Ingakanani igazi elisemzimbeni wakho? Masifunde ngovavanyo lweBlood Volume ngendlela elula!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba lingakanani igazi onalo emzimbeni wakho? Oku akuyonto nje yokwazi, ngamanye amaxesha kunokukuxelela ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nempilo yakho. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-"Blood Volume Test", uvavanyo olulinganisa ubungakanani begazi. Olu ngokwenene "luvavanyo lweMithi yeNyukliya", oko kuthetha ukuba lusebenzisa inani elincinci lezinto ezinemisebe ukujonga ukusebenza komzimba. Ungakhathazeki, oku kukhuselekile kakhulu. Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha, kulungile?

Ithetha ukuthini ngokwenene igazi?

Nangona sithi "igazi," kukho zonke iintlobo zezinto ngaphakathi kulo. Ukuchaneka, nazi ezi:

• Iplasma: Le yinxalenye yolwelo egazini. Ungamangaliswa kukuba ingaphezulu kwe-90% yamanzi!
• Iiplatelets: Ezi ziiseli ezincinci ezinceda ekuqhekekeni kwegazi. Zibaluleke kakhulu ekumiseni ukopha xa wenzakele.
• Iiseli zegazi ezibomvu: Ezi zifana neebhola ezingqukuva. Ezi zezona zithwala ioksijini ukuya kwizicwili zomzimba wonke.
• Iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe: Ezi zifana noonogada bomzimba. Zizo ezisikhusela kwiintsholongwane kunye nezifo.

Ubusazi na ukuba nangona ezi platelets kunye neeseli ezimhlophe zegazi zibaluleke kakhulu, zenza ngaphantsi kwe-1% yomthamo wegazi wethu uwonke. "Uvavanyo lweBlood Volume" ikakhulu lulinganisa ubungakanani beplasma kunye neeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Yiyo loo nto ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi "Plasma Volume Test" okanye "Red Cell Mass Test".

Ubungakanani begazi emzimbeni wethu bulawulwa njani?

Le yindlela emangalisayo kakhulu. Umzimba wethu uhlala usenza kwaye utshabalalisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Umongo wethu wenza iiseli ezibomvu zegazi , kwaye isibindi sethu siyazonakalisa. Kodwa le nkqubo icotha kancinci. Khawucinge nje, ukuba ulahlekelwa ligazi elininzi ngenxa yokugula, ingozi, okanye ukwenzakala, kungathatha iintsuku, mhlawumbi iinyanga, ukwenza iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezintsha.

Kodwa ukulawula i-plasma kukhawuleza kakhulu. Kuba i-plasma ikakhulu ngamanzi. Umzimba ufumana ulwelo lwawo emanzini esiwaselayo nasekutyeni esikutyayo. Ulwelo lukwalahleka ngomchamo, indle, ukubila, nokuphefumla. Xa usempilweni, izintso zakho zigcina olu lwelo lulungelelene.

Zeziphi izinto ezichaphazela umthamo wegazi? Kufuneka libe lingakanani ngokwesiqhelo?

Umzimba womntu omdala udla ngokuba neelitha ezi-5 zegazi. Nangona kunjalo, eli nani linokwahluka ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Ngamanye amaxesha inani legazi linokuba lininzi kakhulu (i-Hypervolemia) okanye libe lincinci kakhulu (i-Hypovolemia).

Ukwanda komthamo wegazi (i-Hypervolemia)

Ezinye zezinto ezinokubangela le meko zezi:

• Ezinye iingxaki zentliziyo (Ukusilela kwentliziyo okubangelwa kukunganyamezelani)
• Ukutya ityuwa eninzi (i-sodium)
• Iingxaki zezintso, umzekelo, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso kunye nesifo se-nephrotic syndrome
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwesibindi

Xa umthamo wegazi unyuka (i-Hypervolemia), iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ukudumba kwesisu kunye nokungakhululeki (ii-Ascites)
• Ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo edibeneyo
• Igazi elonyukayo
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla ngenxa yolwelo oluzalisa imiphunga
• Ukudumba (Ukudumba) – Imilenze, amaqatha, izihlathi , okanye ubuso buyadumba rhoqo.

Ukwehla komthamo wegazi (i-Hypovolemia)

Kukho izizathu ezibini eziphambili zokuba igazi liphantsi:

• Ukopha (ukwenzakala, utyando, ukopha ngaphakathi)
• Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni – Oku kuthetha ukungabi namanzi aneleyo emzimbeni.

Ukuba umthamo wegazi lakho wehla ngequbuliso kakhulu, ungangena kwimeko eyingozi ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Hypovolemic Shock." Oku kuxa umzimba wethu wenza oku kulandelayo ukuze ubuyisele ukuhamba kwegazi okunciphileyo emzimbeni:

• Yehlisa uxinzelelo lwegazi.
• Iyanyusa izinga lokubetha kwentliziyo.
• Iyandisa izinga lokuphefumla.

