luvo. Le `(Prodromal phase)` iqala xa intsholongwane ingena kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Emva koko inkqubo yomzimba yethu yokuzikhusela iqala ukulwa nayo, nto leyo enokubangela iimpawu zomkhuhlane ezifana nomkhuhlane kunye neentlungu zomzimba . Kwakhona, ungaziva ungenamandla, uqaqanjelwa, kwaye urhawuzelelwa kwindawo yokulunywa. Eli xesha lingathatha iintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezilishumi. Into ebuhlungu kukuba, wakufika kweli nqanaba, phantse akukho nyango lusebenzayo.

3. Isigaba esibukhali se-neurologic

Kule nqanaba, intsholongwane ethi `(Rabies)` iqala ukonakalisa ingqondo kunye nomqolo. Kule nqanaba, iimpawu zinokubonakala ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili:

• I-Furious Rabies: Oku kwenzeka kubantu abamalunga nesibini kwisithathu. Kubangela ukuziphatha okungazolanga, ubundlobongela, ukuxhuzula , kunye nokulahlekelwa zingqondo.
• I-Paralytic Rabies: Oku kunokwenzeka nakwabanye abantu. Umzimba uyafa kwaye ungabi nabomi. Ngokuqhelekileyo iqala kwindawo yokulunywa ize isasazeke kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.

I-Acute rabies inokuhlala iintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiveki, i-Paralytic rabies inokuhlala ukuya kwinyanga.

4. Imeko ye-Coma

Abantu abaninzi bawela kwi-coma kwisigaba sokugqibela sesi sifo. Ekugqibeleni, ukufa ngenxa ye-rabies kuyenzeka.

Zithini iimpawu zeRabies?

Intsholongwane ayibonakalisi zimpawu kangangeeveki ezimbalwa emva kokuba ingenile emzimbeni. Kuphela xa intsholongwane ifikelela kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi (oko kukuthi, ngexesha le-'prodromal phase') apho kuvela khona iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane. Kwinqanaba lokugqibela, kuvela iimpawu ezinxulumene nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo (ubuchopho).

Iimpawu zeProdromal

• Ifiva
• Ukudinwa
• Ukudumba kwamanxeba okulunywa zizilwanyana, ukurhawuzelelwa , ukungaziva , iintlungu
• Ukukhwehlela
• Umqala obuhkungu
• Intlungu yemisipha
• IsicaphucaphuNokuhlanza
• Urhudo

Iimpawu ze-neurologic ezibukhali

Ezi zinokuba "zinomsindo" okanye "zikhubazekileyo." Iimpawu zesifo serabies esinzima zinokuvela ngequbuliso, ziphele emva kwexesha elithile, zize zibuye.

Iimpawu zesifo se-Rabies esinoburhalarhume

• Ukuziphatha okunobundlobongela nokungazinzi
• Ukungazinzi
• Ukuxhuzula
• Ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo, ukubona /ukuva izinto ezingekhoyo
• Ukuxhuzula kwemisipha (iiFasciculations)
• Ifiva
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza (iTachycardia)
• Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza (ukuphefumula kakhulu)
• Ukutyiwa kakhulu ngamathe
• Umahluko kubukhulu be-iris yamehlo amabini (i-Anisocoria)
• Ukukhubazeka kobuso
• Ukoyika amanzi/ukusela amanzi (Hydrophobia) – Olu luphawu oluphambili
• I-Aerophobia kukoyika umoya ebusweni.
• I-Delirium

Iimpawu zeParalytic Rabies

• Ifiva
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukuqina kwentamo
• Ukuncipha kobunzima bomzimba (ingakumbi ukuqala kwindawo ekulunywe yisilwanyana kwaye kusasazeka kwezinye iindawo zomzimba)
• Ukuba ndindisholo, ukuziva ngathi ziimbovane ziyarhubuluza
• Ukukhubazeka komzimba
• Imeko ye-Coma

Kutheni sifumana i-rabies?

Isizathu sale nto yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(RABV)`. Le ntsholongwane ihamba ngemithambo-luvo emzimbeni wethu kwaye yonakalisa imithambo-luvo. Into ekhethekileyo kukuba le ntsholongwane izimela kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba ide ifike engqondweni. Kuphela emva kokufikelela engqondweni apho ibangela umonakalo kwaye ekugqibeleni ibulale.

Isifo serabies sisasazeka njani?

