Imfihlo engasemva kokubetha kwentliziyo yakho: Masifunde ngeNkqubo yokuHanjiswa kwentliziyo.

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba intliziyo yakho ibetha njani rhoqo, ngokuchanekileyo? Kufana nezandla zewotshi ezibetha, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, yonke imihla, kangangeminyaka... Oku akuyonto imbi nje. Kukho inkqubo yombane emangalisayo ngaphakathi entliziyweni yethu. Yiyo loo nto siyibiza ngokuba yiCardiac Conduction System. Oku kufana 'nenkqubo yocingo lombane' encinci entliziyweni ngokwayo. Masithethe ngale nkqubo imangalisayo ngamazwi alula namhlanje.

Yintoni inkqubo yokuqhuba intliziyo?

Ngamafutshane, inkqubo yokuhambisa intliziyo yakho yinethiwekhi yeeseli ezikhethekileyo, amaqhuqhuva, kunye nemiqondiso yombane. Zonke ezi zinto zisebenza kunye ukugcina intliziyo yakho ibetha. Njengokuba indlu ifuna inkqubo yocingo ukuze ikhanyise izibane, intliziyo yakho ayinakuphila ngaphandle kwayo.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeeseli ezilawula ukubetha kwentliziyo yethu:

• Iiseli eziqhubayo: Ezi zezona zithwala imiqondiso yombane. Zifana nezithunywa ezincinci.
• Iiseli zemisipha: Ezi zezona zilawula ukushwabana kwentliziyo. Oko kukuthi, 'iipompo' zentliziyo.

Ezi zimpawu zombane zixelela intliziyo ukuba ipompe nini kwaye njani igazi emzimbeni wonke. Cinga ngayo njengomlawuli wethrafikhi, egcina intliziyo isebenza ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

Isebenza njani le nkqubo?

Inkqubo yokuhambisa intliziyo yakho yiyo enika uphawu lokuqalisa ukubetha kwentliziyo. Ikwaxelela iindawo ezahlukeneyo zentliziyo ukuba ziqine nini kwaye ziphumle nini. Le nkqubo yokunciphisa nokuphumla yiyo elawula ukuhamba kwegazi entliziyweni nasemzimbeni wonke.

Ngokwesiqhelo, le nkqubo yokuhambisa umbane igcina isantya sentliziyo esizinzileyo nesilinganayo . Ikwanceda ekukhawuleziseni isantya sentliziyo yakho xa ufuna igazi neoksijini engaphezulu (umzekelo, xa uzilolonga) kwaye inciphise isantya sentliziyo yakho xa uphumle.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lokubetha kwentliziyo, inyathelo ngenyathelo

Ngentliziyo nganye, imiqondiso yombane ihamba kwindlela yokuhambisa intliziyo. Oku kufana nendlela umbane ohamba ngayo ngeengcingo kwisixhobo sasekhaya. Iqala ngokukhutshwa kwesignali yokuvuselela kwinxalenye yentliziyo yakho ebizwa ngokuba yi-sinoatrial (SA) node .

Olu phawu lokukhuthaza luhamba ngolu hlobo:

1. I-Atria (amagumbi aphezulu entliziyo): Olu phawu luqala luye kwi-atria. I-atria emva koko iyancipha.

2. I-Atrioventricular (AV) node: Okulandelayo, isignali iya kwi-AV node. Apha, isignali iyalibaziseka kancinci. Isizathu soku kukunika lonke igazi ngexesha le-atria ukuze lihambe liye kumagumbi asezantsi entliziyo.

3. I-Bundle of His: Emva kwe-AV node, isignali ihamba ngale bundle of His ukuya kwi-Purkinje fibers.

4. Iiseli (iiVentricles - amagumbi asezantsi entliziyo) ngemicu yePurkinje:Xa iiseli ekugqibeleni zifumana olu phawu, ziyafinyela. Kulapho ke igazi likhutshwa khona entliziyweni nasemzimbeni wonke.

Xa la manyathelo edibana, kukuzinza okupheleleyo kwemisipha yentliziyo. Inkqubo yombane yentliziyo yakho ithumela amawaka ezi miqondiso ngosuku, igcina intliziyo yakho ibetha ngaphandle kokuma. Ayimangalisi loo nto?

Ziziphi iindawo eziphambili zenkqubo yokuhambisa intliziyo?

Kukho iiseli kunye namaqhuqhuva ahlukeneyo kwinkqubo yokuhambisa intliziyo yakho alawula ukubetha kwentliziyo yakho. Nazi:

• I-Sinoatrial node (i-SA node)
• Atrioventricular node (AV node)
• Iphakheji Yakhe (iphakheji ye-atrioventricular)
• Iifayibha zePurkinje

Ngoku makhe sijonge nganye kwezi ndawo ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe.

I-Sinoatrial node (i-Sinoatrial-SA node)

I-sinoatrial node yakho (i-SA node) yi-pacemaker yendalo yentliziyo. Ifana 'nomphathi' wentliziyo. Yiyo ethumela iimpulselelo zombane eziqala ukubetha kwentliziyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba i-SA node ayisebenzi kakuhle, iindawo ezisezantsi zenkqubo yokuhambisa umoya zisebenza njengeeseli ze-pacemaker ezincedisayo.

