Uthini umbono wakho? Makhe sithethe ngawo ngokweenkcukacha!

Ulibona njani ihlabathi? Uzibona njani izinto ezikungqongileyo, abantu, imibala emihle, konke oku? Isizathu esiphambili sale nto yinkqubo emangalisayo eyenziwa ngamehlo ethu axabisekileyo kunye nengqondo kunye, ebizwa ngokuba yi "Vision" . Le yinto enzima kakhulu kwaye ibaluleke ngaphezu kokubona nje. Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngalo mbono ngendlela elula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni umbono? Ngamafutshane...

Ngamafutshane, umbono yinkqubo apho amehlo akho nengqondo yakho zisebenzisana ukwenza umfanekiso kusetyenziswa ukukhanya okubonakaliswa zizinto ezikungqongileyo. Yenye yeemvakalelo zethu ezintlanu eziphambili. Uninzi lwabantu luyayiqonda ihlabathi ngokubona. Khawuthelekelele indlela ubomi bethu obungayi kuba ngcono ngayo ngaphandle kwawo!

Amehlo ethu asebenza njani? Indlela emangalisayo!

Inkqubo yokubona iqala xa amehlo akho ebona ukukhanya aze akuguqule kube ziimpawu zemithambo-luvo. Ezi mpawu emva koko zihamba ngemithambo-luvo yakho ukuya engqondweni yakho. Ingqondo ifumana ezi mpawu, izitolike, ize yenze umfanekiso owubonayo. Oku kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, amaxesha amaninzi ngomzuzwana.

Ngaba amehlo afana nekhamera?

Ewe, sihlala sithelekisa amehlo ethu neekhamera. Kodwa enyanisweni, yinto eyahlukileyo. Ikhamera yitekhnoloji eyenziwe ngokweliso lomntu. Khawuthelekelele, ikhamera inelensi. Yile nto iqokelela ukukhanya ize ikuqondise kwisensa ekhethekileyo ngaphakathi kwekhamera. Loo sensa iguqula ukukhanya kube ziimpawu zombane. Emva koko, ikhompyutha encinci ngaphakathi kwekhamera isebenza imiqondiso ibe ngumfanekiso. Ungayilungisa ingqwalasela yekhamera, ulawule ukuba kungakanani ukukhanya okuvunyelweyo. Amehlo akho nawo aneelensi . Ezi ziqokelela ukukhanya kwaye zikukhokelele kwiretina engaphakathi kweliso. Le retina ifana nesensa ekwelo khamera, kodwa iphucuke kakhulu kwaye iyinkimbinkimbi. Ukukhanya okuwela kwiretina kuguqulwa kube ziimpawu zemithambo-luvo kwaye kuthunyelwe engqondweni. Amandla akhethekileyo ezo khamera, oko kukuthi 'ukugxila' kunye nokulawula ukukhanya, konke kwenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo ngamehlo akho. Isangqa esimnyama elisweni lakho ( umfundi ) siyakhula okanye sinciphe ukulawula ubungakanani bokukhanya okungena elisweni. Kwakhona, izihlunu ezingaphakathi kweliso zitshintsha imo yelensi, zidala 'ukugxila' ukuze ukwazi ukubona izinto ngokucacileyo kumgama owahlukileyo.

Yintoni i-retina? Kwenzeka ntoni apho?

I-retina yakho luhlobo lweseli olukhethekileyo kakhulu nolunobuthathaka kakhulu. Sizibiza ngokuba zii-photoreceptors , oko kuthetha "iiseli ezifumana ukukhanya." Xa ukukhanya kuwela kwezi seli, iikhemikhali kunye neempendulo zombane zenzeka ngaphakathi kuzo. Yile ndlela ezi seli ezifaka ngayo ukukhanya kwiisignali zemithambo-luvo. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-photoreceptors:

• Iiseli zeRod (`IiRod`):Ezi ziseli zibona kakhulu utshintsho kubunzulu bokukhanya. Ezi seli zezona zikunceda ubone izinto kwiindawo ezimnyama nakwindawo ekhanyayo.
• Iikhowuni: Ezi seli zinobuthathaka ngakumbi. Ziyakwazi ukubona iinkcukacha ezincinci kwaye zahlule imibala eyahlukeneyo.