Isifo seRabies sifumaneka kwizilwanyana ezinegazi elifudumeleyo (izilwanyana ezanyisayo), ingakumbi kumathe azo. Sidla ngokusasazeka ngokulunywa sisilwanyana esinesifo.

Ixhaphake kakhulu kwizilwanyana ezifana namalulwane, iiskunk, iiraccoon, kunye neempungutye. Nangona kunjalo, inokufumaneka nakwizilwanyana zasekhaya ezifana nezinja kunye neekati. Irabies inokufumaneka ukuba nokuba sisilonda esincinci eluswini sakho sidibana namathe esilwanyana esineentsholongwane.

Kunqabile kakhulu, ikwadluliselwa ngexesha lokufakelwa amalungu omzimba (ukunikezelwa kwamalungu omzimba).

Zeziphi izilwanyana ezinokubangela ukuba isifo se-rabies sisasazeke kakhulu?

Ifumaneka kakhulu kwizilwanyana zasendle, ingakumbi amalulwane. Kumazwe asakhasayo, oko kukuthi, kumazwe afana nelethu, abantu abaninzi bafumana isifo serabies kwizinja ezisekhaya (ingakumbi izinja ezilahlekileyo).

Kumazwe afana neMelika, oku kudla ngokubangelwa kukulunywa ziinkumbi. Inxeba elibangelwa kukulunywa ziinkumbi lincinci kakhulu, lilingana nencam yepensile. Ngoko ke ngamanye amaxesha akukho mntu waziyo nokuba ziinkumbi zilumile. Ngenxa yoko,Ukuba ukhe wangqubana nelulwane, okanye ukuba unamathandabuzo malunga nokuba ulunywe okanye akunjalo, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani irabies? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ngokungafaniyo nezinye izifo, ayilocebo lilungileyo ukulinda de ube neempawu ukuze ufumane isifo se-rabies. Ukuba ulunywe okanye ukrwelwe sisilwanyana sasendle okanye isilwanyana sasekhaya ocinga ukuba sinesifo se-rabies, bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko. Baza kuhlola inxeba lakho, babuze imibuzo, baze bagqibe ukuba ngaba ufuna unyango lwe-rabies.

Ugqirha angabuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Wenzakala njani?
• Luhlobo luni lwesilwanyana esilumkileyo okanye esilumkileyo?
• Ngaba ungasihlola eso silwanyana okanye usijonge kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa?

Ukuba isilwanyana sirhanelwa ukuba sinesifo somgada, isilwanyana siyajongwa kangangeentsuku ezili-10, ukuba kunokwenzeka, okanye sivavanywe (ukuvavanya isilwanyana, kufuneka sibulawe).

Uvavanyo lokuxilongwa

Emva kokuba iimpawu zibonakala, kunokwenziwa olu vavanyo lulandelayo:

• Uvavanyo lwamathe: Kuthathwa isampuli yamathe ize ithunyelwe kwilabhoratri ukuze kukhangelwe iimpawu zesifo somgada.
• I-biopsy yolusu: Iqhekeza elincinci lesikhumba lithathwa ngasemva kwentamo lize lithunyelwe kwilebhu.
• Uvavanyo lolwelo lwe-cerebrospinal (Lumbar Puncture): Olu lwelo luthathwa emqolo ongezantsi ngenaliti luze luthunyelwe ukuze luvavanywe.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Kuthathwa isampulu yegazi ukuze kuhlolwe ii-antibodies.
• Iskeni se-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Sithatha imifanekiso yengqondo ukunceda ekufumaneni unobangela weempawu.

Zithini iindlela zonyango lwesifo se-rabies?

Akukho nyango luvunyiweyo lwesifo seengcongconi xa iimpawu zibonakala. Yiyo loo nto sisithi, ukuba ucinga ukuba usenokuba uchaphazelekile yile ntsholongwane (ngokulunywa, ukukrwelwa, okanye ukudibana nesilwanyana esigulayo), bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Hlamba inxeba kakuhle ngesepha namanzi ubuncinane imizuzu eli-15 . Ukuba kunokwenzeka, sebenzisa isisombululo se-povidone-iodine se-10%. Cela ugqirha wakho ukuba akunike iingcebiso ezithe vetshe malunga nendlela yokucoca inxeba.

Ugqirha uza kukunika uthotho lwemigonyo yokuthintela i-rabies ebangelwa yintsholongwane ye-rabies. Ukuba awukaze ufumane i-rabies vaccine ngaphambili, uza kunikwa nonyango lwe-antibody ngqo enxebeni.