Ukuba umthamo wegazi uyaqhubeka nokwehla, umonakalo ongenakulungiseka unokwenzeka kwizitho zethu zangaphakathi nasebuchotsheni. Ngoko ke oku akuyonto ihlekisayo!

Ngaba kukho ulwalamano phakathi komthamo wegazi kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi?

Ngokuqinisekileyo ikhona! Uxinzelelo olungaphakathi kwimithambo yegazi yethu yilo olubangela ukuba igazi lihambe liye kuzo zonke izicwili kunye neeseli emzimbeni. Xa umthamo wegazi wehla, noxinzelelo lwegazi luyahla. Emva koko umzimba uzama ukubuyisela ukuhamba kwegazi ngokubangela ukuba imithambo yegazi inciphe. Kodwa ukuba ukulahleka kwegazi kukhulu (i-Severe Hypovolemia), umzimba awukwazi ukuyilawula.

Ngokufanayo, xa umthamo wegazi unyuka, wolula imithambo yegazi yethu (imithambo yegazi kunye nemithambo yegazi), nto leyo enyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi. I-Hypervolemia idla ngokuvela xa umzimba ungakwazi ukulawula ubungakanani bolwelo ngenxa yokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso okanye kwesibindi.

Kufuneka kwenziwe nini oku (uVavanyo loMthamo wegazi)?

Oogqirha basebenzisa olu vavanyo, ingakumbi kwizigulana ezikwiiyunithi zokhathalelo olungxamisekileyo . Umzekelo:

• Abantu abalahlekelwe ligazi elininzi
• Abantu abaphelelwe ngamanzi emzimbeni
• Abantu abanesifo sentliziyo
• Abantu abanengxaki yezintso okanye yesibindi
• Abantu abatshiswe kakhulu
• Abantu bathukile

Ukongeza koku, kukho nezinye izihlandlo apho oogqirha basebenzisa olu vavanyo.

• Vavanya ukuba awunayo na i-anemia.
• Fumana unobangela wokuquleka rhoqo (i-syncope).
• Hlola uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye ne-orthostatic hypotension.
• Njengovavanyo "lokuHlola ngaphambi kotyando" ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe utyando.

Olu vavanyo lwenziwa phi?

Oku kungenziwa ngelixa usesibhedlele, okanye kungenziwa "kwiSebe lezonyango leNyukliya" lesibhedlele.

Isebenza njani le (Blood Volume Test)? Ingaba inzima kakhulu?

Hayi, ayinzima kangako. Kalula nje, ihamba ngolu hlobo:

Ukuze kulinganiswe ubungakanani begazi emzimbeni wakho, kufakwa isixa esithile se-radioactive iodine tracer emthanjeni wakho. Ii-tracer ezifana nezi zivumela oogqirha ukuba bajonge imisebenzi ethile yomzimba.

Emva kokuba le ``(Tracer)`` ixutywe kakuhle negazi lakho, ugqirha uthatha isampuli yegazi kuwe aze alinganise i-radioactivity ekuyo.

Umthamo wegazi lakho ubalwa kusetyenziswa i-equation elula yezibalo efana nale: `C1V1 = C2V2`.

Ithetha ukuba:

• I-`C1` yingxinano ye-radioactivity kwi-`(Tracer)` efakwe kwi-injection.
• I-`V1` yivolumu ye-`(Tracer)` efakwe kuyo.
• I-'C2' yingxinano ye-radioactivity egazini lakho emva kokuba i-'(Tracer)' ixutywe kakuhle negazi lakho.
• I-`V2` sisixa segazi emzimbeni wakho (esizama ukuyifumana).

Khawucinge nje, xa sinika umzimba isixa esaziwayo seyeza, sibala umthamo wegazi lilonke ngokujonga ukuba lixutywa kangakanani negazi lize linyibilike.

Kodwa ukuze wazi ukuba ubungakanani begazi obulinganiswa ngale ndlela buqhelekile, buphezulu, okanye buphantsi kuwe, kufuneka uthelekise nobungakanani begazi lakho eliqhelekileyo. Ubungakanani begazi lomntu ngamnye buhlukile. Ubungakanani begazi lakho eliqhelekileyo bubalwa ngokusekelwe kubude bakho, ubunzima, kunye nesini.

Ufanele uzilungiselele njani ngaphambi kovavanyo?

Ugqirha wakho uza kukucebisa ngale nto. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kungcono ungatyi okanye ungaseli nto kangangeeyure ezimbalwa ngaphambi kovavanyo.

Ngomhla wovavanyo, kufuneka uphephe ukusela iziselo ezine-caffeine (ezifana nekofu neti). I-caffeine iyi-diuretic, oko kuthetha ukuba inyusa umchamo kwaye isusa ulwelo emzimbeni. Amanye amayeza akwanayo ne-caffeine. Ke ngoko, licebo elihle ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga namayeza owasebenzisayo ngaphambi kovavanyo kwaye ubuze ukuba kufuneka atshintshwe na, ukuba kuyimfuneko.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphambi kovavanyo?