I-SA node ikwinxalenye ephezulu ye-atrium yasekunene yentliziyo. Ngokukodwa, kufutshane nalapho i-vena cava ephezulu, umthambo omkhulu othwala igazi elingenaoksijini ukusuka emzimbeni wakho ukuya entliziyweni, udibana ne-atrium.

Inkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo ezimeleyo ilawula ukuba i-SA node ithumela ngokukhawuleza okanye kancinci kangakanani imiqondiso yombane. Le nxalenye yenkqubo yemithambo-luvo ikhupha iihomoni ezilawula isantya sentliziyo yakho ngokusekelwe kwinto oyenzayo. Umzekelo, isantya sentliziyo yakho siyanda xa uzilolonga kwaye siyancipha xa ulele.

Inkqubo ye-nervous autonomic ineenxalenye ezimbini eziphambili:

• Inkqubo yemithambo-luvo enovelwano: Oku kunxulunyaniswa 'nokuphendula ngokulwa okanye ngokubhabha'. Ivuselela i-SA node, inyusa izinga lokubetha kwentliziyo.
• Inkqubo ye-parasympathetic nervous: Oku kunxulunyaniswa 'nokuphendula kokuphumla nokugaya'. Kunciphisa isantya se-SA node kwaye kunciphise isantya sentliziyo.

Atrioventricular node (AV node)

I-atrioventricular node yakho (AV node) ikufutshane nombindi wentliziyo yakho. Ikwenza oku ngokulibazisa isignali yombane evela kwi-SA node ixesha elithile (isiqingatha somzuzwana) ngalo lonke ixesha.

Olu libaziseko lubaluleke kakhulu kuba luqinisekisa ukuba lonke igazi elikwiigumbi eziphezulu zentliziyo (i-atria) lidlulele kwiigumbi ezisezantsi (imithambo yegazi) ngaphambi kokuba ziyeke ukushwabana.

I-atria yiyo efumana igazi emzimbeni ize ilithumele kwiiseli.

Iphakheji Yakhe (iphakheji ye-atrioventricular)

I-bundle ye-His yi-bundle yee-fibers (ii-nerve cells) ezivela kwi-AV node. Le bundle yee-fibers ifumana isignali yombane evela kwi-AV node ize iyithwale iye kwi-Purkinje fibers.

Inqwaba yeenwele ihamba eludongeni (septum) eyahlula ii-ventricles zakho zasekunene nezasekhohlo. Le nqwaba yeenwele inamasebe amabini aphambili:

• Isebe le-bundle lasekhohlo: Oku kuthumela imiqondiso yombane kwi-ventricle yasekhohlo ngeefayibha zePurkinje.
• Isebe lebhanti lasekunene: Oku kuthumela imiqondiso yombane kwi-ventricle yasekunene ngeefayibha zePurkinje.

Iifayibha zePurkinje

Iifayibha zePurkinje zinethiwekhi yeeseli zemithambo-luvo ezikhethekileyo ezithumela ngokukhawuleza imiqondiso yombane kwiigumbi zasekunene nezasekhohlo zentliziyo yakho. Iifayibha zePurkinje zifumaneka kwiindonga zeeventricle zakho, umaleko wangaphakathi wezicubu ojikeleze amagumbi entliziyo yakho.

Xa iifayibha zePurkinje zithumela imiqondiso yombane kwiiseli zakho, iiseli ziyancipha. Igazi emva koko liphuma kwi-ventricle yasekunene liye kwimithambo yemiphunga kwaye lisuka kwi-ventricle yasekhohlo liye kwi-aorta. Imithambo yemiphunga ithwala igazi liye emiphungeni ukuze ithathe ioksijini. I-aorta yeyona mithambo mikhulu emzimbeni wakho, kwaye ithwala igazi lisuka entliziyweni liye emzimbeni wakho wonke.

Zijongeka njani ezi ndawo?

Ezi zizinto ezincinci ngokwenene. Umzekelo, i-node ethi `SA` imalunga neemilimitha ezili-15 ubude (malunga nobukhulu be-stapler pin) kwaye imalunga neemilimitha ezi-4 ububanzi. I-node ethi `AV` imalunga neemilimitha ezi-5 ubude nobubanzi (malunga nencam yeswitshi yokukhanyisa). I-bundle ye-His, amasebe ayo, kunye neefayibha ze-Purkinje xa zidibene kuthiwa zifana nomthi ojonge phantsi. I-bundle ye-His kunye namasebe ayo ifana nesiqu somthi, kwaye iifayibha ze-Purkinje zifana namasebe omthi.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokuvela kule nkqubo?

Iimeko ezahlukeneyo zempilo zinokuchaphazela inkqubo yombane yentliziyo yakho. Iingxaki ngenkqubo yokuhambisa umoya entliziyweni zingabangela iingxaki zesingqisho sentliziyo .

Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo zesingqisho sentliziyo:

Nazi ezinye zeemeko eziqhelekileyo:

• I-Arrhythmia: Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungahambelaniyo. Oku kuquka imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-atrial fibrillation (Afib).
• I-Bundle branch block: Ukuvaleka kwee-Purkinje fibers kwelinye icala lentliziyo. Oku kunokubangela i-arrhythmia.
• Ukuvimba kwentliziyo: Ukudluliselwa kwesignali yombane okungasebenzi kakuhle phakathi kwe-atria kunye nee-ventricles zentliziyo.
• I-Long QT syndrome (LQTS): Intliziyo ithatha ixesha elide ukushwabana ize ibuyele esiqhelweni. Oku ngamanye amaxesha kunokubangela i-syncope okanye ukunqamka kwentliziyo.
• Ukuqunjelwa kwemithambo yegazi ngaphambi kwexesha: Imeko apho intliziyo ibetha kwangethuba kakhulu. Oku kunokubangela i-palpitations okanye ukuziva ngathi "ukubetha kwentliziyo akukhange kuphumelele."
• Ukuma kwentliziyo: Ukuma kwentliziyo ngequbuliso okubangelwa kukubetha kwentliziyo okungahambelaniyo kakuhle. Oku kunokuba yingozi ukuba akunyangeki ngokukhawuleza. Le yimeko eyingozi kakhulu.

Zithini iimpawu zengxaki?

Ukuba kukho ingxaki kwinkqubo yakho yokuhambisa umoya entliziyweni, unokufumana iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla
• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo okanye okungahambelaniyo (i-palpitations)
• Isiyezi
• Isiyezi
• Umsebenzi onzima

Ukuba uneempawu ezinje, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Ugqirha angenza i-electrocardiogram (EKG) ukujonga isigqi sentliziyo yakho. Ukuba bafuna ukujonga ngakumbi ukusebenza kombane kwentliziyo yakho, banokukucela ukuba unxibe isixhobo sokujonga intliziyo kangangeentsuku okanye iiveki ezimbalwa. Uphononongo lwe-electrophysiology lunokubonelela ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nenkqubo yokuhambisa intliziyo yakho.

Iingxaki ngenkqubo yombane yentliziyo zinokunyangwa ngamayeza kunye nonyango olufana nokufakelwa kwesixhobo sokuncedisa umgudu wokuphefumula .

Ndingayigcina njani inkqubo yokuhambisa intliziyo yam isempilweni?

Asinakutshintsha izinto ezibangela iingxaki ezininzi zesingqisho sentliziyo. Nangona kunjalo, unokunceda ukugcina intliziyo yakho iphilile ngokulandela imikhwa enempilo . Nazi ezinye zezinto onokuzenza:

• Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni obukufaneleyo.
• Yeka ukusebenzisa iimveliso zecuba kwaye uphephe umsi osetyenziswa ngabanye abantu.
• Sela amayeza kanye njengoko ugqirha ekuyalele.
• Nciphisa ukusela kwakho utywala okanye iziselo ezine-caffeine .
• Yitya ukutya okunesondlo okufana neziqhamo, imifuno, kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo.
• Zilolonge umzimba ubuncinane imizuzu eli-150 ngeveki.
• Lawula uxinzelelo ngeendlela ezisempilweni ezifana nonyango lokuthetha okanye ukucamngca.

Usenokungazi ngenkqubo yombane yentliziyo yakho de ube nengxaki ngesingqisho sentliziyo yakho. Kodwa ezi mpawu zokuhambisa umoya zezona zenza intliziyo yakho ibethe kwaye ihambise igazi kuyo. Ukwazi indlela esebenza ngayo le nkqubo kunokukunceda uchonge iingxaki ezinokubakho kwaye ufumane uncedo.

Amanqaku amafutshane ekufuneka uwakhumbule

Kulungile, makhe sijonge ezinye zezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka sizikhumbule kwizinto esithethe ngazo namhlanje.

• Inkqubo yokuhambisa intliziyo yentliziyo yakho yinethiwekhi yombane elawula ukubetha kwentliziyo yakho.
• Iqulathe iindawo eziphambili ezibizwa ngokuba yi-`SA` node, i-`AV` node, i-bundle ye-His, kunye nee-Purkinje fibers .
• Iingxaki ngale nkqubo zinokubangela ukuphazamiseka kwesantya sentliziyo (i-arrhythmias) .
• Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezinjengobunzima bokuphefumla, iintlungu zesifuba, okanye ukuquleka, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.
• Ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo (ukutya okunempilo, ukuzilolonga, ukuyeka ukutshaya, kunye nokulawula uxinzelelo), unokugcina inkqubo yakho yentliziyo kunye nentliziyo yonke isempilweni.

Ngoko ke, nyamekela intliziyo yakho. Sisitho esimangalisayo esisebenza ngokuzikhandla kuwe!

Inkqubo yokuhambisa intliziyo , inkqubo yombane yentliziyo, ukubetha kwentliziyo, i-SA node, i-AV node, i-arrhythmia, isifo sentliziyo