Amayeza okurhanelwa ukuba udibene nomntu

Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). La mayeza ayayithintela intsholongwane ukuba ingafiki engqondweni.

• Ugonyo lweRabies:Iidosi ezine zinikwa kwixesha leentsuku ezili-14. Ukuba sele ufumene ugonyo lwangaphambi kokuba uhlaselwe sisifo, zidosi ezimbini kuphela ezinikwayo. Olu gonyo lufundisa umzimba wakho ukuba utshabalalise intsholongwane yesifo somqala ngaphambi kokuba ifikelele engqondweni yakho.
• I-Human rabies immune globulin (HRIG): Le inikwa ijikeleze inxeba. I-HRIG ihambisa ii-antibodies ngqo emzimbeni wakho ukuze zibulale intsholongwane kufutshane nenxeba de inkqubo yomzimba wakho yokuzikhusela iqale ukusebenza. I-HRIG ayinikwa ukuba ukhe wagonywa ngaphambili.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango

Ukugonyelwa iRabies kunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezincinci:

• Intlungu, ukurhawuzelela, ukudumba kwindawo yokutofa
• Isicaphucaphu
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Intlungu yemisipha
• Isiyezi

Ukuba uneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibi kakhulu, xelela ugqirha wakho.

Ndingenza ntoni xa ndenzakaliswe sisilwanyana esindilumileyo okanye esindikrwempileyo?

• Hlamba inxeba kakuhle ngoko nangoko ngesepha namanzi abalekayo (ubuncinane imizuzu eli-15). Ukuba kunokwenzeka, sebenzisa isisombululo se-10% se-`Povidone-iodine`.
• Nxibelelana nogqirha okanye iofisi yakho yezempilo yoluntu ngokukhawuleza. Cacisa okwenzekileyo kwaye unike zonke iinkcukacha ozaziyo ngesilwanyana (ngaba yayisisilwanyana sasendle? yayisisilo sasekhaya? luhlobo luni lwesilwanyana? Saziphatha njani?).
• Buza ugqirha ukuba ungalicoca njani inxeba kakuhle kwaye ingaba kufuneka isitofu sokugonyela isifo serabies.
• Ukuba isilwanyana sasendle esinobundlongondlongo sihlasela, yazisa ulawulo lwezilwanyana.

Kutheni kungekho nyango lwesifo se-rabies?

Akukho nyango lwesifo se-rabies xa intsholongwane ifikelele ebuchotsheni, kuba ikhuselwe ngumqobo wegazi nobuchopho .

"Isithintelo segazi-ubuchopho" sisixhobo esikhuselayo phakathi kwengqondo yakho kunye nemithambo yegazi entlokweni yakho. Sifana nesihluzo esicocekileyo. Sithintela iityhefu kunye nezinto eziyingozi ukuba zingangeni engqondweni yakho zisuka egazini lakho.

Nangona abaphandi bengaqinisekanga okwangoku, intsholongwane yesifo somqala iyawuqinisa ngakumbi lo mqobo, ngoko ke amayeza anokubulala intsholongwane awakwazi ukungena engqondweni.

Ungazikhusela njani kwiRabies? (Ukuthintela)

Isifo seRabies sinokuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo.

• Qinisekisa ukuba izilwanyana zakho zasekhaya (izinja, iikati) zinolwazi lwamva nje malunga nokugonyelwa kwazo isifo serabies.
• Musa ukuvumela izilwanyana zakho zasekhaya ziphume zodwa ngaphandle komntu oza kuzinyamekela.
• Musa ukuphatha izilwanyana zasendle. Musa ukuphatha izilwanyana ezonakeleyo okanye uzame ukuphatha izilwanyana zasendle.
• Ukuba kukho ilulwane kwigumbi apho umntu elele khona, cinga ukuba umntu ulunywe yilulwane. Ukulunywa yilulwane kuncinci kakhulu kwaye kuyaphela ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko ke bonana nogqirha.
• Ukuba ucinga ukuba usenokuba ulunywe okanye ukrwelwe sisilwanyana sasendle okanye mhlawumbi uchaphazeleke yirabies, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
• Ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana isifo serabies (njengoogqirha bezilwanyana, amagosa olawulo lwezilwanyana), kungcono ukufumana uthotho lwezitofu zokugonya ngaphambi kokuba uchaphazeleke (Pre-exposure prophylaxis – PREP).