Emva kokuba olu kukhanya luguqulwe lwaba ziimpawu zemithambo-luvo, i-retina ithumela ezo mpawu kwimithambo-luvo yakho yamehlo.

Indima Yee-Optic Nevers

Iimithambo-luvo zakho ze-optic zifana neentambo zedatha. Zithwala imiqondiso esuka kwi-retina ukuya kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho. Ezi miqondiso zihamba ngemithambo-luvo ze-optic kwaye zifikelela kwiindawo zobuchopho ezinoxanduva lokuchaza nokuqonda imiqondiso.

Isigqibo sokugqibela senziwa yingqondo!

Inyathelo lokugqibela nelibaluleke kakhulu lenzeka ngaphakathi kwengqondo yakho. Ingqondo ifumana imiqondiso efihliweyo evela kwimithambo-luvo, iziguqule, ize isebenzise olo lwazi ukwakha "umfanekiso" wento ebonwa liliso ngalinye.

Khawuthelekelele, xa ufunda esi sivakalisi, iindawo zengqondo yakho ezikunceda uqonde ulwimi kwaye ukhumbule iinkumbulo nazo ziyabandakanyeka. Yileyo ndlela onokuwaqonda ngayo la magama, ukhumbule intsingiselo yawo, kwaye ukhumbule iinkumbulo ezinxulumene nawo.

Oko kuthetha ukuba, kuxhomekeke kwinto oyibonayo, iindawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho ziyasebenzisana ukuze ziqonde ngokupheleleyo loo mfanekiso.

Zeziphi izifo ezinokuchaphazela umbono?

Ngenxa yokuba umbono ubandakanya iindawo ezininzi kunye nezakhiwo zomzimba ezisebenzisanayo, izifo ezahlukeneyo zinokuphazamisa le nkqubo. Ezinye iimeko zinokuchaphazela iindawo ezingaphezu kwesinye zenkqubo yokubona. Nazi ezinye zezifo ezinokuchaphazela umbono:

• Izifo zamehlo: Umzekelo, i-cataracts kunye ne -glaucoma .
• Izifo ezinxulumene ne-retina kunye ne-optic nerves: Iimeko ezifana ne -diabetesic retinopathy.
• Izifo ezinxulumene nobuchopho: Ezinye iintlobo zestroke okanye iithumba zobuchopho zinokuchaphazela umbono.

Ngaba kukho umahluko phakathi "kokubona" ​​kunye "nokukubona"?

Abantu abaninzi, iingcali, kwanezazinzulu, basebenzisa amagama athi "umbono" kunye "nokubona" ​​ngokutshintshana. Kodwa azifani ngokuyimfuneko. Ungasebenzisa ubuchule bakho bokubona nokuba awukwazi ukubona into ethile (umzekelo, ngokwenza imifanekiso engqondweni yakho). Kwakhona, kukho ezinye iimeko zengqondo ezichaphazela ubuchule bengqondo yakho bokutolika oko ukubonayo ngamehlo akho. Ukuchaza oku ngakumbi: Ukubona kubuchule nje bomzimba. Oko kukuthi, amehlo akho akubona ukukhanya, akuguqule kube ziimpawu zombane nezekhemikhali, aze azithumele engqondweni yakho. Ukubona kufuna ubuchule bokutolika iimpawu ezivela emehlweni akho. Ngaphandle kokuqonda oko, iimpawu ezithunyelwa ngamehlo akho engqondweni yakho azinamsebenzi. Nangona kunokubonakala kungaqhelekanga ukucinga ngezi zimbini njengezahlukeneyo, kukho iimeko zengqondo ezichaphazela umbono ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukubona. Umzekelo yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi -Visual Agnosia . Abantu abanale meko banokubona kakuhle, kodwa iingqondo zabo azikwazi ukuqonda oko bakubonayo rhoqo. Omnye umzekelo ocacileyo woku kukungakwazi ukubona ubuso (`Prosopagnosia` okanye 'Ubuso Bokungaboni`) . Nangona aba bantu bebona ubuso, abakwazi ukubona ukuba bangoobani. Le yimeko embi kakhulu, akunjalo?