Ingcali iza kulinganisa ubude nobunzima bakho. Emva koko, umgca we-intravenous (IV) uza kufakwa emthanjeni engalweni yakho, esihlahleni, okanye emqolo. Esi sisixhobo esifana ne-cannula.

Kwenzeka ntoni xa ubhala uvavanyo?

Ezi zinto zilandelayo zenzeka ngexesha lovavanyo:

• Uza kulaliswa etafileni yovavanyo.
• Ingcali ifaka i-radioactive tracer ebizwa ngokuba yi-Iodine-131 Human Serum Albumin (HSA) kumgca we-IV.
• Emva koko kuya kufuneka ulinde malunga nemizuzu eli-12 ukuze i-`(Tracer)` ixubane kakuhle negazi.
• Emva koko, kuthathwa iisampuli zegazi ezininzi, malunga nemizuzu emithandathu, zize zithunyelwe kwilebhu.
• Uvavanyo lonke aludli ngokuthatha ngaphezu kwemizuzu engama-90.

Emva kovavanyo?

Ingcali iza kukhupha i-IV, uze emva koko ugoduke. Enye ye-radioactive tracer iza kukhutshwa kumchamo wakho, kwaye enye iza kuqhekeka ngokwemvelo emzimbeni wakho.Ufanele usele amanzi amaninzi emva kovavanyo, nto leyo eya kunceda i-tracer iphume emzimbeni wakho ngokukhawuleza.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingozi koku?

• Akuyonto ilungileyo ukwenza olu vavanyo ukuba ukhulelwe okanye uncancisa. Ngenxa yoko, ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukwenza uvavanyo lokukhulelwa ngaphambi kovavanyo.
• Kukho ithuba elincinci lokuba kubekho i-allergy. Ufanele uxelele ugqirha wakho ukuba unayo nayiphi na i-allergy kwi-iodine, i-shellfish, okanye amaqanda. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na i-allergy, ugqirha wakho unokukwazi ukutshintsha uvavanyo ukuze aphephe i-allergy.
• I-iodine ene-radioactive ``(Tracer)`` inokonakalisa i-thyroid gland yakho. Ukuthintela oku, ugqirha uza kukunika ipilisi ye-iodine ngaphambi kovavanyo. Nje ukuba i-thyroid gland yakho ifunxe i-iodine, ayisayi kuyifunxa i-radioactive iodine.

Zithini iziphumo? Wenza ntoni ngazo?

Iziphumo zovavanyo ziya kubonisa ukuba ingaba igazi lakho liqhelekile, liphantsi, okanye liphezulu na. Ugqirha wakho angasebenzisa olu lwazi ukuvavanya imeko yakho aze agqibe ukuba loluphi unyango olufunekayo.

Ngamafutshane, "Uvavanyo Lomthamo Wegazi" lulinganisa ukuba ubungakanani begazi emzimbeni wakho buqhelekile okanye akunjalo. Utshintsho kumthamo wegazi lunxulunyaniswa nezifo ezininzi, kwaye lunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu. Olu vavanyo ludla ngokwenziwa kwizigulana ezikwiiyunithi zokhathalelo oluphezulu. Lunokubanceda ukuba babuyisele amanqanaba abo olwelo esiqhelweni, kwaye lubancede baphile ngokukhawuleza.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

• Uvavanyo lwe-"Blood Volume" luvavanyo olulinganisa inani elipheleleyo legazi emzimbeni wakho.
• Oku ikakhulu kujonga ubungakanani beplasma kunye neeseli ezibomvu zegazi.
• Ukwanda komthamo wegazi (i-Hypervolemia) kunye nokwehla komthamo wegazi (i-Hypovolemia) kunokubangela iingxaki zempilo.
• Oogqirha basebenzisa olu vavanyo ukuxilonga iimeko ezahlukeneyo zonyango kunye nokucwangcisa unyango, ingakumbi kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo.
• Nangona uvavanyo lusebenzisa inani elincinci lezinto ezinemisebe (iRadioactive Tracer), lukhuselekile. Nangona kunjalo, alufanelekanga koomama abakhulelweyo nabancancisayo.
• Ukuba une-allergies, ungalibali ukuxelela ugqirha kwangaphambili.

Ngoko ke, ezi zezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzazi malunga `(Uvavanyo Lomthamo Wegazi)`. Ukuba uneminye imibuzo malunga noku, ungoyiki ukubuza ugqirha wakho, kulungile?

Umthamo wegazi, Umthamo wegazi, Uvavanyo lomthamo wegazi, i-Hypervolemia, i-Hypovolemia, i-Plasma, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, Uvavanyo lwempilo