Uthintelo lwangaphambi kokutyhileka (PREP)

Ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana isifo serabies, kungcono ukuba ugonywe ngaphambi kokuba ugonywe. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PREP)``. Olu luthotho lwemijovo emibini. Ukuba ufuna kangaphi ijojo ye-"Booster"`` kuxhomekeke kumngcipheko wakho.

Abantu abasengozini enkulu:

• Abantu abasebenza nezilwanyana zasendle okanye zasekhaya (iingcali zezilwanyana, amagosa ezilwanyana zasendle, abagcini bezilwanyana).
• Abantu abaya rhoqo kwiindawo apho kuhlala khona amalulwane nasemiqolombeni.
• Abantu abasebenza kwiilabhoratri ezisebenza nentsholongwane yesifo serabies.
• Abantu abahamba besiya kwiindawo apho i-rabies ixhaphake khona phakathi kwezinja.

Yintoni onokuyilindela xa ujongene ne-rabies?

Ukuba uchaphazeleka yi-rabies, kuya kufuneka ugonywe emva kweeveki ezimbini. Ezi gonyo zinokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezincinci, njengentlungu kwindawo otofwe kuyo kunye nokungonwabi.

Ngaba ungasinda kwisifo se-rabies?

Ewe, i-rabies ingathintelwa ukuba ufumana unyango kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuba uchaphazelekile, ngaphambi kokuba kubonakale iimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, wakuba une-rabies, oko kuthetha ukuba uneempawu, akukho nyango lusebenzayo. Ngaphandle kokugonywa ngokukhawuleza kunye nonyango oluchasene neziyobisi, i-rabies iphantse ibe yingozi rhoqo.

Ungaphila ixesha elingakanani ne-rabies?

Abantu banokuhlala bengenazo iimpawu kangangeeveki, kwaneenyanga, emva kokuvezwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukufa kwenzeka kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuqala kweempawu.

Ufanele ufune nini ingcebiso kagqirha xa ulunywe sisilwanyana okanye ukuba ukhe wachaphazeleka yirabies?

Kufuneka ithathwe ngoko nangoko. Ukuchanabeka kwisifo somgada yimeko engxamisekileyo.

Kwimeko enjalo, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza:

• Ukuba wonzakele sisilwanyana sasendle, njengokulunywa okanye ukukrwelwa.
• Ukuba ulunywe okanye ukrwelwe sisilwanyana ocinga ukuba sinokuba ne-rabies.
• Ukuba kukho ilulwane kwigumbi apho umntu wayelele khona.
• Ukuba ucinga ukuba usenokuba ukhe wachaphazeleka yi-rabies ngenye indlela.

Lungela ukuphendula imibuzo efana nokuba wonzakele njani, yayiluhlobo luni lwesilwanyana, kunye nokuba ungasijonga na isilwanyana kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa.

Ndingaya nini kwi-ER (iGumbi loNgxamiseko)?

Ukuba inxeba linzulu, ukuba ukopha akuyeki, okanye ukuba inxeba lisebusweni okanye entanyeni, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka ngokukhawuleza.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha?

• Yeyiphi indlela engcono yokucoca inxeba?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndigonywe kuba ndibe sesichengeni sokufumana irabies?
• Injani ishedyuli yam yokugonywa?
• Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba kufuneka ndifumane isitofu ngenye imini?
• Ngaba ndisengozini enkulu yokuba sesichengeni sokufumana isifo serabies?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndiye kwishedyuli yokuthintela ukusuleleka (i-PREP)?

Ngaba zonke izinja zinesifo serabies?

I-Rabies ixhaphakile ezinjeni kwiindawo ezisaphuhlayo zaseAsia naseAfrika. Nangona kunjalo, kumazwe aphuhlileyo afana ne-United States, iKhanada, kunye neNtshona Yurophu, i-rabies ayifumaneki rhoqo ezinjeni zasekhaya. Kwilizwe lethu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba silumkele izinja ezilahlekileyo kunye nezinja ezingagonywanga ngokufanelekileyo.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Rabies sisifo esibi kakhulu, esihlala sibulala. Kodwa, ngethamsanqa, sinokuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo ukuba sinyangwa ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba ucinga ukuba ulunywe sisilwanyana kwaye ukhe wachaphazeleka yi-rabies , ungathandabuzi ukubona ugqirha ngoko nangoko. Kuya kukunceda usindise ubomi bakho. Ungalibali ukugoma izilwanyana zakho zasekhaya ngexesha.