Singazikhusela njani amehlo ethu axabisekileyo? Qiniseka ukuba uyazenza ezi zinto!

Zininzi izinto onokuzenza ukugcina nokukhusela umbono wakho. Ezinye zezona zibalulekileyo zezi:

• Ukubaluleka kokuhlolwa kwamehlo rhoqo: Wonke umntu, kwanabo banombono oqhelekileyo (`20/20 vision`), kufuneka bahlolwe amehlo abo rhoqo. Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo kunokubona iingxaki onokuthi ungazazi okanye ungaziboni. Iimpazamo zokujongwa kwakhona , ezifana nokubona okukufutshane (`Myopia`) okanye ukubona okukude (`Hyperopia`), zinokubangela ukulahleka kokubona. Usenokungaziboni ekuqaleni. Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo kunokubona ezi ngxaki ngaphambi kokuba uzibone.

• Kubalulekile ukukhusela amehlo akho: Kubalulekile ukukhusela amehlo akho kwiimeko apho kukho umngcipheko wokonakala. Iiglasi zokhuseleko okanye iiglasi , iimaski zobuso okanye izikhuselo zinokunceda koku. Iiglasi zelanga nazo ziyindlela elungileyo yokukhusela amehlo akho. Zikhusela amehlo akho kwimitha ye-UV eyingozi.

• Kwakhona cinga ngesondlo: Ukuze amehlo akho asebenze kakuhle, nceda ufumane iivithamini ezithileIintlobo kunye nezondlo ziyafuneka. Ukuba unemibuzo malunga noku, ungaqhagamshelana nogqirha wakho wosapho okanye ingcali yamehlo.

• Ungalibali ukwenza umthambo: Impilo yamehlo akho inxulumene nempilo yomzimba wakho wonke. Ukwenza umthambo rhoqo kunokunceda ukugcina amehlo akho (kunye nawo wonke umzimba wakho) esempilweni.

• Kuphephe ukutshaya nokusebenzisa icuba: Ukutshaya, ukuvasa, kunye nokuhlafuna icuba kunokuba nefuthe elibi kwimpilo yakho nakumbono wakho. Ukuyeka ukusebenzisa icuba (okanye ukungaliqalisi) kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu.

• Ukuba ubona utshintsho olukhawulezileyo embonweni wakho, njengokulahlekelwa ngumbono, funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza! Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zokuqala zengxaki enkulu. Ukulahlekelwa lumbono ngequbuliso, okungalindelekanga sisizathu sokufuna uncedo lwezonyango. Ukuba unesifo esinokubangela ukulahlekelwa lumbono ngequbuliso okanye utshintsho, ugqirha wakho okanye ingcali yamehlo iya kukuxelela ukuba kufuneka ufune uncedo lwezonyango nini.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Kubantu abaninzi, ukubona yeyona nto ibalulekileyo abayisebenzisayo yonke imihla. Nangona kunokubonakala ngathi sisakhono esilula, eneneni yenye yezona nkqubo zinzima emzimbeni wakho. Ukuze umbono wakho usebenze kakuhle, zonke iindawo zamehlo akho, i-retina, imithambo-luvo yamehlo, kunye nengqondo, zonke kufuneka zisebenzisane ngokufanelekileyo.

Zininzi izinto onokuzenza ukuze ukhusele amehlo akho axabisekileyo. Emva koko unokugxila kwizinto ofuna ukuzibona, endaweni yokuxhalabela into ongenakuyibona. Ngoko ke, ungalibali ukukhathalela amehlo akho kakuhle!

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Umbono , Amehlo, I-Retina, I-Optic Nerve, Impilo Yamehlo